Download or read book Stateless Babies Adoption Scams written by Seema Mohapatra and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Truth is often stranger than fiction, and nowhere is this more evident than when examining the real stories related to international commercial surrogacy that have occurred in the last few years. This Article utilizes these recent cases to analyze this industry using a bioethical lens. Bioethicists use stories effectively to demonstrate how theory and normative ideals apply to real world situations. By detailing examples of some of the unique scenarios that have arisen in far-flung cities of India, the United States, and the Ukraine, this Article highlights some of the bioethical dilemmas such stories raise. This Article examines these stories using the classic theoretical bioethics framework to demonstrate the need for clarification of state or national regulation and international guidelines related to international surrogacy. Global surrogacy is more popular than ever due to advances in technology allowing for gestational surrogacy, rather than traditional surrogacy. In a traditional surrogacy arrangement, a surrogate becomes pregnant via artificial insemination by sperm from the intended father or donor sperm. Because her own egg contributes to the embryo, a traditional surrogate carries her own genetically related child and agrees to give it up upon the baby's birth. Due to well publicized cases where traditional surrogates decide they wish to raise the infant that they have carried, and due to public sympathy of these surrogates due to their genetic tie to the infant, gestational surrogacy, where there is no such genetic tie, has become vastly more popular than traditional surrogacy. Gestational surrogacy refers to the process whereby an embryo is created with an egg and sperm from the intended parents (or from donor eggs and sperm) through an in vitro fertilization procedure and is then transferred into the uterus of a genetically unrelated surrogate. Gestational surrogacy has largely replaced traditional surrogacy in the world of international surrogacy - and it is indeed a “world” of international surrogacy. The popularity of medical tourism, whereby consumers of health care travel around the world to receive cheaper medical care, has spread to reproductive tourism. International or global surrogacy is a booming business. Although some have written with concern about the potential exploitative nature of international surrogacy, the Western press has mostly positive press reports about success stories in international surrogacy. Although many countries still prohibit or restrict surrogacy arrangements, the market for international surrogacy is estimated to be six billion dollars annually worldwide. Some countries, such as India and Ukraine, wish to be seen as international surrogacy meccas by providing quality medical care for a low cost and attempting to provide the most legal protections for intended parents. In the United States and some European countries, the initial stigma associated with using a surrogate to build one's family than existed a few decades ago seems to have dissipated as these arrangements become more commonplace. Additionally, with the ability of intended parents to research distant parts of the world as potential surrogacy destinations and with lower costs associated with a competitive global marketplace, intended parents who were previously unable to consider a surrogacy arrangement due to financial constraints, are viable fertility tourists. This Article uses cases of surrogacy in Ukraine, India, and the United States as examples. These countries have been at the forefront of the booming international surrogacy industry. The field of international surrogacy is relatively new, with participant countries competing to become known as leaders in this field. California has a long history with surrogacy. Due to its developed system of surrogacy, it is perceived as an attractive international surrogacy option for those who can afford the high cost of surrogacy in the United States. India has also emerged as a global leader in surrogacy in the developing world. Ukraine is quickly gaining traction as a destination of choice. This Article using these stories involving surrogacy in the United States, India, and Ukraine to highlight similarities and differences in the surrogacy experience in countries active in the international surrogacy market. This Article first tells the story of a recently uncovered baby-selling ring that exploited aspects of both surrogacy and adoption law and involved two countries active in international surrogacy: the United States (California specifically) and Ukraine. Then, this Article explores stories in India and Ukraine involving babies lost in legal limbo due to the inconsistencies of surrogacy law in different countries. Next, this article discusses the gestational surrogacy landscape in the United States, India, and Ukraine and examines the laws and regulations related to surrogacy that exist in each country. Finally, this Article discusses bioethical concerns raised by the stories as they relate to each of the parties involved in commercial surrogacy-the intended parents, the surrogates, and the infants. I use this bioethical framework to deconstruct the stories of commercial surrogacy to identify areas where the current global surrogacy market could stand to change.

Download or read book Determining Legal Parentage written by Yehezkel Margalit and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last few decades have witnessed dramatic changes affecting the institutions of family and parenthood. If, in the past, the classic family was defined sociologically as a pair of heterosexual parents living together under one roof along with their children, different sociological changes have led to a rapid and extreme transformation in the definitions of family, marital relations, parenthood, and the relationship between parents and children. Dr Yehezkel Margalit explores whether and to what extent there is room, legally and ethically, for the use of modern contractual devices and doctrines to privately regulate the establishment of legal parentage. This book offers intentional parenthood as the most appropriate and flexible normative doctrine for resolving the dilemmas which have surfaced in the field of determining legal parentage. By using the certainty of contract law, determining the legal status of parenthood will be seen as the best method to sort out ambiguities and assure both parental and children rights.

Download or read book Law and Global Health written by Michael Freeman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Legal Issues, like its sister volume Current Legal Problems (now available in journal format), is based upon an annual colloquium held at University College London. Each year leading scholars from around the world gather to discuss the relationship between law and another discipline of thought. Each colloquium examines how the external discipline is conceived in legal thought and argument, how the law is pictured in that discipline, and analyses points of controversy in the use, and abuse, of extra-legal arguments within legal theory and practice. Law and Global Health, the sixteenth volume in the Current Legal Issues series, offers an insight into the scholarship examining the relationship between global health and the law. Covering a wide range of areas from all over the world, articles in the volume look at areas of human rights, vulnerable populations, ethical issues, legal responses and governance.

Download or read book The Psychology of Fraud Persuasion and Scam Techniques written by Martina Dove and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychology of Fraud, Persuasion and Scam Techniques provides an in-depth explanation of not only why we fall for scams and how fraudsters use technology and other techniques to manipulate others, but also why fraud prevention advice is not always effective. Starting with how fraud victimisation is perceived by society and why fraud is underreported, the book explores the different types of fraud and the human and demographic factors that make us vulnerable. It explains how fraud has become increasingly sophisticated and how fraudsters use communication, deception and theories of rationality, cognition and judgmental heuristics, as well as specific persuasion and scam techniques, to encourage compliance. Covering frauds including romance scams and phishing attacks such as advance fee frauds and so-called miracle cures, the book explores ways we can learn to spot scams and persuasive communication, with checklists and advice for reflection and protection. Featuring a set of practical guidelines to reduce fraud vulnerability, advice on how to effectively report fraud and educative case studies and examples, this easy-to-read, instructive book is essential reading for fraud prevention specialists, fraud victims and academics and students interested in the psychology of fraud.

Download or read book Research Handbook on Surrogacy and the Law written by Katarina Trimmings and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-14 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential Research Handbook provides a multifaceted exploration of surrogacy and the law, examining a variety of critical yet under-researched perspectives including globalisation, power, gender, sexual orientation, genetics, human rights and family relations. It covers four distinct topics: surrogacy and rights, the interplay between surrogacy and different areas of the law, cross-border aspects, and regional perspectives.

Download or read book Nationality of Foundlings written by Mai Kaneko-Iwase and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book dedicated to clarifying the concept of “foundlings” and how to best prevent their statelessness in light of the object and purpose of Article 2 of the 1961 UN Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness and equivalent nationality law provisions. Among other features, the book defines the terms “foundling,” including the maximum age limit of the child to be considered a “foundling”; “unknown parents”; being “found” in a territory; and “proof to the contrary”; as well as the procedural issues such as the appropriate burden and standard of proof. In doing so, the book draws upon a comparative analysis of national legislation on “foundlings” covering 193 states, case law, and precedents in some states as well as international human rights law norms including the best interests of the child. As its conclusion, the book proposes an inclusive model “foundling provision” and a commentary to inform legislative efforts and interpretation of the existing provisions. Its findings are useful not only to state parties to the 1961 Convention but also to non-state parties, particularly in countries lacking systematic civil documentation or experiencing the effects of armed conflicts, migration, trafficking, and displacement.

Download or read book Laws and Policies on Surrogacy written by Harleen Kaur and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an essential guide on surrogacy, discussing various legal issues that arise in surrogacy cases. It provides a comprehensive coverage to various issues pertaining to surrogacy arrangements due to failure to meet the needs of those involved in surrogacy, be it the intended parents or the surrogate mother, with special emphasis on the most vulnerable party -- the surrogate child. In the wake of this existing imbalance, the call to reform the practice of surrogacy has also increased. The book provides a comprehensive coverage to various laws and policy regulations in existence dealing with surrogacy, and unravels the latest trends and developments happening around the world as surrogacy gains importance. The international perspectives highlight policies and practices being adopted and followed by various nations with regard to surrogacy regulation and associated parenthood rules. This book also analyses some of the significant cross-border disputes revolving around surrogacy, and explores briefly the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on matters of parentage and citizenship for children born of trans-national surrogacy with special reference to the prospects of a convention on international surrogacy currently being studied by The Hague Conference on Private International Law. Further, it highlights the issues and questions relating to surrogacy arrangements that are so far unresolved and unanswered and suggests measures for improvements to the existing proposed surrogacy legislation in India and need for uniform international regulation. The book is a great resource for legal practitioners, academics, students, policy-makers, infertility clinics, and charitable organizations working on this issue.

Download or read book Designing Babies written by Robert Klitzman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing Babies examines the ethical, social, and policy concerns surrounding the use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). Basing his analysis on in-depth interviews with providers and patients, Robert Klitzman provides vital insights, guidance, and specific policy recommendations for understanding and regulating these procedures.

Download or read book A Critical Evaluation of Legal Social Aspects of Surrogacy in India written by Dr. Manpreet Kaur Rajpal and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2022-08-30 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surrogacy is an arrangement, often supported by a legal agreement, whereby a woman agrees to delivery/labour for another person or people, who will become the child's parent(s) after birth. People may seek a surrogacy arrangement when pregnancy is medically impossible, when pregnancy risks are dangerous for the intended mother, or when a single man or a male couple wish to have a child. Surrogacy is considered one of many assisted reproductive technologies. In surrogacy arrangements, monetary compensation may or may not be involved. Receiving money for the arrangement is known as commercial surrogacy. The legality and cost of surrogacy varies widely between jurisdictions, sometimes resulting in problematic international or interstate surrogacy arrangements. Couples seeking a surrogacy arrangement in a country where it is banned sometimes travel to a jurisdiction that permits it. In some countries, surrogacy is legal only if money does not exchange hands.

Download or read book Bioethics in Action written by Françoise Baylis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speaking from and to the growing movement among academics to become involved with 'socially-engaged' work, this volume presents first-person case studies of attempts to fix serious ethical problems in medical practice and research. It highlights the critical difference between the pundit approach to bioethics and the interventional approach - the talkers and the doers - and points to how abused and damaged the doers often end up. Chapters cover a diverse set of topics, including the troubling influence of for-profit businesses on public health policy, the politics of exposing histories of unjust medical research, the challenges of patient rights' work in sexuality and reproduction, collaborations between NGOs and academics, methods for changing entrenched yet harmful medical practices, engaging public policy through educating governmental leaders, and whistleblowing. The trending interest in the interplay of academia and advocacy and the growing importance of 'socially-engaged' work by academics make this a timely and much-needed resource.

Download or read book Outsourcing the Womb written by France Winddance Twine and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through case studies, Outsourcing the Womb, Second Edition provides a critical analysis and global tour of the international surrogacy landscape in Egypt, India, China, Japan, Israel, Ukraine, the European Union and the United States. By providing a comparative analysis of countries that have very different policies, this book disentangles the complex role that race, religion, class inequality, legal regimes, and global capitalism play in the gestational surrogacy market. This book provides an intersectional frame of analysis in which multiple forms of social inequality and power differences become institutionalized and restrict the access of some individuals and families while privileging others, and concludes with a discussion of "reproductive justice" and "reproductive liberty." It is an ideal addition to courses on social problems, race, gender, and inequality.

Download or read book Bioethics written by Stephen Holland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to contemporary bioethics. It also presents provocative, philosophically informed arguments on current bioethical issues. Holland engages with debates ranging from the more familiar such as euthanasia, advance decisions to refuse treatment, and new reproductive technologies to the philosophical implications of recent developments in genetics, including prenatal genetic therapy, genetic enhancement and human cloning. The book is built around four crucial themes. The first is moral status: what are the implications of the moral status of human embryos or animals for our biomedical practices? The second theme life, death and killing looks at the ethics of ending, or failing to lengthen, human life. Holland then explores various questions of personal identity raised in contemporary bioethical debates. Finally, he presents and develops a version of the argument from nature which continues to be influential in bioethics in order to make sense of the objection that some biomedical innovations are unnatural. Structuring the discussions in this way creates an engaging introduction to bioethics that is an ideal textbook for students, whilst offering much to stimulate colleagues in the field. This second edition has been thoroughly and comprehensively updated to reflect the most recent advances in bioethics, and includes an entirely new chapter on the ethical treatment of patients in the minimally conscious state.

Download or read book Human Trafficking and Exploitation written by Belachew Gebrewold and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human trafficking is a serious human rights violation that leads to the gross exploitation of its victims, who are coerced into forced labor and slavery across the globe. As the current migration movement and refugee situation reaches crisis point in Europe, the risk of human trafficking from the Mediterranean Sea through Italy into Central and Western Europe has become a critical emergency. Focusing on human trafficking along this route into Europe, this book discusses the systematic exploitation of victims and the subsequent violation of human rights within an international context, providing an overview of the causes, regulation and prevention of the issue. Academic researchers, practitioners and policy-makers are brought together to provide both theoretical perspectives and practice-based approaches for addressing the issue of human trafficking. As well as scholarly contributions from experts in the field, the book also includes experiences and strategies of policy-makers and practitioners from governmental and non-governmental organizations, along with the real-life scenarios and practice reports. Human Trafficking and Exploitation should be considered essential reading for academics, policy-makers, advocates and activists interested in preventing human trafficking and protecting human rights. It will also be of interest to those with research interests within the broader themes of law, politics and international relations and social and health policy.

Download or read book The Afterlife of Reproductive Slavery written by Alys Eve Weinbaum and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Afterlife of Reproductive Slavery Alys Eve Weinbaum investigates the continuing resonances of Atlantic slavery in the cultures and politics of human reproduction that characterize contemporary biocapitalism. As a form of racial capitalism that relies on the commodification of the human reproductive body, biocapitalism is dependent upon what Weinbaum calls the slave episteme—the racial logic that drove four centuries of slave breeding in the Americas and Caribbean. Weinbaum outlines how the slave episteme shapes the practice of reproduction today, especially through use of biotechnology and surrogacy. Engaging with a broad set of texts, from Toni Morrison's Beloved and Octavia Butler's dystopian speculative fiction to black Marxism, histories of slavery, and legal cases involving surrogacy, Weinbaum shows how black feminist contributions from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s constitute a powerful philosophy of history—one that provides the means through which to understand how reproductive slavery haunts the present.

Download or read book Assisted Reproduction written by Alexandra E. Sigillo and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) allows people who are infertile the opportunity to conceive children and form much desired families. Over the past few decades, the number of ART procedures conducted in the United States has steadily increased, in part affected by the growing number of women trying to conceive later in their reproductive lives. This demographic shift in baby making has widened to include a variety of other people who experience social infertility, from single persons to same-sex couples. Media exposure and political attention to the use of ART have aroused public concern and controversy. In Assisted Reproduction, Alexandra E. Sigillo and Monica K. Miller explore how media, personal differences, societal influences, and psychological processes shape community sentiment toward ART and ART-related laws and policies. This book is recommended for students and scholars of psychology, sociology, gender and women’s studies, communication studies, public health, and legal studies.

Download or read book Culture of Death written by Wesley J. Smith and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When his teenage son Christopher, brain-damaged in an auto accident, developed a 105-degree fever following weeks of unconsciousness, John Campbell asked the attending physician for help. The doctor refused. Why bother? The boy’s life was effectively over. Campbell refused to accept this verdict. He demanded treatment and threatened legal action. The doctor finally relented. With treatment, Christopher’s temperature—which had eventually reached 107.6 degrees—subsided almost immediately. Soon afterward the boy regained consciousness and was learning to walk again. This story is one of many Wesley J. Smith recounts in his award-winning classic critique of the modern bioethics movement, Culture of Death. In this newly updated edition, Smith chronicles how the threats to the equality of human life have accelerated in recent years, from the proliferation of euthanasia and the Brittany Maynard assisted suicide firestorm, to the potential for “death panels” posed by Obamacare and the explosive Terri Schiavo controversy. Culture of Death reveals how more and more doctors have withdrawn from the Hippocratic Oath and how “bioethicists” influence policy by posing questions such as whether organs may be harvested from the terminally ill and disabled. This is a passionate yet coolly reasoned book about the current crisis in medical ethics by an author who has made “the new thanatology” his consuming interest.

Download or read book Cross Cultural Comparisons on Surrogacy and Egg Donation written by Sayani Mitra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to bring together an interdisciplinary collection of essays on surrogacy and egg donation from three socially, legally and culturally distinct countries - India, Israel and Germany. It presents contributions from experts in the field of social and cultural sciences, bioethics, law as well as psychology and provides critical-reflective comparative analysis of the socio-ethical factors shaping surrogacy and egg donation practices across these three countries. This book highlights the importance of a comparative perspective to ‘make sense’ of controversies and transitions in this highly contested area of artificial reproductive technologies. It demonstrates how local developments cannot be isolated from global events and vice versa. Therefore, this volume can be used as a standard reference for anyone seeking to understand surrogacy and egg donation from a macro-perspective in the next decade.