Download or read book Techological Leadership and Foreign Investors Choice of Entrty Mode written by Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing country governments tend to favor joint ventures over other forms of foreign direct investment, believing that local participation facilitates the transfer of technology and marketing skills. However, foreign investors who are technological or marketing leaders in their industries are more likely to invest in wholly owned projects than to share ownership. Thus in R&D-intensive sectors joint ventures may offer less potential for transferring technology and marketing techniques than wholly owned subsidiaries.

Download or read book Technological Leadership and Foreign Investors Choice of Entry Mode written by Beata Smarzynska Javorcik and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing country governments tend to favor joint ventures over other forms of foreign direct investment, believing that local participation facilitates the transfer of technology and marketing skills. However, foreign investors who are technological or marketing leaders in their industries are more likely to invest in wholly owned projects than to share ownership. Thus in Ramp;D-intensive sectors joint ventures may offer less potential for transferring technology and marketing techniques than wholly owned subsidiaries.Developing country governments tend to favor joint ventures over other forms of foreign direct investment, believing that local participation facilitates the transfer of technology and marketing skills. Smarzynska assesses joint ventures' potential for such transfers by comparing the characteristics of foreign investors engaged in joint ventures with those of foreign investors engaged in wholly owned projects in transition economies in the early 1990s.Unlike the existing literature, Smarzynska focuses on intra-industry differences rather than interindustry differences in Ramp;D and advertising intensity. Empirical analysis shows that foreign investors who are technological or marketing leaders in their industries are more likely to invest in wholly owned projects than to share ownership. This is true in high- and medium-technology sectors but not in industries with low Ramp;D spending.Smarzynska concludes that it is inappropriate to treat industries as homogeneous in investigating modes of investment. She also suggests that in sectors with high Ramp;D spending joint ventures may present less potential for transfer of technology and marketing techniques than wholly owned subsidiaries.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the contribution of trade and foreign direct investment to technology transfer.

Download or read book Technological Leadership and Foreign Investors Choice of Entry Mode written by Beata K. Smarzynska and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing country governments tend to favor joint ventures over other forms of foreign direct investment, believing that local participation facilitates the transfer of technology and marketing skills. However, foreign investors who are technological or marketing leaders in their industries are more likely to invest in wholly owned projects than to share ownership. Thus in R & D-intensive sectors joint ventures may offer less potential for transferring technology and marketing techniques than wholly owned subsidiaries.

Download or read book Technological Leadership and the Choice of Entry Mode by Foreign Investors written by Beata Smarzynska Javorcik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing country governments tend to favor joint ventures (JVs) over other forms of foreign direct investment, since they believe that local participation facilitates transfer of technology and marketing skills. This study assesses the potential of JVs for such transfers by comparing characteristics of foreign investors engaged in JVs and wholly owned projects in transition economies in the early 1990s. In contrast to the existing literature, it focuses on intra- rather than interindustry differences in R&D and advertising intensities. The empirical analysis shows that foreign investors that are technological or marketing leaders in their industries are more likely to engage in wholly owned projects than to share ownership. These effects are present in high and medium technology sectors but not in low R&D industries. The study concludes that it is not appropriate to treat industries as homogenous in investigations of investment modes. It also suggests that JVs in high R&D sectors may present a lower potential for transfer of technology and marketing techniques than wholly owned subsidiaries.

Download or read book Technological Asymmetry Among Foreign Investors and Mode of Entry written by Kamal Saggi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does the preferred entry mode of foreign investors depend upon their technological capability relative to that of their rivals? This paper develops a simple duopoly model of mode choice and evaluates its main testable implication using data on foreign investors in Eastern European countries and the successor states of the Soviet Union. The theoretical model captures the following intuitive trade-off: while a joint venture (JV) can help a foreign investor secure a better position in the product market vis-a-vis its rival, it also requires that profits be shared with the local partner. The model predicts that the efficient foreign investor is less likely to choose a JV and more likely to enter directly. Our empirical analysis supports this prediction: foreign investors with more sophisticated technologies and marketing skills (relative to other firms in their industry) tend to prefer direct entry to joint ventures. This empirical finding is robust to controlling for host country specific effects and other commonly cited determinants of entry mode.

Download or read book Technological Asymmetry Among Foreign Investors and Mode of Entry written by Kamal Saggi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does the preferred entry mode of foreign investors depend on their technological capability relative to that of their rivals? The authors develop a simple model of entry mode choice and evaluate its main testable implication using data on foreign investors in Eastern European countries and the successor states of the former Soviet Union. The model considers competition between two asymmetric foreign investors and captures the following tradeoffs: while a joint venture helps a foreign investor secure a better position in the product market compared with its rival, it also requires that profits be shared with the local partner. The model predicts that the efficient foreign investor is less likely to choose a joint venture and more likely to enter directly relative to the inefficient investor. The authors' empirical analysis supports this prediction: foreign investors with more sophisticated technologies and marketing skills (relative to other firms in their industry) tend to prefer direct entry to joint ventures. This empirical finding is robust to controlling for host country-specific effects and other commonly cited determinants of entry mode.

Download or read book Global Integration and Technology Transfer written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-27 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of international technology diffusion (ITD) for economic development can hardly be overstated. Both the acquisition of technology and its diffusion foster productivity growth. Developing countries have long sought to use both national policies and international agreements to stimulate ITD. The 'correct' policy intervention, if any, depends critically upon the channels through which technology diffuses internationally and the quantitative effects of the various diffusion processes on efficiency and productivity growth. Neither is well understood. New technologies may be embodied in goods and transferred through imports of new varieties of differentiated products or capital goods and equipment, they may be obtained through exposure to foreign buyers or foreign investors or they may be acquired through arms-length trade in intellectual property, e.g., licensing contracts. 'Global Integration and Technology Transfer' uses cross-country and firm level panel data sets to analyze how specific activities exporting, importing, FDI, joint ventures impact on productivity performance.

Download or read book The Geography of International Investment written by Howard J. Shatz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multinationals have become increasingly important to the world economy. Overseas production by U.S. affiliates is three times U.S. exports, for example. Who is investing where, for sales where?

Download or read book Mode of Foreign Entry Technology Transfer and FDI Policy written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When technology transfer is costly, a foreign firm and host country government may differ in their preferences over direct entry and acquisition. Government intervention could help induce the socially preferred choice.

Download or read book Reducing Structural Dominance and Entry Barriers in Russian Industry written by Harry G. Broadman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The absence of new business in Russia is striking. Reforms to make Russia more competitive should start with eliminating regulatory and institutional barriers to the entry of new competitors.

Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment and Integration Into Global Production and Distribution Networks written by Bart?omiej Kami?ski and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integration into the production and marketing arrangements of multinational corporations may offer many benefits to transition economies that, after a long period of isolation, have liberalized trade and investment. The fragmentation of production offers a unique opportunity for producers in developing countries to move from servicing small local markets to supplying large firms abroad and, indirectly, their customers all over the world.

Download or read book Development Trade and the WTO written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's description: Developing countries are increasingly confronted with the need to address trade policy related issues in international agreements, most prominently the World Trade Organization (WTO). New WTO negotiations on a broad range of subjects were launched in November 2001. Determining whether and how international trade agreements can support economic development is a major challenge. Stakeholders in developing countries must be informed on the issues and understand how their interests can be pursued through international cooperation. This handbook offers guidance on the design of trade policy reform, surveys key disciplines and the functioning of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and discusses numerous issues and options that confront developing countries in using international cooperation to improve domestic policy and obtain access to export markets. Many of the issues discussed are also relevant in the context of regional integration agreements. Separate sections of the handbook summarize what constitutes sound trade policy; the major aspects of the WTO from a development perspective; policy issues in the area of merchandise trade and the liberalization of international transactions in services; protection of intellectual property rights and economic development; new regulatory subjects that are emerging in the agenda of trade talks; and enhancing participation of developing countries in the global trading system.

Download or read book World Investment Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trade foreign direct investment and international technology transfer a survey written by Kamal Saggi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: May 2000 - How much a developing country can take advantage of technology transfer from foreign direct investment depends partly on how well educated and well trained its workforce is, how much it is willing to invest in research and development, and how much protection it offers for intellectual property rights. Saggi surveys the literature on trade and foreign direct investment - especially wholly owned subsidiaries of multinational firms and international joint ventures - as channels for technology transfer. He also discusses licensing and other arm's-length channels of technology transfer. He concludes: How trade encourages growth depends on whether knowledge spillover is national or international. Spillover is more likely to be national for developing countries than for industrial countries; Local policy often makes pure foreign direct investment infeasible, so foreign firms choose licensing or joint ventures. The jury is still out on whether licensing or joint ventures lead to more learning by local firms; Policies designed to attract foreign direct investment are proliferating. Several plant-level studies have failed to find positive spillover from foreign direct investment to firms competing directly with subsidiaries of multinationals. (However, these studies treat foreign direct investment as exogenous and assume spillover to be horizontal - when it may be vertical.) All such studies do find the subsidiaries of multinationals to be more productive than domestic firms, so foreign direct investment does result in host countries using resources more effectively; Absorptive capacity in the host country is essential for getting significant benefits from foreign direct investment. Without adequate human capital or investments in research and development, spillover fails to materialize; A country's policy on protection of intellectual property rights affects the type of industry it attracts. Firms for which such rights are crucial (such as pharmaceutical firms) are unlikely to invest directly in countries where such protections are weak, or will not invest in manufacturing and research and development activities. Policy on intellectual property rights also influences whether technology transfer comes through licensing, joint ventures, or the establishment of wholly owned subsidiaries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study microfoundations of international technology diffusion. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Microfoundations of International Technology Diffusion. The author may be contacted at [email protected].

Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment in the Real and Financial Sector of Industrial Countries written by Heinz Herrmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of papers on the determinants and consequences of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the real and financial sectors of industrial countries. The text sheds new light on the determinants of FDI, in particular the role of governmental incentives. Another main topic is the role of FDI in the east European accession countries. It provides insights into the question of whether EU enlargement will have consequences for capital flows into those countries. Since the start of European monetary union, the discussion on cross-border mergers in the European banking industry has intensified. The final part of the book contains contributions to this debate.

Download or read book Good Practice in Information and Communication Technology for Education written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ICT for education is a rapidly evolving and high-priority development area. This guide stresses the importance of a holistic good practice framework in which ICT for education issues are pursued through three interrelated perspectives: (i) national perspective, (ii) education sector perspective, and (iii) education institution and school perspective. The guide draws on a range of sources, including the findings of ADB’s studies on ICT for education and the experience ADB has gained with stakeholders and partners in providing project assistance for ICT for education in its developing member countries.

Download or read book The World Bank Research Program 2005 2007 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals.