Download or read book Some Economic Issues in Licensing of Music Performance Rights written by William W. Nye and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Direct Licensing and the Music Industry written by Ivan L Pitt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the economics of the music industry in the context of the changing landscape brought about by innovation, technological change, and rapid digitization. The ability of digital technology to reduce the transaction costs of music copyright licensing has all but destroyed the traditional media business models of incumbent Performance Rights Organizations (PROs), music publishers, record labels, and radio and television stations. In a climate where streaming services are rapidly proliferating and consumers prefer subscription models over direct ownership, new business models, such as direct licensing, are developing. This book provides an overview of the economics of the traditional music industry, the technology-induced changes in business models and copyright law, and the role of publishers, copyright holders and songwriters in the emerging direct licensing model. In Part One, the author examines the economic aspects of direct licensing as an alternative to the traditional blanket license for copyrighted musical compositions, with an emphasis on the often monopolistic nature of PROs. In Part Two, the author focuses on the music publisher and the role direct licensing and competition may play in the changing business models in the music industry and the potential benefits this may bring to copyright holders, such as songwriters. To compliment this model, the author proposes a maximum statutory fixed-rate for musical performances to further streamline the royalty process, especially where distributors such as Google and YouTube are concerned. This book adds to the growing body of literature on the economics of music licensing in the digital age. It will be useful to those in the fields of economics and law, as well as music executives, musicians, songwriters, composers, and other industry professionals who are interested in understanding how technology, innovation and competition have reshaped the music industry.
Download or read book Economic Analysis of Music Copyright written by Ivan L. Pitt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-16 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chris Anderson's initial `Long Tail' analysis was released in 2004 just as the wave of mergers and acquisitions was sweeping the music publishing and radio industries. Music industry executives began looking for Anderson’s ‘Long Tail’ effect and with it the implied redistribution of royalty income from popular songs to long dormant and forgotten works in their catalogs. These music publishers had hoped to further maximize the value of their copyright assets (lyrics and melody) in their existing music catalogs as the sale of compact disks diminished, and consumers switched their purchasing and listening habits to new digital formats in music technology such as the iPod. This book deals with the measurement of skewness, heavy tails and asymmetry in performance royalty income data in the music industry, an area that has received very little academic attention for various reasons. For example, the pay packages, including signing bonuses, of some `superstars' in the sports world are often announced when they join a team. In the art world, the value of an artist's work is sometimes revealed when the work is sold at auction. The main reason it is difficult to study art and culture from a royalty income perspective is that most of the income data at the individual level is often proprietary, and generally not made publicly available for economic analysis. As a Senior Economist for the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) using both internal and licensed external proprietary data, the author found that the so-called `superstar effects' are still present in performance royalty income. Success is still concentrated on a relatively few copyright holders or members who can be grouped into `heavy tails' of the empirical income distribution in a departure from Anderson's `long tail' analysis. This book is divided into two parts. The first part is a general introduction to the many supply and demand economic factors that are related to music performance royalty payments. The second part is an applied econometrics section that provides modeling and in-depth analysis of income data from a songwriter, music publisher and blanket licensing perspective. In an era of declining income from CD album sales, data collection, mining and analysis are becoming increasingly important in terms of understanding the listening, buying and music use habits of consumers. The economic impact on songwriters, publishers, music listeners, and Performance Rights Organizations (PROs) is discussed and future business models are evaluated. The book will appeal to researchers and students in cultural economics, media and statistics as well as general readers and professionals in the music publishing industry.
Download or read book Rockonomics written by Alan Krueger and published by John Murray. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Money for Something written by Congressional Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Songwriters and recording artists are legally entitled to get paid for (1) reproductions and public performances of the notes and lyrics they create (the musical works), as well as (2) reproductions, distributions, and certain digital performances of the recorded sound of their voices combined with instruments (the sound recordings). The amount they get paid, as well as their control over their music, depends on market forces, contracts among a variety of private-sector entities, and laws governing copyright and competition policy. Congress first enacted laws governing music licensing in 1909, when music was primarily distributed through physical media such as sheet music and phonograph records. At the time, some Members of Congress expressed concerns that absent a statutory requirement to make musical works widely available, licensees could use exclusive access to musical works to thwart competition. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) expressed similar concerns in the 1940s, when it entered into antitrust consent decrees requiring music publishers to license their musical works to radio broadcast stations. As technological changes made it possible to reproduce sound recordings on tape cassettes in the late 1960s and in the form of digital computer files in the 1990s, Congress extended exclusive reproduction and performance rights to sound recordings as well. Many of the laws resulted from compromises between those who own the rights to music and those who license those rights from copyright holders. In some cases, the government sets the rates for music licensing, and the rate-setting standards that it uses reflect those compromises among interested parties. As consumers have purchased fewer albums over the last 20 years, overall spending on music has declined. Nevertheless, as streaming services that incorporate attributes of both radio and physical media have entered the market, consumer spending has increased during the last two years. In 2016, for the first time ever, streaming and other digital music services represented the majority of the recorded music industry's revenues. As these services have proliferated and the number of songs released has increased, the process of ensuring that the various copyright holders are paid for their musical works and their sound recordings has grown more complex. Performers, songwriters, producers, and others have complained that in some cases current copyright laws make it difficult to earn enough money to support their livelihoods and create new music. In addition, several songwriters and publishers have sued music streaming services, claiming that the services have streamed their songs while making little effort to locate and pay the rights holders. In April 2018, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 415-0 to pass H.R. 5447, the Music Modernization Act, as amended. The bill would modify copyright laws related to the process of granting, receiving, and suing for infringement of mechanical licenses, would create a new nonprofit "mechanical licensing collective" through which musical work copyright owners could collect royalties from online music services, and would change the standards used by a federal agency, the Copyright Royalty Board, to set royalty rates for certain statutory music licenses.
Download or read book Copyright and the Music Marketplace written by United States United States Copyright Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Copyright Office has previously highlighted the outmoded rules for the licensing of musical works and sound recordings as an area in significant need of reform. Moreover, the Office has underscored the need for a comprehensive approach to copyright review and revision generally. This is especially true in the case of music licensing the problems in the music marketplace need to be evaluated as a whole, rather than as isolated or individual concerns of particular stakeholders.
Download or read book Kohn on Music Licensing 5th Edition Plan IL written by Kohn and published by Wolters Kluwer. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 1832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you are a music publisher or songwriter looking to maximize the value of your music catalog, or a producer, ad agency, or internet music service seeking to clear music rights for products, performances, and other uses, the new Fifth Edition of Kohn On Music Licensing offers you comprehensive and authoritative guidance. This one-of-a-kind resource takes you through the various music licensing processes, type-by-type and step-by-step. In clear, coherent language, the author, a seasoned attorney and executive in both the entertainment and high-tech industries, provides detailed explanations of the many kinds of music licenses, identifies the critical issues addressed in each, and offers valuable strategy and guidance to both rights owners and prospective licensees. Kohn on Music Licensing, Fifth Edition: Walks the reader through the history of the music publishing business, from Tin Pan Alley to the user-generated content phenomena of the present. Dissects the songwriter agreement, providing the reader with a clause-by-clause analysis and offering the best negotiating strategies to achieve the best possible outcome for their clients. Analyses the newly enacted Music Modernization Act, signed into law in September 2018, which significantly changed the way music is licensed in sound recordings in the United States. Guides the reader through the complexities of co-publishing agreements, administration agreements, and international subpublishing agreements, with a report on the rapidly changing music licensing landscape in Europe. Takes on the intricacies of licensing music in sound recordings, from the traditional CD format to the newer delivery methods, including downloads, streams, ringtones and ringbacks--including the rates and terms used in the U.S., Canada and the United Kingdom. Confronts the pitfalls of licensing music for audiovisual works (synchronization licenses) using history as a guide, from the early talkies through streaming internet content. Explores new media and its impact on the licensing process. Technological developments have forced the industry to rethink licenses when dealing with video games, computer software, karaoke, and digital print (including downloadable sheet music, lyric database websites, and digital guitar tabs.. Sizes up the digital sampling controversy and offers up suggestions for negotiating licenses for digital samples. Explores the ever-evolving concept of Fair Use and its application to the music industry. Provides the reader with a look at the landscape of licensing fees, including "going rates" for synch, print, radio & TV advertising, new media, and other licenses, to assist in negotiating the best rates for their clients. Proven tips and suggestions, along with the most up-to-date analysis, are given for the technical aspects of music licensing, from the perspective of both the rights owners and prospective licensees, including How to "clear" a license Advice on maximizing the value of your music copyrights Formalities of licensing Duration of copyright, renewal and termination of grants Typical fees And much more Every chapter of Kohn on Music Licensing has been completely updated in this expanded Fifth Edition. New topics include: The Music Modernization Act, enacted in 2018, which changed the way music is licensed in sound recordings in the United States. Mechanical license fee regimes, including rates for ringtones and on-demand streaming for U.S., Canada, and U.K. Webcasting rates in the U.S., Canada, and U.K. A discussion of the right of publicity in the context of digital sampling. Print License chapter has an updated discussion on adaptation right as well as examines terms for digital print, digital guitar tabs, etc. Custom musical arrangements are also covered. Synch License chapter now covers terms for downloading and streaming of video. Previous Edition: Kohn on Music Licensing, Fourth Edition, ISBN : 9780735590908
Download or read book Copyright and Public Performance of Music written by Stanley Rothenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been many notable descriptions of music but perhaps one of the most apt from the viewpoint of law and commerce was Ian Hay's statement, "Music is about the most vulnerable piece of property that a man can bring into the world, especially today. " With the increased use of music brought about by technological advances, such as radio, sound films and tele vision, and the concomitant decrease in the sale of sheet music and phonograph records, the need for writers and publishers of music to share in the revenue from public performances became urgent. With this urgency the author's rights in the public per formance of his music became the subject of much literature and litigation which continues to this day. The purpose of this book is to present a clear picture of this much written and litigated about subject: the au'thor's right in the public performance of his music. In order to do this we must indicate not only the nature of the right but also how it is exer cised for it should be evident that with performances taking place throughout the world and in a multitude of ways, the exercise of the right by an individual author or publisher would present insurmountable problems.
Download or read book The Art of Music Licensing written by Al Kohn and published by Aspen Publishers. This book was released on 1992 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Music Licensing Under Title 17 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transactions Costs and Administered Markets written by Michael A. Einhorn and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance rights organizations (PROs) provide transactional efficiency for music users and copyright owners by negotiating contracts, collecting revenue, and paying royalties for the rights to publicly perform musical compositions, thereby replacing their need to deal individually with one another in bilateral licensing. Historically, performance rights for catalogued works have been made available to users through blanket licenses, which convey the rights to perform, or have performed on licensed premises, all registered works in the corresponding catalog of registered works. While blanket licenses may enhance transactional efficiency, the same licenses are sometimes recognized as anticompetitive restrictions that compel each user to make an all or nothing choice that may force acceptance of a full license contract in place of a less inclusive alternative that may actually be preferred. Competitive concerns at the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Justice Department regarding blanket licensing at ASCAP and BMI led to a separate series of Consent Decrees for each of the two major PROs in the U.S. To explore the disparate claims of economic efficiency, the paper finds that concepts from public utility regulation may be particularly helpful. Three characteristics are considered: where prices are subsidy-free, whether license provision is a natural monopoly, and whether any competitive submarkets can be structurally separated from the regulated core.
Download or read book Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights written by Daniel Gervais and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the course of the last two decades, collective management organizations (CMOs) have become the nerve centres of copyright licensing in virtually every country. Their expertise and knowledge of copyright law and management have proven essential to make copyright work in the digital age. However, they have also been at the centre of debates about their efficiency, their transparency and their governance. This book, an extensively revised and updated edition of the major work on the legal status of CMOs, offers an in-depth analysis of the various operating CMO models, their rights and obligations vis-à-vis both users and members, acquisition of legal authority to license, and (most important) the rights to license digital uses of protected material and build (or improve current) information systems to deal with ever more complex rights management and licensing tasks. All the chapters have been updated since the 2010 edition. New chapters on Africa, China, Central Europe and New Zealand (together with Australia, which is no longer discussed in the separate chapter on Canada) have been added. Factors considered include the following: • role of 'families' such as the International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers (CISAC) and the International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organizations (IFRRO); • cases where the unavailability of adequating options makes authorized use difficult or impossible taking transaction costs into account; • growing importance of extended repertoire systems (also known as extended collective licensing); • relationship among collective management, rights to remuneration, and the ways in which CMOs acquire authority to license; • transnational licensing and the possible role of multi-territorial licensing; and • threat of monopolies or regional oligopolies for the management of online music rights. Legal underpinnings covered in the course of the analysis include the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaties, the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act, the Napster case, the Santiago Agreement, relevant EU Papers and the 2014 Copyright Directive, and work done by the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Part I presents a number of horizontal issues that affect collective management in almost every country. Part II is divided on a geographical basis, focusing on systems representative of the principal models applied in various countries and regions. Each country specific or region-specific chapter provides a historical overview and a presentation of existing CMOs and their activities, gives financial information where available, describes how CMOs are supervised or controlled by legislation, and offers thoughts about the challenges facing CMOs in the country or region concerned. Many of these national and regional commentaries are the only such information sources available in English. Whatever the future of copyright holds, it is clear that users will continue to want access and the ability to reuse material lawfully, and authors and other rights holders will want to ensure that they can put some reasonable limits on those uses, including an ability to monetize commercially relevant uses. CMOs are sure to be critical intermediaries in this process. The second edition of this important resource, with its key insights into the changing nature of collective management, will be of immeasurable value to all concerned with shaping policy towards collective management or working with the ever more complex legal issues arising in digital age copyright matters.
Download or read book Music Business The Key Concepts written by Richard Strasser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-11 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Music Business: The Key Concepts is a comprehensive guide to the terminology commonly used in the music business today. It embraces definitions from a number of relevant fields, including: general business marketing e-commerce intellectual property law economics entrepreneurship In an accessible A-Z format and fully cross-referenced throughout, this book is essential reading for music business students as well as those interested in the music industry.
Download or read book Copyright Office Views on Music Licensing Reform written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Demsetz Postulate and the Effects of Mergers in Differentiated Products Industries written by Luke M. Froeb and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Mergers in Differentiated Products Industries written by Gregory Werden and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Music Licensing Practices of Performing Rights Societies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Intellectual Property and Judicial Administration and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
