Download or read book Tax Reform and Regional Integration written by Organization of American States. Department of Economic Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tax Politics in Eastern Europe written by Hilary Appel and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This is the first book to systematically examine the variation in policies of Eastern European countries. There is a theoretical contribution to understandings of variation in tax policies, but just as impressive is the in-depth empirical analysis and in particular the data from interviews with key players in the process.” —Yoshiko Herrera, University of Wisconsin-Madison Post-Communist tax reform, like institutional reform in other areas of the post-Communist transition, holds tremendous material consequences for different groups in society. Consequently, one would expect the allocation of resources and the distribution of the financial burden of that allocation to be highly sensitive to domestic politics. Indeed the political stakes should be especially high since post-Communist tax reform requires not merely a simple adjustment at the margin, but the fundamental reallocation of the responsibility for government revenue. In Eastern Europe, however, important areas of tax policy do not reflect traditional domestic variables (e.g., interest groups and partisanship) so much as the international imperatives associated with regional and global economic integration. In Tax Politics in Eastern Europe, Hilary Appel analyzes the domestic and international factors that drive tax policy. She begins with a review of the greatest challenges in the initial creation of the capitalist tax systems in former Communist states and then turns to the evolution of specific forms of taxation in order to gauge the relative impact of domestic politics on tax policy. Appel concludes that, although some tax areas, such as personal income taxes, remain politicized, most other taxes, such as corporate income taxes and all forms of consumption taxes, have been less subject to domestic political pressures because of powerful constraints resulting from regional and global economic integration.

Download or read book Tax Reform in Developing Countries written by James Alm and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades countries around the world have seen a wide diversity of tax reforms, both in major systematic changes, and through more specific areas of tax, such as value-added and income tax. The results of these reforms, however, have been unequal, and many issues remain unresolved. With advances in globalization, technology and regional integration, the issue of adapting tax systems in developing countries to new economic environments is becoming ever more pressing. This research review surveys the best research from the past three decades on tax reform in developing countries to highlight the state of knowledge of tax reform, analyse useful policy options and present new and critical approaches to this critical issue.

Download or read book Tax Reform in Developing Countries written by James Alm and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades countries around the world have seen a wide diversity of tax reforms, both in major systematic changes, and through more specific areas of tax, such as value-added and income tax. The results of these reforms, however, have been unequal, and many issues remain unresolved. With advances in globalization, technology and regional integration, the issue of adapting tax systems in developing countries to new economic environments is becoming ever more pressing. This Research Review surveys the best research from the past three decades on tax reform in developing countries to highlight the state of knowledge of tax reform, analyse useful policy options and present new and critical approaches to this critical issue.

Download or read book National Tax Reform and Regional Economic Integration written by Richard S. Berger and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Towards a Neutral Formulary Apportionment System in Regional Integration written by Shu-Chien Chen and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International tax regimes and practices are heavily criticized for failing to fairly levy corporate tax on giant multinational taxpayers in the current globalized and digitalized world. This important and far-seeing book demonstrates how formulary apportionment (FA) – an approach by which a multinational corporation pays each jurisdiction’s corporate tax based on the share of its worldwide income allocated to that jurisdiction – can achieve the much-sought goal of aligning value creation and taxation. The author, through an intensive analysis of the European Union’s (EU’s) Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) Directive Proposal(s) and comparison to the United States (US’s) formulary apportionment experience, shows how the perceived problems with an FA system can be overcome and lays out the necessary elements for its feasibility. With detailed attention to the debates around formulary apportionment and its theoretical foundations, the book provides a blueprint for rebuilding the normative framework for the EU’s tax reform by clearly analysing the implications of the following and more: theorising public benefits to be represented by taxation; reorganising different economic theories about tax neutrality and tax justice; advancing the comparative legal research methodology to analyse law reform by combining the functional approach and the problem-solving approach; designing the logical formulary apportionment system for digital economy; ensuring the removal of the incentive for multinationals to shift reported income to low-tax locations; reducing the tax system’s complexity and the administrative burden it imposes on firms; eliminating transfer pricing complexity for intra-firm transactions; achieving equal weighting of the sales factor, the labour factor, and the asset factor in the formula; application of ‘destination-based’ rule for attributing the sales factor; and replacing the traditional permanent establishment nexus with a ‘factor presence nexus’. The presentation incorporates extensive comparison between the EU’s formulary apportionment tax reform option and FA systems existing in the United States (US) at state level, including reference to relevant US case law and legislation. As a possible option to address the problem of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), formulary apportionment is gaining increasing acceptance and attention. This book will prove invaluable to taxation authorities, tax practitioners, and scholars in its deeply informed and systematic guidance on good practices and prevention of problematic experiences in establishing and implementing an effective and market-neutral FA system.

Download or read book Regional Integration and Factor Income Taxation written by Valeria De Bonis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Central America Integrat h written by Royce Q. Shaw and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study challenges several widely held assumptions about Central American economic integration, arguing that the key to understanding the failure of the integration program lies in neither advanced economic nor regional integration theory, but in the domestic politics of the states involved. Thus, the author contends that the Common Market was not the cause of the balance-of-payments and balanced-growth crises in Central America; rather, domestic political forces were the major factor in the collapse of the market and the subsequent attempts at restructuring. Professor Shaw disputes the standard interpretations of the role of the technocrats in the integration process and demonstrates that the domestic political elites played an important role throughout. He also challenges the assumption that economic integration is always a force for conciliation, pointing out that the Common Market aggravated some of the conflicts that led to war between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969. Nor are integration programs among less developed countries necessarily instruments of political and social change, according to this analysis; on the contrary, political elites used the Common Market to bypass the internal economic reforms necessary for national development. This study incorporates new material—interview data and other primary source material—on events of the past eight years.

Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Tax Reform in the Southern Mediterranean Region written by Mr.George T. Abed and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-04-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union’s Association Agreements with several countries in the Southern Mediterranean Region (SMR) aim to promote deeper economic integration between the SMR and the EU by establishing a free trade area in twelve years. Because a large share of the SMR countries’ total imports comes from the EU, the removal of import tariffs could reduce budgetary revenue by the equivalent of 1 percent to 4 percent of individual countries’ GDP. This paper proposes tax and tariff reforms that would help generate the needed compensatory revenue and, more important in the long run, reduce the distortionary effects of the tax and tariff systems and underpin higher rates of sustainable growth.

Download or read book Globalization and the need for fiscal reform in developing countries Occasional Paper SITI Documento de Divulgaci n IECI n 6 written by Vito Tanzi and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2004 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Taxation in the United States and Europe written by Anthonie Knoester and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on taxation and economic policy making. It contains a variety of contributions devoted to important theoretical and empirical topics of taxation. Among the issues discussed are tax reforms, the poverty trap and the Laffer curve, taxation and the inverted Haavelmo effect, the excess burden of taxation in the United States, corporation tax harmonisation and taxation policy and economic integration. In addition, it contains a survey of the tax policies actually pursued by Austria, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States in the 1980s and the 1990s thus providing an unique documentation for an international comparison. The book will be of interest for anyone who is professionally involved with the theory and practise of taxation.

Download or read book Regional Integration and Factor Income Taxation written by De Valeria Bonis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1997 Even if concerted agreements might help reduce inefficiencies resulting from regional differences in income tax, making regional taxes uniform may not be the best solution to the problem-but imposing a minimum tax rate could be. De Bonis analyzes (both theoretically and empirically) the international distortions and fiscal interdependence that arise because of different tax rates among a region's countries. She also studies what happens when the countries try to harmonize taxes, focusing on how the countries' size influences results, how strategic behavior changes under different international tax rules, and what happens to relationships with countries excluded from the integration process. Among her findings: * In the case of highly mobile factors, such as financial capital, competition involves the risk of tax rates and revenues being brought down to extremely low levels, so some form of concerted agreement seems necessary, although cooperation need not involve tax rate uniformity. But regional agreements might be ineffective when factors can move to the rest of the world. * In the case of less mobile factors, such as physical capital, competition would not yield the outcome of extremely low tax rates. Then the need for concerted international intervention is weaker. But international coordination in the form of imposing a minimum tax rate might be beneficial in some cases. * As for taxing foreign direct investment in developing countries, in the context of regional North-South integration agreements, it is possible that differences in the countries' objective functions eliminate the incentive for strategic reactions. In the context of South-South agreements, incentives for the integrating, capital-importing countries to compete with each other are determined by the kind of tax system chosen in the capital-exporting rest of the world. In the case of exemption, competition would drive capital income tax rates down. In the case of a credit system, competition would take place only in tariffs (or other trade taxes). What is required then is an agreement not on capital income taxes but on a common external tariff. * In the presence of migration costs or a link between the tax rates on mobile and immobile factors, the absence of coordination does not lead to a zero tax rate on mobile factors. Both countries' welfare can be improved by imposing a minimum tax rate, but not a uniform tax rate. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of background work for the group's program on regionalism and development.

Download or read book Regional Integration in West Africa written by Eswar Prasad and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " Assessing the potential benefits and risks of a currency union Leaders of the fifteen-member Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have set a goal of achieving a monetary and currency union by late 2020. Although some progress has been made toward achieving this ambitious goal, major challenges remain if the region is to realize the necessary macroeconomic convergence and establish the required institutional framework in a relatively short period of time. The proposed union offers many potential benefits, especially for countries with historically high inflation rates and weak central banks. But, as implementation of the euro over the past two decades has shown, folding multiple currencies, representing disparate economies, into a common union comes with significant costs, along with operational challenges and transitional risks. All these potential negatives must be considered carefully by ECOWAS leaders seeking tomeet a self-imposed deadline. This book, by two leading experts on economics and Africa, makes a significant analytical contribution to the debates now under way about how ECOWAS could achieve and manage its currency union, andthe ramifications for the African continent. "

Download or read book Towards a Neutral Formulary Apportionment System in Regional Integration written by Shu-Chien Chen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditional international tax regime faces challenges in the digital economy and is criticised for not fairly allocating taxing rights over the profits of multinational enterprises (MNEs)' cross- border economic activities. Allocating taxing rights based on value creation is an urgent reform imperative. OECD's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project in 2015 is a reform effort to address this problem.Since 2021, OECD's Pillar One has established the “new” taxing rights of the market jurisdiction. OECD's Pillar One uses a formula approach to decide the profit allocation. Such development shows that “formulary apportionment” (FA) could be a feasible option for tax reform. However, the core question remains: How should a fair FA be designed to allocate taxing rights? The article especially discusses the FA system in the European Union (EU). The full text is at https://pure.eur.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/83033157/Towards_a_neutral_formulary_apportionment.pdf.

Download or read book Opening Up the Suburban Coffers written by Elizabeth Blakesley Smith and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Why Did All But Two OECD Countries Initiate Tax Reform from 1986 to 1990 written by Mark Hallerberg and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role that economic and political factors played in tax reform in OECD countries from 1986 to 1990. Some writers argue that economic integration forced states to reform their tax systems. We examine this argument and consider the relevance of other possible factors, such as inflation and growth rates, the partisanship of the government, and the number of "veto players" in accounting for changes in the statutory corporate and top income tax rate. Our findings indicate that capital in particular was quite mobile by 1986, at least mobile enough so that governments were forced to respond to the initial tax cut in the United States. At the same time, a government's ability to respond to these pressures depended critically on the number of institutional players which were required to approve any change in policy. Even when one of the respective players in the domestic arena presumably wanted to move forward with significant cuts in marginal tax rates, in cases where it had to win approval for its proposal from other veto players it had to make compromises which inevitably reduced the reform's scope. This analysis has some interesting implications for the dynamics of tax competition. Several scholars worry that unfettered competition among states will drive taxes on capital and mobile labor down to zero. States with more veto players may find themselves unable, at least in the short run, to retaliate against cuts in other places with a 'defection' of their own.

Download or read book Corporate Tax Rates and Regional Integration Evidence from the Transition Countries written by Aleksandra Klofat and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate tax rates in the industrialized countries have been decreasing for many years. This decline has been attributed by many scholars to tax competition. In this context, however, less attention has been paid to the relation between regional economic integration and the development of the tax rates. This paper covers this issue concentrating on two integration initiatives in Europe and Eurasia: the European Union and the Eurasian Customs Union/Eurasian Economic Union. I find evidence that the declining corporate tax rates are to various degrees driven by the progressing regional integration within both the EU and the EEU. This paper also shows that the regional integration within the Eurasian Economic Union is, despite significant skepticism expressed from various sides, working in practice.