Download or read book Orbital Debris written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-07-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of space flight, the collision hazard in Earth orbit has increased as the number of artificial objects orbiting the Earth has grown. Spacecraft performing communications, navigation, scientific, and other missions now share Earth orbit with spent rocket bodies, nonfunctional spacecraft, fragments from spacecraft breakups, and other debris created as a byproduct of space operations. Orbital Debris examines the methods we can use to characterize orbital debris, estimates the magnitude of the debris population, and assesses the hazard that this population poses to spacecraft. Potential methods to protect spacecraft are explored. The report also takes a close look at the projected future growth in the debris population and evaluates approaches to reducing that growth. Orbital Debris offers clear recommendations for targeted research on the debris population, for methods to improve the protection of spacecraft, on methods to reduce the creation of debris in the future, and much more.
Download or read book Space Debris 2000 written by Joerg Bendisch and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of increasing and increasingly serious collisions of debris with the Space Shuttle, the 29 papers look at measuring and modelling space debris and meteoroids; risk analysis and protection; and mitigation measures, space debris handbooks, and standards. The topics include space-based observations of orbital debris, numerical and experimental studies of the shaped charge for assessing space debris, and self-induced collision hazard in high and moderate inclination satellite constellations. There is no index. c. Book News Inc.
Download or read book Space Debris written by Heiner Klinkrad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future evolution of the debris environment will be forecast on the basis of traffic models and possible hazard mitigation practices. The text shows how large trackable objects will have re-entry pinpointed and predictions made on related risk assessment for possible ground impact. Models will also be described for meteoroids which are also a prevailing risk.
Download or read book Sky Static written by Antony Milne and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2002-10-30 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space junk crashing into Earth is a real and escalating danger. Milne provides the first synthesis of the interdisciplinary work of the scientific community, which has been investigating how the satellite industry can be protected from manmade and natural space hazards. The result is an invaluable book for those concerned with space missions and space disasters, those worried about cosmic radiation and its effects on humans, members of the Spaceguard defense movement, and anyone concerned with defense and international cooperation efforts in general. Tens of millions of objects may exist in space, ranging in size from grains of sand to entire rocket boosters. Many fireballs seen in the skies, often thought to be UFOs, are in fact manmade debris. Plutonium and other highly toxic fuels from failed Russian craft have already contaminated inhabited areas of Central Asia. Natural hazards such as comet particles can travel at 100 times the speed of a bullet and can severely damage satellites. There is also the danger of spaceweather effects, such as cosmic rays, that could interfere with a spacecraft's electronics and interrupt the global transmission of telephones and television.
Download or read book Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-16 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derelict satellites, equipment and other debris orbiting Earth (aka space junk) have been accumulating for many decades and could damage or even possibly destroy satellites and human spacecraft if they collide. During the past 50 years, various National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) communities have contributed significantly to maturing meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) programs to their current state. Satellites have been redesigned to protect critical components from MMOD damage by moving critical components from exterior surfaces to deep inside a satellite's structure. Orbits are monitored and altered to minimize the risk of collision with tracked orbital debris. MMOD shielding added to the International Space Station (ISS) protects critical components and astronauts from potentially catastrophic damage that might result from smaller, untracked debris and meteoroid impacts. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Program examines NASA's efforts to understand the meteoroid and orbital debris environment, identifies what NASA is and is not doing to mitigate the risks posed by this threat, and makes recommendations as to how they can improve their programs. While the report identified many positive aspects of NASA's MMOD programs and efforts including responsible use of resources, it recommends that the agency develop a formal strategic plan that provides the basis for prioritizing the allocation of funds and effort over various MMOD program needs. Other necessary steps include improvements in long-term modeling, better measurements, more regular updates of the debris environmental models, and other actions to better characterize the long-term evolution of the debris environment.
Download or read book Orbital Debris A Chronology written by David S. F. Portree and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 37-year (1961-1998) history of orbital debris concerns. Tracks orbital debris hazard creation, research, observation, experimentation, management, mitigation, protection, and policy. Includes debris-producing, events; U.N. orbital debris treaties, Space Shuttle and space station orbital debris issues; ASAT tests; milestones in theory and modeling; uncontrolled reentries; detection system development; shielding development; geosynchronous debris issues, including reboost policies: returned surfaces studies, seminar papers reports, conferences, and studies; the increasing effect of space activities on astronomy; and growing international awareness of the near-Earth environment.
Download or read book Cyber War and Peace written by Scott J. Shackelford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The frontiers are the future of humanity. Peacefully and sustainably managing them is critical to both security and prosperity in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book The New NASA Orbital Debris Engineering Model Ordem2000 written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NASA Orbital Debris Program Office at Johnson Space Center has developed a new computer-based orbital debris engineering model, ORDEM2000, which describes the orbital debris environment in the low Earth orbit region between 200 and 2000 km altitude. The model is appropriate for those engineering solutions requiring knowledge and estimates of the orbital debris environment (debris spatial density, flux, etc.). ORDEM2000 can also be used as a benchmark for ground-based debris measurements and observations. We incorporated a large set of observational data, covering the object size range from 10 mm to 10 m, into the ORDEM2000 debris database, utilizing a maximum likelihood estimator to convert observations into debris population probability distribution functions. These functions then form the basis of debris populations. We developed a finite element model to process the debris populations to form the debris environment. A more capable input and output structure and a user-friendly graphical user interface are also implemented in the model. ORDEM2000 has been subjected to a significant verification and validation effort. This document describes ORDEM2000, which supersedes the previous model, ORDEM96. The availability of new sensor and in situ data, as well as new analytical techniques, has enabled the construction of this new model. Section 1 describes the general requirements and scope of an engineering model. Data analyses and the theoretical formulation of the model are described in Sections 2 and 3. Section 4 describes the verification and validation effort and the sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Finally, Section 5 describes the graphical user interface, software installation, and test cases for the user.Liou, Jer-Chyi and Matney, Mark J. and Anz-Meador, Phillip D. and Kessler, Donald and Jansen, Mark and Theall, Jeffery R.Johnson Space CenterCOMPUTER TECHNIQUES; LOW EARTH ORBITS; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; SPACE DEBRIS; COMPUTER PROGRAMMING; DA
Download or read book Technical Report on Space Debris written by United Nations. General Assembly. Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protecting the Space Station from Meteoroids and Orbital Debris written by Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-02-02 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spacecraft Collision Avoidance Technology written by Zhang Rongzhi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spacecraft Collision Avoidance Technology presents the theory and practice of space collision avoidance. The title gives models of time and space environment, their impact on high-precision orbit prediction, considers optimal orbit determination methods and models in different warning stages, and establishes basic models for warning and avoidance. Chapters present an outline of spacecraft collision warning strategy, elaborate on the basics of orbital calculation for collision avoidance, consider space object detection technology, detail space environment and object orbit, give a method for spacecraft collision warning orbit calculation, and finally, demonstrate a strategy for spacecraft collision warning and avoidance. Presents strategies, methods and real-world examples relating to space collision avoidance Considers time and space environment models in orbit prediction Gives optimal orbit determination methods and models for various warning stages Establishes and elaborates basic models for warning and avoidance Takes note of the current space environment for object detection and collision avoidance
Download or read book Space Debris written by COSPAR. Scientific Commission B. Symposium B0.2 (Nagoya, Japan) and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Orbital Debris written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of On Orbit Satellite Fragmentations 14th Edition written by Nicholas L. Johnson and published by www.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK. This book was released on 2008-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes full color illustrations. Since the first serious satellite fragmentation occurred in June 1961 (which instantaneously increased the total Earth satellite population by more than 400%) the issue of space operations within the finite region of space around the Earth has been the subject of increasing interest and concern. The prolific satellite fragmentations of the 1970s and the marked increase in the number of fragmentations in the 1980s served to widen international research into the characteristics and consequences of such events. Continued events in all orbits in later years make definition and historical accounting of those events crucial to future research. Large, manned space stations and the growing number of operational robotic satellites demand a better understanding of the hazards of the dynamic Earth satellite population.
Download or read book Meteoroids and Orbital Debris written by Cynthia A. Belk and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Descriptions are presented of orbital debris source, distribution, size, lifetime, and mitigation measures.
Download or read book Orbital Space Debris written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Achieving Science with CubeSats written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-06 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space-based observations have transformed our understanding of Earth, its environment, the solar system and the universe at large. During past decades, driven by increasingly advanced science questions, space observatories have become more sophisticated and more complex, with costs often growing to billions of dollars. Although these kinds of ever-more-sophisticated missions will continue into the future, small satellites, ranging in mass between 500 kg to 0.1 kg, are gaining momentum as an additional means to address targeted science questions in a rapid, and possibly more affordable, manner. Within the category of small satellites, CubeSats have emerged as a space-platform defined in terms of (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm)- sized cubic units of approximately 1.3 kg each called "U's." Historically, CubeSats were developed as training projects to expose students to the challenges of real-world engineering practices and system design. Yet, their use has rapidly spread within academia, industry, and government agencies both nationally and internationally. In particular, CubeSats have caught the attention of parts of the U.S. space science community, which sees this platform, despite its inherent constraints, as a way to affordably access space and perform unique measurements of scientific value. The first science results from such CubeSats have only recently become available; however, questions remain regarding the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats in the future. Achieving Science with CubeSats reviews the current state of the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats. This report focuses on the platform's promise to obtain high- priority science data, as defined in recent decadal surveys in astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science and applications from space, planetary science, and solar and space physics (heliophysics); the science priorities identified in the 2014 NASA Science Plan; and the potential for CubeSats to advance biology and microgravity research. It provides a list of sample science goals for CubeSats, many of which address targeted science, often in coordination with other spacecraft, or use "sacrificial," or high-risk, orbits that lead to the demise of the satellite after critical data have been collected. Other goals relate to the use of CubeSats as constellations or swarms deploying tens to hundreds of CubeSats that function as one distributed array of measurements.
