Download or read book Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam written by Patricia Crone and published by Gorgias Press. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patricia Crone reassesses one of the most widely accepted dogmas in contemporary accounts of the beginnings of Islam: the supposition that Mecca was a trading center. In addition, she seeks to elucidate sources on which we should reconstruct our picture of the birth of the new religion in Arabia.

Download or read book Pi A Source Book written by Jonathan M. Borwein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our intention in this collection is to provide, largely through original writings, an ex tended account of pi from the dawn of mathematical time to the present. The story of pi reflects the most seminal, the most serious, and sometimes the most whimsical aspects of mathematics. A surprising amount of the most important mathematics and a signifi cant number of the most important mathematicians have contributed to its unfolding directly or otherwise. Pi is one of the few mathematical concepts whose mention evokes a response of recog nition and interest in those not concerned professionally with the subject. It has been a part of human culture and the educated imagination for more than twenty-five hundred years. The computation of pi is virtually the only topic from the most ancient stratum of mathematics that is still of serious interest to modern mathematical research. To pursue this topic as it developed throughout the millennia is to follow a thread through the history of mathematics that winds through geometry, analysis and special functions, numerical analysis, algebra, and number theory. It offers a subject that provides mathe maticians with examples of many current mathematical techniques as weIl as a palpable sense of their historical development. Why a Source Book? Few books serve wider potential audiences than does a source book. To our knowledge, there is at present no easy access to the bulk of the material we have collected.

Download or read book English Arabic Dictionary written by F. Steingass and published by South Asia Books. This book was released on 1993-12-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary written by D. N. Mackenzie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2004. The purpose of this dictionary is to provide the student with a representative vocabulary of Pahlavi in which such uncertain words have been reduced to a minimum and marked. It includes the commonest 4,000 simple words.

Download or read book The Oceanic Languages written by Donald MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of the book is to describe the Efate language. Comparison is made with other languages in order to elucidate certain aspects of Efate or as evidence in support of the author's theory that the Oceanic languages have their origin in Semitic.

Download or read book A Muslim Theologian in the Sectarian Milieu written by Gabriel Reynolds and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2005-02-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 385 AH/AD 995 the Qāḍī ‘Abd al-Jabbār, well known for his Mu‘tazilī theological writings, wrote the Confirmation of the Proofs of Prophecy, a work that includes a creative polemic against Christianity. ‘Abd al-Jabbār reinterprets the Bible, Church history (especially the lives of Paul and Constantine) and Christian practice to argue that Christians changed the Islamic religion of Jesus. The present work begins with an examination of the controversial theory that this polemic was borrowed from an unkown Judaeo-Christian group. The author argues that ‘Abd al-Jabbār's polemic is better understood as a response to his particular milieu and the on-going inter-religious debates of the medieval Islamic world. By examining the life and thought of ‘Abd al-Jabbār, along with the Islamic, Christian and Jewish antecedants to his polemic, the author uncovers the intimate relationship between sectarian controversy and the development of an Islamic doctrine on Christianity.

Download or read book Islamic State in Pakistan written by Tariq Parvez and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Arabic English Vocabulary of the Colloquial Arabic of Egypt written by Socrates Spiro and published by . This book was released on 1895 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assyrian Personal Names written by Knut L. Tallqvist and published by Alpha Edition. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.

Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts written by Mian Chin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) critically reviews current knowledge about global distributions and properties of atmospheric aerosols, as they relate to aerosol impacts on climate. It assesses possible next steps aimed at substantially reducing uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates. Current measurement techniques and modeling approaches are summarized, providing context. The objectives of this report are: (1) to promote a consensus about the knowledge base for climate change decision support; and (2) to provide a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of the climate-relevant impacts of anthropogenic aerosols. Illustrations.

Download or read book The Hanbali School of Law and Ibn Taymiyyah written by Abdul Hakim I Al-Matroudi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanbali School of Law and Ibn Taymiyyah provides a valuable account of the development of Hanbalite jurisprudence, placing the theoretical and conceptual parameters of this tradition within the grasp of the interested reader. Studying the vibrant yet controversial interaction between Ibn Taymiyyah and the Hanbali School of law, this book assesses to what extent this relationship was a conflict or reconciliation. The author takes a detailed exploration of the following issues: the strength of contributions made to this School by earlier paragons associated with Ahmad Ibn Hanbal the contextual constructs which shaped the tradition’s development the methodology and literature synonyms within the classical School the manner by which Ibn Taymiyyah engaged with the Hanbali tradition the impact of his thought upon the later expression of the School’s legal doctrines and its theoretical principles the contribution made by this School in general to the synthesis of Islamic law. Giving background material to the Hanbali School of law, this book is a vital reference work for those with interests in Islamic law, the history of the Hanbalite tradition and its principle luminaries.

Download or read book Indo European Linguistics written by Michael Meier-Brügger and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2003 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is designed as an introduction to the field. It presents current topics and questions in Indo-European linguistics in a clear and informative manner.

Download or read book The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible written by Jeff A. Benner and published by Ancient Hebrew Research Center. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All previous Biblical Hebrew lexicons have provided a modern western definition and perspective to Hebrew roots and words. This prevents the reader of the Bible from seeing the ancient authors' original intent of the passages. This is the first Biblical Hebrew lexicon that defines each Hebrew word within its original Ancient Hebrew cultural meaning. One of the major differences between the Modern Western mind and the Ancient Hebrew's is that their mind related all words and their meanings to a concrete concept. For instance, the Hebrew word "chai" is normally translated as "life", a western abstract meaning, but the original Hebrew concrete meaning of this word is the "stomach". In the Ancient Hebrew mind, a full stomach is a sign of a full "life". The Hebrew language is a root system oriented language and the lexicon is divided into sections reflecting this root system. Each word of the Hebrew Bible is grouped within its roots and is defined according to its original ancient cultural meaning. Also included in each word entry are its alternative spellings, King James translations of the word and Strong's number. Indexes are included to assist with finding a word within the lexicon according to its spelling, definition, King James translation or Strong's number.

Download or read book A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic written by Hans Wehr and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 1979 with total page 1326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An enlarged and improved version of "Arabisches Wèorterbuch fèur die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart" by Hans Wehr and includes the contents of the "Supplement zum Arabischen Wèorterbuch fèur die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart" and a collection of new additional material (about 13.000 entries) by the same author."

Download or read book The Dictionary of the Holy Qur n written by Abdul Mannān Omar and published by Noor Foundation International. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1- Easy to find and ascertain the real, classical, and root meaning of all the Quranic Words.2- All root-words of the Holy Quran with their derivatives have been included in it.3- Efforts have been made to highlight various shades of meaning.4- Two indexes have been provided: Index #1- The Quranic Words. Each Quranicword is ALPHABETICALLY arranged (according to the Arabic alphabets), with the cross reference to the basic `root-words'. (This Index # 1 is helpful for the beginners).Index # 2 - Basic Quranic Root-words. All the Quranic basic`root-words' arranged alphabetically (according to the Arabic alphabets).5- Authentic and Comprehensive. The etymology, the function, and wherever applicable the abbreviations are also given from the most authentic sources, with explanatory notes, grammatical comments, and examples in phrase and poetry.6- Classical Arabic Dictionaries combined in one. Some of theclassical dictionaries used: Al-Mufradat fi Gharib Al-Quran by Abdul Qasim al-Husain al-Raghib; Lisan al-Arab by Jamal al-Din Abu al-Fadzl Muhmmad bin Mukarram bin Manzur; Taj al-Arus min Jawahir al Qamus by Muhammad al MurtadzaHusaini; The Arabic English Lexicon by Edward W. Lane etc.7- Appendices: Appendix # 1- An Overview of the Dictionary. This has number of articles. Appendix # 2- System of Punctuation. Appendix # 3- System of Transliteration of the Arabic Words.8- Deluxe gift edition: Silver page edges. Leather-flex binding.

Download or read book A New English Hindustani Dictionary written by S. W. Fallon and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oriental Biographical Dictionary written by Thomas William Beale and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: