Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of the Transcription Termination Machinery written by Peter Hsu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA Polymerase II (PolII) dependent transcription of mRNAs is central to gene expression throughout eukaryotes. Transcription is a highly regulated process, with a defined initiation, elongation, and termination phase, all of which are controlled by multiple trans-acting protein factors and cis-acting elements on the template DNA and transcribed RNA. Extensive work has shown that the phosphorylation state of the C- terminal domain (CTD) of PolII plays a central role in the recruitment of trans-acting factors during all phases of transcription. Aberrant phosphorylation can result in a lethal phenotype in yeasts, therefore implying that correct control of phosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases specific for the CTD is critical for life. In addition to the polymerase, conserved cis-acting sequence elements near the 3'-end on pre-mRNAs help to define and recruit various RNA processing machines to the transcription elongation complex in order to properly process and package the pre-mRNA for export to the cytoplasm for translation. In this thesis, I first review current knowledge regarding PolII CTD phosphorylation and its effects on the transcription elongation complex. Additionally, in this first chapter, I will also provide an overview of the 3'-end mRNA processing/transcription termination machinery. In the second part of my thesis, I will describe my doctoral work on the structural and biochemical characterization of Rtr1, a unique PolII CTD phosphatase that represents a novel new member of this class of enzymes. In my studies, I show that Rtr1 is a bona fide phosphatase of unique sequence and structure that is allosterically regulated by its own C-terminus. Additionally, I show that Rtr1 is a dual specificity phosphatase, with activities against both serine and tyrosine residues on the CTD. In chapter 3 of this thesis, I describe my work on the in vitro reconstitution of the Cleavage Stimulation Factor (CstF) responsible for the recognition of sequences downstream of the polyadenylation site on pre-mRNAs that help to define the 3'-end processing reaction that occur at the end of genes. Using highly purified proteins, I show for the first time that CstF is a dimer of trimers, with two copies of each subunit in the entire assembly. In addition, I show that CstF, as a complex, can bind to G/U rich RNAs with nanomolar affinities, in stark contrast with previous studies showing that singly purified proteins from the complex binding with much weaker affinities.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Gene Expression written by Robert O. J. Weinzierl and published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated. This book was released on 1999 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book presents much of the current thinking concerning molecular mechanisms of transcriptional control in a form easily accessible to undergraduates with an understanding of basic molecular biology concepts. It contains detailed information about the various pro- and eukaryotic transcriptional machineries that has recently become available through the combined efforts of geneticists, biochemists and structural biologists. The book will thus not only serve as an undergraduate text but also offer something new and interesting to more advanced readers and professional scientists who want to keep up to date with rapid advances in this field."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of the Transcription Factors Spt6 and Spn1 written by Seth M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of the Transcription Elongation Factors Spt6 and Tex written by Devin W. Close and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Transcription written by Fritz Eckstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of Transcription presents a unique perspective on the fundamental processes of transcription. A collection of distinguished authors draws together the underlying mechanisms involved in the process of transcription. This includes RNA polymerase function and its interaction with promoter sequences, and the structures of the various components on the transcriptional machinery. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, NMR and crystallographic structures of a number of important eukaryotic transcription factors are discussed, as well as the role of chromatin structure.
Download or read book A Handbook of Transcription Factors written by Timothy R. Hughes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcription factors are the molecules that the cell uses to interpret the genome: they possess sequence-specific DNA-binding activity, and either directly or indirectly influence the transcription of genes. In aggregate, transcription factors control gene expression and genome organization, and play a pivotal role in many aspects of physiology and evolution. This book provides a reference for major aspects of transcription factor function, encompassing a general catalogue of known transcription factor classes, origins and evolution of specific transcription factor types, methods for studying transcription factor binding sites in vitro, in vivo, and in silico, and mechanisms of interaction with chromatin and RNA polymerase.
Download or read book Transcription written by Ronald C. Conaway and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1994 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a coherent account of many productive lines of investigation, organized as a series of mini-reviews that focus on major research areas including studies on the structure and mechanisms of action of bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases, and the transcription factors that control their activities. Each review provides a brief but up-to-date account of the progress of research in a particular area, a discussion of the major issues and questions driving that research, and a brief description of the evolving approaches and technologies used to address those questions. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of a Eukaryotic Transcription Factor and a Bacterial Quorum Quenching Enzyme written by Ce Feng Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RNA Polymerases as Molecular Motors written by Henri Buc and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2009-03-10 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cell can be viewed as a 'collection of protein machines' and understanding these molecular machines requires sophisticated cooperation between cell biologists, geneticists, enzymologists, crystallographers, chemists and physicists. To observe these machines in action, researchers have developed entirely new methodologies for the detection and the nanomanipulation of single molecules. This book, written by expert scientists in the field, analyses how these diverse fields of research interact on a specific example - RNA polymerase. The book concentrates on RNA polymerases because they play a central role among all the other machines operating in the cell and are the target of a wide range of regulatory mechanisms. They have also been the subject of spectacular advances in their structural understanding in recent years, as testified by the attribution of the Nobel prize in chemistry in 2006 to Roger Kornberg. The book focuses on two aspects of the transcription cycle that have been more intensively studied thanks to this increased scientific cooperation - the recognition of the promoter by the enzyme, and the achievement of consecutive translocation steps during elongation of the RNA product. Each of these two topics is introduced by an overview, and is then presented by worldwide experts in the field, taking the viewpoint of their speciality. The overview chapters focus on the mechanism-structure interface and the structure-machine interface while the individual chapters within each section concentrate more specifically on particular processes-kinetic analysis, single-molecule spectroscopy, and termination of transcription, amongst others. Specific attention has been paid to the newcomers in the field, with careful descriptions of new emerging techniques and the constitution of an atlas of three-dimensional pictures of the enzymes involved. For more than thirty years, the study of RNA polymerases has benefited from intense cooperation between the scientific partners involved in the various fields listed above. It is hoped that a collection of essays from outstanding scientists on this subject will catalyse the convergence of scientific efforts in this field, as well as contribute to better teaching at advanced levels in Universities.
Download or read book Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure written by Wolfram Saenger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New textbooks at all levels of chemistry appear with great regularity. Some fields like basic biochemistry, organic reaction mechanisms, and chemical ther modynamics are well represented by many excellent texts, and new or revised editions are published sufficiently often to keep up with progress in research. However, some areas of chemistry, especially many of those taught at the grad uate level, suffer from a real lack of up-to-date textbooks. The most serious needs occur in fields that are rapidly changing. Textbooks in these subjects usually have to be written by scientists actually involved in the research which is advancing the field. It is not often easy to persuade such individuals to set time aside to help spread the knowledge they have accumulated. Our goal, in this series, is to pinpoint areas of chemistry where recent progress has outpaced what is covered in any available textbooks, and then seek out and persuade experts in these fields to produce relatively concise but instructive introductions to their fields. These should serve the needs of one semester or one quarter graduate courses in chemistry and biochemistry. In some cases the availability of texts in active research areas should help stimulate the creation of new courses. CHARLES R. CANTOR New York Preface This monograph is based on a review on polynucleotide structures written for a book series in 1976.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Macromolecular Protein Complexes II Structure and Function written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows on from Volume 83 in the SCBI series (“Macromolecular Protein Complexes”), and addresses several important topics (such as the Proteasome, Anaphase Promoting Complex, Ribosome and Apoptosome) that were not previously included, together with a number of additional exciting topics in this rapidly expanding field of study. Although the first SCBI Protein Complex book focused on soluble protein complexes, the second (Vol. 87)addressed Membrane Complexes, and the third (Vol. 88) put the spotlight on Viral Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes, a number of membrane, virus and even fibrillar protein complexes have been be considered for inclusion in the present book. A further book is also under preparation that follows the same pattern, in an attempt to provide a thorough coverage of the subject. Chapter 9 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Anatomy of Gene Regulation written by Panagiotis A. Tsonis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Download or read book 24th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society March 14 17 2016 Stuttgart Germany written by and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 36 presents the complete Abstracts of all contributions to the 24th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society in Stuttgart (Germany) 2016: - Plenary Talks - Microsymposia - Poster Session Supplement Series of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie publishes Abstracts of international conferences on the interdisciplinary field of crystallography.
Download or read book Viral Molecular Machines written by Michael G. Rossmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will contain a series of solicited chapters that concern with the molecular machines required by viruses to perform various essential functions of virus life cycle. The first three chapters (Introduction, Molecular Machines and Virus Architecture) introduce the reader to the best known molecular machines and to the structure of viruses. The remainder of the book will examine in detail various stages of the viral life cycle. Beginning with the viral entry into a host cell, the book takes the reader through replication of the genome, synthesis and assembly of viral structural components, genome packaging and maturation into an infectious virion. Each chapter will describe the components of the respective machine in molecular or atomic detail, genetic and biochemical analyses, and mechanism. Topics are carefully selected so that the reader is exposed to systems where there is a substantial infusion of new knowledge in recent years, which greatly elevated the fundamental mechanistic understanding of the respective molecular machine. The authors will be encouraged to simplify the detailed knowledge to basic concepts, include provocative new ideas, as well as design colorful graphics, thus making the cutting-edge information accessible to broad audience.
Download or read book The Biochemistry of Retinoic Acid Receptors I Structure Activation and Function at the Molecular Level written by Mary Ann Asson-Batres and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-24 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A role for vitamin A in living organisms has been known throughout human history. In the last 100 years, the biochemical nature of vitamin A and its active derivative, retinoic acid, its physiological impact on growth processes and the essential details of its mechanism of action have been revealed by investigations carried out by researchers using vertebrate and more recently invertebrate models to study a multiplicity of processes and conditions, encompassing embryogenesis, postnatal development to old age. A wealth of intercellular interactions, intracellular signaling systems and molecular mechanisms have been described and the overall conclusion is that retinoic acid is essential for life. This book series, with chapters authored by experts in every aspect of this complex field, unifies the knowledge base and mechanisms currently known in detailed, engaging, well-illustrated, focused chapters that synthesize information for each specific area. In view of the recent explosion in this field, it is timely to publish a contemporary, comprehensive, book series recapitulating the most exciting developments in the field and covering fundamental research in molecular mechanisms of vitamin A action, its role in physiology, development and continued well-being and the potential of vitamin A derivatives and synthetic mimetics to serve as therapeutic treatments for cancers and other debilitating human diseases. VOLUME I: Here, we present the first volume of a multi-volume series on Retinoic Acid Signaling that will cover all aspects of this broad and diverse field. One aim of Volume I is to present a compilation of topics related to the biochemistry of nuclear retinoic acid receptors, from their architecture when bound to DNA and associated with their coregulators to their ability to regulate target gene transcription. A second aim is to provide insight into recent advances that have been made in identifying novel targets and non-genomic effects of retinoic acid. Volume I is divided into ten chapters contributed by prominent experts in their respective fields. Each chapter starts with the history of the area of research. Then, the key findings that contributed to development of the field are described, followed by a detailed look at key findings and progress that are being made in current, ongoing research. Each chapter is concluded with a discussion of the relevance of the research and a perspective on missing pieces and lingering gaps that the author recommends will be important in defining future directions in vitamin A research.
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
