Download or read book Risk Aspects of Investment Based Social Security Reform written by John Y. Campbell and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-02-15 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our current social security system operates on a pay-as-you-go basis; benefits are paid almost entirely out of current revenues. As the ratio of retirees to taxpayers increases, concern about the high costs of providing benefits in a pay-as-you-go system has led economists to explore other options. One involves "prefunding," in which a person's withholdings are invested in financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, the eventual returns from which would fund his or her retirement. The risks such a system would introduce—such as the volatility in the market prices of investment assets—are the focus of this offering from the NBER. Exploring the issues involved in measuring risk and developing models to reflect the risks of various investment-based systems, economists evaluate the magnitude of the risks that both retirees and taxpayers would assume. The insights that emerge show that the risk is actually moderate relative to the improved return, as well as being balanced by the ability of an investment-based system to adapt to differences in individual preferences and conditions.

Download or read book Women and Financial Education Evidence Policy Responses and Guidance written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides policy guidance to help policy makers address women's and girls' needs for financial education, and a comprehensive analysis of the current status of knowledge on gender differences in financial literacy and policy responses in terms of financial education for women and girls.

Download or read book Stockholding in Europe written by L. Guiso and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-11-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has been a time of drastic developments, both in financial markets and in related academic research. Among the most striking developments are the expanded stockholder base, the increased popularity of mutual funds among households, and the growing importance of private pension funds. Developments in Europe mirror to a large extent the spread of equity culture in the United States, but with lower levels of involvement and interesting differences across European countries. This book, intended for a wide audience of students, practitioners, and policy makers, provides the theoretical and methodological background necessary for analysis of stockholding behaviour, and presents empirical studies that use the most comprehensive household-level databases to identify determinants of stockholding in five major European countries.

Download or read book Household Portfolios written by Luigi Guiso and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical and empirical analysis of the structure of household portfolios.

Download or read book Stock Market Participation written by Adrian Schmid and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-13 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.3, University of Frankfurt (Main), language: English, abstract: The field of household finance is confronted with the phenomena called "stock market participation puzzle" (Haliassos, 2003) which describes that most households do not hold stocks, despite that there are higher expected returns on stocks than on risk free assets (Haliassos, 2003). According to Haliassos and Bertaut (1995), 75% of households in the United States do not own stocks directly although returns on equity exceed the returns on risk free assets. This issue does not only concern households themselves, financial intermediaries, and stock issuers. It is also relevant for questions concerning privatisation, asset pricing, and tax rates on capital gains (Haliassos and Bertaut, 1995). The participation rate can directly affect the equity premium as argued by Mankiw and Zeldes (1991), and Heaton and Lucas (1999). Stock market participation in this seminar thesis refers to households participating in the market by holding stocks, excluding retirement accounts. The purpose is to demonstrate five factors discussed in financial literature that contribute to solve the stock market participation puzzle or reasons why limited stock market participation can be observed: Deviation from standard expected utility (Haliassos, 2003; Epstein and Zin, 1990; Haliassos and Hassapis, 1999; Diecidue and Wakker, 2001; Haliassos and Bertaut, 1995), more restricted borrowing constraints (Constantinides, Donaldson, and Mehra, 2002; Cocco, Gomes, and Maenhout, 2005; Haliassos, 2003), participation and entry costs (Guiso and Japelli, 2004; Gollier, 2002; Haliassos and Michaelides, 2003; Paiella, 2001; Vissing-Jorgensen, 2002; Haliassos, 2003), lack of financial awareness (Guiso and Jappelli, 2004), and financial illiteracy (van Rooij, Lusardi, and Alessie, 2007; Arrondel, Debbich, and Savignac, 2012; King and Leape, 1987).

Download or read book Aging and the Macroeconomy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.

Download or read book Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Finance written by Krzysztof Jajuga and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-06-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume continues to highlight the latest research contributions presented at the annual Wroclaw conference in Finance (Poland), covering a wide range of topics in the field. The chapters reflect the extent, diversity, and richness of research areas, and discuss both fundamental and applied finance. A detailed analysis of current financial-market problems including specifics of Polish and Central European markets is also part of this volume. Selected chapters also examine the results of advanced financial modeling. These proceedings are a valuable resource for researchers in universities and research and policy institutions, graduate students and practitioners in economics, finance and international economics in both private and government institutions.

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Finance written by G. Constantinides and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-04 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arbitrage, State Prices and Portfolio Theory / Philip h. Dybvig and Stephen a. Ross / - Intertemporal Asset Pricing Theory / Darrell Duffle / - Tests of Multifactor Pricing Models, Volatility Bounds and Portfolio Performance / Wayne E. Ferson / - Consumption-Based Asset Pricing / John y Campbell / - The Equity Premium in Retrospect / Rainish Mehra and Edward c. Prescott / - Anomalies and Market Efficiency / William Schwert / - Are Financial Assets Priced Locally or Globally? / G. Andrew Karolyi and Rene M. Stuli / - Microstructure and Asset Pricing / David Easley and Maureen O'hara / - A Survey of Behavioral Finance / Nicholas Barberis and Richard Thaler / - Derivatives / Robert E. Whaley / - Fixed-Income Pricing / Qiang Dai and Kenneth J. Singleton.

Download or read book Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation written by Maarten van Rooij and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals are increasingly put in charge of their financial security after retirement. Moreover, the supply of complex financial products has increased considerably over the years. However, we still have little or no information about whether individuals have the financial knowledge and skills to navigate this new financial environment. To better understand financial literacy and its relation to financial decision-making, we have devised two special modules for the DNB Household Survey. We have designed questions to measure numeracy and basic knowledge related to the working of inflation and interest rates, as well as questions to measure more advanced financial knowledge related to financial market instruments (stocks, bonds, and mutual funds). We evaluate the importance of financial literacy by studying its relation to the stock market: Are more financially knowledgeable individuals more likely to hold stocks? To assess the direction of causality, we make use of questions measuring financial knowledge before investing in the stock market. We find that, while the understanding of basic economic concepts related to inflation and interest rate compounding is far from perfect, it outperforms the limited knowledge of stocks and bonds, the concept of risk diversification, and the working of financial markets. We also find that the measurement of financial literacy is very sensitive to the wording of survey questions. This provides additional evidence for limited financial knowledge. Finally, we report evidence of an independent effect of financial literacy on stock market participation: Those who have low financial literacy are significantly less likely to invest in stocks.

Download or read book Public Participation in the Stock Market written by Sloan J. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toward Rational Exuberance written by B. Mark Smith and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2001 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the evolution of popular theories of stock market behavior, showing how they have become widely accepted over time and clarifying some of those them.

Download or read book Living with Defined Contribution Pensions written by Olivia S. Mitchell and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 1998-05-29 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of Contents

Download or read book The Economics of Risk and Time written by Christian Gollier and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updates and advances the theory of expected utility as applied to risk analysis and financial decision making.

Download or read book Down Or Out written by Laurent E. Calvet and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the efficiency of household investment decisions in a unique dataset containing the disaggregated wealth and income of the entire population of Sweden. The analysis focuses on two main sources of inefficiency in the financial portfolio: underdiversification of risky assets ("down") and nonparticipation in risky asset markets ("out"). We find that while a few households are very poorly diversified, the cost of diversification mistakes is quite modest for most of the population. For instance, a majority of participating Swedish households are sufficiently diversified internationally to outperform the Sharpe ratio of their domestic stock market. We document that households with greater financial sophistication tend to invest more efficiently but also more aggressively, so the welfare cost of portfolio inefficiency tends to be greater for these households. The welfare cost of nonparticipation is smaller by almost one half when we take account of the fact that nonparticipants would be unlikely to invest efficiently if they participated in risky asset markets.

Download or read book Cultural Finance A World Map Of Risk Time And Money written by Thorsten Hens and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of cultural finance. It summarizes research results of cultural differences in financial decision making and financial markets. Many of the results have been published in leading academic journals over the last ten years but some are presented here for the first time. The book is based on an international survey on risk and time preferences — the INTRA study, conducted in 53 countries worldwide. Applications to financial markets include the equity premium puzzle, the value premium, dividend payout policies and asset allocations.

Download or read book The Profit Paradox written by Jan Eeckhout and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-25 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering account of the surging global tide of market power—and how it stifles workers around the world In an era of technological progress and easy communication, it might seem reasonable to assume that the world’s working people have never had it so good. But wages are stagnant and prices are rising, so that everything from a bottle of beer to a prosthetic hip costs more. Economist Jan Eeckhout shows how this is due to a small number of companies exploiting an unbridled rise in market power—the ability to set prices higher than they could in a properly functioning competitive marketplace. Drawing on his own groundbreaking research and telling the stories of common workers throughout, he demonstrates how market power has suffocated the world of work, and how, without better mechanisms to ensure competition, it could lead to disastrous market corrections and political turmoil. The Profit Paradox describes how, over the past forty years, a handful of companies have reaped most of the rewards of technological advancements—acquiring rivals, securing huge profits, and creating brutally unequal outcomes for workers. Instead of passing on the benefits of better technologies to consumers through lower prices, these “superstar” companies leverage new technologies to charge even higher prices. The consequences are already immense, from unnecessarily high prices for virtually everything, to fewer startups that can compete, to rising inequality and stagnating wages for most workers, to severely limited social mobility. A provocative investigation into how market power hurts average working people, The Profit Paradox also offers concrete solutions for fixing the problem and restoring a healthy economy.

Download or read book Mapping the Markets written by Deborah Owen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global financial markets turn over billions of dollars daily. An array of different instruments is available to trade in these markets, ranging from simple stocks and shares to exotic creatures such as butterfly spreads. Participation at any level involves taking a view as to which way the market in question will move. There are essentially only two methods for analysing the future direction of the markets in equities, currencies, interest rates or commodities: one involves fundamental analysis, the other technical analysis. The two camps of investment analysts are separated by a wide gulf of distrust and suspicion. This book seeks to bridge the gap between the two disciplines and show how you can benefit from both, highlighting: • The tools you can use for mapping the markets—to understand what causes shifts in the trend and underlying forces that affect the economy and therefore the financial markets • The long-term cyclical drivers—how economic change is triggered by technological change, and the technological changes that will drive the markets in the future • Downward phases of the cycle—and the factors that cause them • The markets and sectors that will prosper in the future. As the world of investment gets ever more complicated and faster, Mapping the Markets will provide an invaluable route to improving your chances of investment success and avoiding investment distress, whether you are a long-term investor or a short-term trader.