Download or read book Strength and Ductility of Bainitic Steels written by Donald H. Desy and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the factors believed to affect the strength and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of bainitic steels, including mean ferrite path and degree of internal strain, have been studied. Strength was measured by diamond pyramid hardness, and transition temperature was obtained from a tensile impact test on small notched specimens. Seven laboratory heats of carbon-molybdenum steel and two heats of carbon steel were transformed isothermally to bainite at various temperatures and tested. Mean-ferrite-path measurements were made on electron micrographs of three of these steels. The mean ferrite path was found to have only a slight effect on the strength of bainite and no effect on the transition temperature. Preliminary measurements of X-ray line broadening indicate that the degree of internal strain may be the controlling factor in determining the strength of bainite. The transition temperatures of the bainites fell within a band between -80 and -160 degrees C and did not vary regularly with hardness, carbon or alloy content, or mean ferrite path. In the SAE 1062 steel at high strength levels, bainite has a transition temperature lower than that of tempered martensite at the same strength level.
Download or read book Bainite in Steels written by Harshad Kumar Dharamshi Hansraj Bhadeshia and published by Maney Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this modern classic encompasses the latest research, which sees bainitic alloys at the forefront of a new wave of "designed" steels. Contents include: Nomenclature; Introduction; Bainitic Ferrite; Carbide Precipitation; Tempering of Bainite; Thermodynamics; Kinetics; Upper and Lower Bainite; Stress and Strain Effects; Reverse Transformation from Bainite to Austenite; Acicular Ferrite; Other Morphologies of Bainite; Mechanical Properties; Modern Bainitic Alloys;Other Aspects; The Transformation of Steel.
Download or read book Bainite and Martensite written by Carlos Garcia-Mateo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microstructures of both martensite and bainite, although sharing some common features, depict a plethora of subtle differences that made them unique when studied in further detail. Tailoring the final properties of a microstructure based on one or the other as well as in combination with others and exploring more sophisticated concepts, such as Q&P and nanostructured bainite, are the topics which are the focus of research around the world. In understanding the key microstructural parameters controlling the final properties as well as definition of adequate process parameters to attain the desired microstructures requires that a proper understanding of the mechanism ruling their transformation and a detailed characterization first be acheived. The development of new and powerful scientific techniques and equipment (EBSD, APT, HRTEM, etc.) allow us to gain fundamental insights that help to establish some of the principles by which those microstructures are known. The developments accompanying such findings lead to further developments and intensive research providing the required metallurgical support.
Download or read book New Advanced Ultra High Strength Bainitic Steels Ductility and Formability DUCTAFORM written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this proposal is to develop AHSS both hot rolled and annealed cold rolled bainitic steels with an optimal ductility and work hardening comparable to drawing steels, and/or keeping a suitable bending and stretching behaviour. In addition, forming processes such as roll-forming and hardening, and press-hardening were optimised to achieve a carbide free bainitic microstructure in final products such as structural safety components in the car body i.e. A-beam, roof-beams, car bumpers and side impact beams. Hot rolling of carbide free bainitic steels with 1100 MPa of yield strength and high toughness (KV(-40oC)>30 J) was proved to be challenging. Apart of a high carbon content (̃0.3wt.%), chemical composition requires of a high manganese content (̃2wt.%), which leads to a high risk of banding. By contrast, annealed cold rolled bainitic steels designed for continuous annealing line achieved far higher uniform elongation, better stretching ability and formability than that in DP980 and Martensitic 1400 steels considering the same range of ultimate tensile strengths. Finally, roll-forming simulations of bainitic cold rolled steels obtained by interrupted quenching and salt bath at different temperatures showed an excellent formability without crack formation in comparison to martensitic 22MnB5 reference steel. Likewise, press-hardening trials of hat shaped profiles using a novel quench and partitioning post heat treatment of cold rolled designed steels showed promising tensile results in comparison to same commercial 22MnB5 profiles.
Download or read book Introduction to the Physical Metallurgy of Welding written by Kenneth Easterling and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to the Physical Metallurgy of Welding deals primarily with the welding of steels, which reflects the larger volume of literature on this material; however, many of the principles discussed can also be applied to other alloys. The book is divided into four chapters, in which the middle two deal with the microstructure and properties of the welded joint, such as the weld metal and the heat-affected zone. The first chapter is designed to provide a wider introduction to the many process variables of fusion welding, particularly those that may influence microstructure and properties, while the final chapter is concerned with cracking and fracture in welds. A comprehensive case study of the Alexander Kielland North Sea accommodation platform disaster is also discussed at the end. The text is written for undergraduate or postgraduate courses in departments of metallurgy, materials science, or engineering materials. The book will also serve as a useful revision text for engineers concerned with welding problems in industry.
Download or read book Technical Note National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics written by United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Transformations in Steels written by Elena Pereloma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-05-11 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processing-microstructure-property relationships in steels continue to present challenges to researchers because of the complexity of phase transformation reactions and the wide spectrum of microstructures and properties achievable. This major two-volume work summarises the current state of research on phase transformations in steels and its implications for the emergence of new steels with enhanced engineering properties. Volume 1 reviews fundamentals and diffusion-controlled phase transformations. After a historical overview, chapters in part one discuss fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics as well as phase boundary interfaces. Chapters in part two go on to consider ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations, pearlite formation and massive austenite-ferrite phase transformations. Part three discusses the mechanisms of bainite transformations, including carbide-containing and carbide-free bainite. The final part of the book considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations, dynamic strain-induced ferrite transformations (DIST) as well as the effects of magnetic fields and heating rates. With its distinguished editors and distinguished international team of contributors, the two volumes of Phase transformations in steels is a standard reference for all those researching the properties of steel and developing new steels in such areas as automotive engineering, oil and gas and energy production. Discusses the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics Considers various transformations, including ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations Considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations
Download or read book Characterisation and Development of Nanostructured Ultrahigh Strength and Ductile Bainitic Steels written by Mohamed Sherif and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the present work was to characterise and further develop a novel nanostructured type of bainitic steel. Three chemical compositions were considered with different concentrations of Al and Co. The addition of Al and Co is believed to be necessary to produce the desired nanostructure at very low temperatures within a reasonable transformation time. An overview of the mechanical performance of fully bainitic steels vs other steel systems is presented in Chapter 1. An introduction to metallurgical concepts regarding the design and performance of bainite steels is presented in Chapters 1 and 2. Chapter 2 focuses on the design concepts by which the steel chemical composition was optimised, primarily on the basis of cost and the avoidance of carbide precipitation. Chapter 3 deals with the evolution of the microstructure during uniaxial tension, studied using X-ray diffraction. The effect of tempering deformed and undeformed structures, and heating to high temperatures, have also been investigated. In this context, data on bainite-containing steels in the literature are found to be rather limited. Chapter 4 is a comprehensive assessment of the mechanical behaviour of the steels subjected to a variety of processing routes. It is demonstrated that it is possible to outperform current commercially available steels. The microstructural behaviour of strain-aged and as-transformed steels during uniaxial tension studied using in situ neutron diffraction is described in Chapter 5. The evolution of texture with plastic deformation was confirmed as previously observed using conventional X-ray analysis. Evidence regarding the presence of two populations of carbon-depleted and carbon-rich austenite and their response to strain, grain rotation, anisotropy, stress partitioning between phases and the lack of work-hardening to overcome the onset of necking are presented.
Download or read book Steels written by Robert William Kerr Honeycombe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-02-12 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of steels depend critically on their microstructure. By examining the mechanical properties of steels in conjunction with microstructure, the first edition gave a clear description of the development and behavior of these materials - the very foundation of their widespread use. This new edition more explicitly links this theory with applications while retaining the style and purpose of its predecessor.
Download or read book Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Iron Steel and Their Alloys Online Version written by Rafael Colás and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 3918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
Download or read book Alloying Elements in Steel written by Edgar Collins Bain and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bainite in Steels written by H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third edition of the book, much expanded to include and incorporate important developments in the subject over the last fifteen years. The book represents a comprehensive treatise on all aspects of the bainite transformation, from the choreography of atoms during the phase change to length scales that are typical of engineering applications. The alloy design that emerges from this explains the role of solute additions, and the pernicious effects of impurities such as hydrogen. The picture presented is self-consistent and therefore is able to guide the reader on the exploitation of theory to the design of some of the most exciting steels, including the world’s first bulk nanostructured metal.
Download or read book Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability written by Baldev Raj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 1487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses Referenzwerk in drei handlichen Bänden bietet einen detaillierten Überblick über Anwendungen der Nanotechnologie im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit in der Energieversorgung. Der erste Band dieses klar strukturierten Nachschlagewerks behandelt nach der Einleitung die Themen Energieerzeugung, erneuerbare Energien, Energiespeicherung, Energieverteilung sowie Energieumwandlung und Energy-Harvesting. Im zweiten Band werden auf Nanotechnologie basierte Materialen, Energieeinsparung und -management, technologische und urheberrechtlich relevante Fragen, Märkte und Umweltsanierung erörtert. Der dritte Band wirft einen Blick in die Zukunft, auf technologische Fortschritte und gibt Empfehlungen. Ein wichtiges Handbuch für alle Experten auf diesem Gebiet, von Forschern und Ingenieuren im wissenschaftlichen Bereich bis hin zu Entwicklern in der Industrie.
Download or read book Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels written by Nina Fonstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-01 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers all types of advanced high strength steels ranging from dual-phase, TRIP. Complex phase, martensitic, TWIP steels to third generation steels, including promising candidates as carbide free bainitic steels, med Mn and Quenching & Partitioning processed steels. The author presents fundamentals of physical metallurgy of key features of structure and relationship of structure constituents with mechanical properties as well as basics of processing AHSS starting from most important features of intercritical heat treatment, with focus on critical phase transformations and influence of alloying and microalloying. This book intends to summarize the existing knowledge to show how it can be utilized for optimization and adaption of steel composition, processing, and for additional improvement of steel properties that should be recommended to engineering personal of steel designers, producers and end users of AHSS as well as to students of colleges and Universities who deal with materials for auto industry.
Download or read book Physical Metallurgy and the Design of Steels written by F. B. Pickering and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetics and Microstructural Evolutions During the Tempering of Martensitic and Nano bainitic Low Alloyed Steel written by Steve Gaudez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano-bainitic steels represent a new class of alloys, whose microstructure consists of nanostructured bainitic ferrite formed at low temperature with a high amount of retained austenite leading to a high ductility and high tensile strength of the steel. Formation of nano-bainite has been studied thoroughly in literature as well as tempering of nano-bainitic steels. More recently it has been shown that adding carbide forming elements such as V and Mo increases the resistance to softening and hence the mechanical properties of nano-bainite at moderate temperature. Investigating the secondary carbide precipitation inside a nano-bainitic microstructure is thus necessary to optimize the thermal treatments for this promising new class of steels. Three initial microstructures of the same steel composition are investigated: martensite, martensite + retained austenite and nano-bainite. Studying the more conventional case of martensite has served as a basis to better understand the microstructure evolutions inside the nano-bainitic steel. The microstructural evolutions during the tempering were followed by complementary experimental techniques including dilatometry, in situ high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), conventional and high resolution TEM. The sequence of carbides precipitation and dissolution (transition-iron-carbides, cementite, and alloyed carbides) both during heating and holding is shown similar for the three initial microstructures. The kinetics are similar as well as cementite chemical composition and size distributions of cementite and alloyed carbides. It has been shown too that the three microstructures present a high retained austenite stability. Moreover, the analyses of the lattice parameters evolutions all along the tempering treatment associated with carbon mass balances have allowed to better understand the carbon distributions between carbides and matrix phases. The nucleation and growth model from a previous work was upgraded to take into account secondary precipitation and different new features (e.g. para-equilibrium interface condition for first stage of cementite growth, etc.). This model predicts the kinetics of precipitation, the particle densities and size distributions as well as matrix and carbides mean composition for different tempering conditions. Apart from the comparison with the experimental results that is discussed, it allowed to interpret the similar tempering behaviour for the three initial microstructures.
