Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of the Transcription Elongation Factors Spt6 and Tex written by Devin W. Close and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of the Transcription Factors Spt6 and Spn1 written by Seth M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of the Transcription Termination Machinery written by Peter Hsu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA Polymerase II (PolII) dependent transcription of mRNAs is central to gene expression throughout eukaryotes. Transcription is a highly regulated process, with a defined initiation, elongation, and termination phase, all of which are controlled by multiple trans-acting protein factors and cis-acting elements on the template DNA and transcribed RNA. Extensive work has shown that the phosphorylation state of the C- terminal domain (CTD) of PolII plays a central role in the recruitment of trans-acting factors during all phases of transcription. Aberrant phosphorylation can result in a lethal phenotype in yeasts, therefore implying that correct control of phosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases specific for the CTD is critical for life. In addition to the polymerase, conserved cis-acting sequence elements near the 3'-end on pre-mRNAs help to define and recruit various RNA processing machines to the transcription elongation complex in order to properly process and package the pre-mRNA for export to the cytoplasm for translation. In this thesis, I first review current knowledge regarding PolII CTD phosphorylation and its effects on the transcription elongation complex. Additionally, in this first chapter, I will also provide an overview of the 3'-end mRNA processing/transcription termination machinery. In the second part of my thesis, I will describe my doctoral work on the structural and biochemical characterization of Rtr1, a unique PolII CTD phosphatase that represents a novel new member of this class of enzymes. In my studies, I show that Rtr1 is a bona fide phosphatase of unique sequence and structure that is allosterically regulated by its own C-terminus. Additionally, I show that Rtr1 is a dual specificity phosphatase, with activities against both serine and tyrosine residues on the CTD. In chapter 3 of this thesis, I describe my work on the in vitro reconstitution of the Cleavage Stimulation Factor (CstF) responsible for the recognition of sequences downstream of the polyadenylation site on pre-mRNAs that help to define the 3'-end processing reaction that occur at the end of genes. Using highly purified proteins, I show for the first time that CstF is a dimer of trimers, with two copies of each subunit in the entire assembly. In addition, I show that CstF, as a complex, can bind to G/U rich RNAs with nanomolar affinities, in stark contrast with previous studies showing that singly purified proteins from the complex binding with much weaker affinities.
Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of FoxC2 and ETV2 Transcription Factors written by John Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Functional Studies on Human Transcriptional Elongation Factor TFIIS written by Choonju Jeon and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of a Eukaryotic Transcription Factor and a Bacterial Quorum Quenching Enzyme written by Ce Feng Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Of Urfs And Orfs written by Russell F. Doolittle and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 1986 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these days of facile cloning and rapid DNA sequencing, it is not uncommon for investigators to find themselves with a DNA sequence that may or may not code for a known gene product. The sequence is 'open' when read in an appropriate frame, which is to say that there is a long run of amino acid codons before the appearance of a terminator codon. How can we find out if this 'unidentified reading frame' (URF) really codes for a genuine protein, and how can we identify it if it exists? There are two general strategies, both of which can also be applied to the characterization of any 'open reading frame' (ORF), whether or not it has been 'identified'. The first and simplest approach involves computer searching and analysis; the second employs antibodies raised against synthetic peptides patterned on the sequence of the expected gene product. Both methods have been used with great success by many investigators. Each has, nonetheless, its pitfalls and frustrations. This primer is meant to guide the researcher past those obstacles as much as possible. Graduate students and researchers interested in amino acid sequencing; molecular biologists, biochemists, chemists, and biotechnologists.
Download or read book Biochemistry and Cell Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods in Yeast Genetics written by David C. Amberg and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Methods in Yeast Genetics" is a course that has been offered annually at Cold Spring Harbor for the last 30 years. This provides a set of teaching experiments along with the protocols and recipes for the standard techniques and reagents used in the study of yeast biology.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electrochemistry written by Vladimir S. Bagotsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-12-02 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Electrochemistry provides the basic outline of most topics of theoretical and applied electrochemistry for students not yet familiar with this field, as well as an outline of recent and advanced developments in electrochemistry for people who are already dealing with electrochemical problems. The content of this edition is arranged so that all basic information is contained in the first part of the book, which is now rewritten and simplified in order to make it more accessible and used as a textbook for undergraduate students. More advanced topics, of interest for postgraduate levels, come in the subsequent parts. This updated second edition focuses on experimental techniques, including a comprehensive chapter on physical methods for the investigation of electrode surfaces. New chapters deal with recent trends in electrochemistry, including nano- and micro-electrochemistry, solid-state electrochemistry, and electrocatalysis. In addition, the authors take into account the worldwide renewal of interest for the problem of fuel cells and include chapters on batteries, fuel cells, and double layer capacitors.
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Chromatin written by Jerry L. Workman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there has been an increasing number of books on various aspects of epigenetics, there has been a gap over the years in books that provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of chromatin. Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the genetic material of chromosomes. Its primary function is to package DNA to fit into the cell, to strengthen the DNA to prevent damage, to allow mitosis and meiosis, and to control the expression of genes and DNA replication. The audience for this book is mainly newly established scientists and graduate students. Rather than going into the more specific areas of recent research on chromatin the chapters in this book give a strong, updated groundwork about the topic. Some the fundamentals that this book will cover include the structure of chromatin and biochemistry and the enzyme complexes that manage it.
Download or read book Systems Biology in Toxicology and Environmental Health written by Rebecca Fry and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systems Biology in Toxicology and Environmental Health uses a systems biological perspective to detail the most recent findings that link environmental exposures to human disease, providing an overview of molecular pathways that are essential for cellular survival after exposure to environmental toxicants, recent findings on gene-environment interactions influencing environmental agent-induced diseases, and the development of computational methods to predict susceptibility to environmental agents. Introductory chapters on molecular and cellular biology, toxicology and computational biology are included as well as an assessment of systems-based tools used to evaluate environmental health risks. Further topics include research on environmental toxicants relevant to human health and disease, various high-throughput technologies and computational methods, along with descriptions of the biological pathways associated with disease and the developmental origins of disease as they relate to environmental contaminants. Systems Biology in Toxicology and Environmental Health is an essential reference for undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers looking for an introduction in the use of systems biology approaches to assess environmental exposures and their impacts on human health. - Provides the first reference of its kind, demonstrating the application of systems biology in environmental health and toxicology - Includes introductions to the diverse fields of molecular and cellular biology, toxicology, and computational biology - Presents a foundation that helps users understand the connections between the environment and health effects, and the biological mechanisms that link them
Download or read book Transcription and Splicing written by B. D. Hames and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a co-ordinated review of our present knowledge of eukaryotic RNA synthesis.
Download or read book Brassinosteroids Plant Growth and Development written by Shamsul Hayat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The entire range of the developmental process in plants is regulated by a shift in the hormonal concentration, tissue sensitivity and their interaction with the factors operating around the plants. Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating the direction of plant in a coordinated fashion in association with metabolism that provides energy and the building blocks to generate the form that we recognize as a plant. Out of the recognized hormones, attention has largely been focused on Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene and more recently on Brassinosteroids. In this book we are providing the information about a brassinosteroids that again confirm its status as phytohormones because it has significant impact on various aspects of the plant life and its ubiquitous distribution throughout the plant kingdom. Brassinosteroids are generating a significant impact on plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake and transport, induces specific changes in leaf anatomy and chloroplast structure. This book is not an encyclopedia of reviews but includes a selected collection of newly written, integrated, illustrated reviews describing our knowledge of brassinosteroids. The aim of this book is to tell all about brassinosteroids, by the present time. The various chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects and may serve as baseline information for future researches through which significant development is possible. It is intended that this book will be useful to the students, teachers and researchers, both in universities and research institutes, especially in relation to biological and agricultural sciences.
Download or read book Chromatin and Disease written by Tapas K. Kundu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-04 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes a collection of articles with the broad theme of disease connection to chromatin structure and function. It elaborates on the molecular pharmacology of the drugs targeting chromatin structure and its components. The book contains up-to-date information about the chromatin structure and chromatin related diseases and drug functions. This work is the first endeavor to present different aspects encompassing the above theme.
Download or read book Genomics Circuits and Pathways in Clinical Neuropsychiatry written by Thomas Lehner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This foundational work comprehensively examines the current state of the genetics, genomics and brain circuitry of psychiatric and neurological disorders. It consolidates discoveries of specific genes and genomic regions associated with these conditions, the genetic and anatomic architecture of these syndromes, and addresses how recent advances in genomics are leading to a reappraisal of the biology underlying clinical neuroscience. In doing so, it critically examines the promise and limitations of these discoveries toward treatment, and to the interdisciplinary nature of understanding brain and behavior. Coverage includes new discoveries regarding autism, epilepsy, intellectual disability, dementias, movement disorders, language impairment, disorders of attention, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Genomics, Circuits, and Pathways in Clinical Neuropsychiatry focuses on key concepts, challenges, findings, and methods in genetics, genomics, molecular pathways, brain circuitry, and related neurobiology of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. - Provides interdisciplinary appeal in psychiatry, neurology, neuroscience, and genetics - Identifies key concepts, methods, and findings - Includes coverage of multiple disorders from autism to schizophrenia - Reviews specific genes associated with disorders - Discusses the genetic architecture of these syndromes - Explains how recent findings are influencing the understanding of biology - Clarifies the promise of these findings for future treatment
