Download or read book Smarandache Rings written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2002 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generally, in any human field, a Smarandache Structure on a set A means a weak structure W on A such that there exists a proper subset B which is embedded with a stronger structure S.By proper subset one understands a set included in A, different from the empty set, from the unit element if any, and from A.These types of structures occur in our every day?s life, that?s why we study them in this book.Thus, as two particular cases:A Smarandache ring of level I (S-ring I) is a ring R that contains a proper subset that is a field with respect to the operations induced. A Smarandache ring of level II (S-ring II) is a ring R that contains a proper subset A that verifies: ?A is an additive abelian group; ?A is a semigroup under multiplication;?For a, b I A, a?b = 0 if and only if a = 0 or b = 0.
Download or read book Bilagebraic Structures and Smarandache Bialgebraic Structures written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generally the study of algebraic structures deals with the concepts like groups, semigroups, groupoids, loops, rings, near-rings, semirings, and vector spaces. The study of bialgebraic structures deals with the study of bistructures like bigroups, biloops, bigroupoids, bisemigroups, birings, binear-rings, bisemirings and bivector spaces. A complete study of these bialgebraic structures and their Smarandache analogues is carried out in this book. For examples: A set (S, +, *) with two binary operations ?+? and '*' is called a bisemigroup of type II if there exists two proper subsets S1 and S2 of S such that S = S1 U S2 and(S1, +) is a semigroup.(S2, *) is a semigroup. Let (S, +, *) be a bisemigroup. We call (S, +, *) a Smarandache bisemigroup (S-bisemigroup) if S has a proper subset P such that (P, +, *) is a bigroup under the operations of S. Let (L, +, *) be a non empty set with two binary operations. L is said to be a biloop if L has two nonempty finite proper subsets L1 and L2 of L such that L = L1 U L2 and(L1, +) is a loop, (L2, *) is a loop or a group. Let (L, +, *) be a biloop we call L a Smarandache biloop (S-biloop) if L has a proper subset P which is a bigroup. Let (G, +, *) be a non-empty set. We call G a bigroupoid if G = G1 U G2 and satisfies the following:(G1 , +) is a groupoid (i.e. the operation + is non-associative), (G2, *) is a semigroup. Let (G, +, *) be a non-empty set with G = G1 U G2, we call G a Smarandache bigroupoid (S-bigroupoid) if G1 and G2 are distinct proper subsets of G such that G = G1 U G2 (neither G1 nor G2 are included in each other), (G1, +) is a S-groupoid.(G2, *) is a S-semigroup.A nonempty set (R, +, *) with two binary operations ?+? and '*' is said to be a biring if R = R1 U R2 where R1 and R2 are proper subsets of R and (R1, +, *) is a ring, (R2, +, ?) is a ring.A Smarandache biring (S-biring) (R, +, *) is a non-empty set with two binary operations ?+? and '*' such that R = R1 U R2 where R1 and R2 are proper subsets of R and(R1, +, *) is a S-ring, (R2, +, *) is a S-ring.
Download or read book Smarandache Unsolved problems and New Progress in Chinese language written by Editors: Liu Yanni, Li Ling, Liu Baoli and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2008 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New improved results of the research in Chinese language on Smarandache¿s codification used in computer programming, smarandacheials, totient and congruence functions, sequences, irrational constants in number theory, multi-space and geometries.
Download or read book New Progress on Smarandache Problems in Chinese language written by Chen Guohui and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2007 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes a part of the research results about the Smarandache problems in number theory, written by Chinese scholars until 2007, and its main purpose is to bring new progress on Smarandache functions, sequences, constants, asymptotic properties, series convergences, solutions to special equations.
Download or read book Smarandache Chinese written by Yuan Yi and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of papers and definitions in Chinese language related to Smarandache n-structures, generalized palindromes, functions, sequences, numbers, neutrosophic logic/set/probability/statistics, Smarandache geometries, etc.
Download or read book Scientia Magna Vol 5 No 3 2009 written by Zhang Wenpeng and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers on Smarandache magic square, Smarandache friendly numbers, some another remarks on the generalization of Bernoulli and Euler numbers, an integral identity involving the Hermite polynomials, vinegar identifiation by ultraviolet spectrum technology and pattern recognition method, pairwise semi compact and pairwise semi lindeloff spaces, and other topics. Contributors: C. Prabpayak, U. Leerawat, S. M. Khairnar, S. Balasubramanian, B. Amudhambigai, A. H. Majeed, A. D. Hamdi, H. Jolany, M. R. Darafsheh, and others.
Download or read book SCIENTIFIC ELEMENTS International Book Series Vol I Applications of Smarandache s Notions to Mathematics Physics and Other Sciences written by editors:Yuhua Fu, Linfan Mao, and Mihaly Bencze and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2007 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Scientific Elements is an international book series, maybe with different subtitles. This series is devoted to the applications of Smarandache?s notions and to mathematical combinatorics. These are two heartening mathematical theories for sciences and can be applied to many fields. This book selects 12 papers for showing applications of Smarandache's notions, such as those of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, Neutrosophy, etc. to classical mathematics, theoretical and experimental physics, logic, cosmology. Looking at these elementary applications, we can experience their great potential for developing sciences. 12 authors contributed to this volume: Linfan Mao, Yuhua Fu, Shenglin Cao, Jingsong Feng, Changwei Hu, Zhengda Luo, Hao Ji, Xinwei Huang, Yiying Guan, Tianyu Guan, Shuan Chen, and Yan Zhang.
Download or read book Scientia Magna Vol 4 No 4 2008 written by Zhang Wenpeng and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers on an equation involving the Smarandache function and its positive integer solutions, the Smarandache kn-digital subsequence, the Smarandache 3n-digital sequence and the Zhang Wenpeng's conjecture, the quintic supported spline wavelets with numerical integration and similar topics. Contributors: A. A. Majumdar, B. Chen, C. Shi, S. Wang, L. Zhang, A. Saeid, M. Haveshki, T. Veluchamy, P.S.Sivakkumar, and others.
Download or read book SCIENTIA MAGNA International Book Series vol 13 no 1 written by Huaning Liu and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientia Magna international book series are published in one or two volumes per year with more than 100 pages and over 1,000 copies.
Download or read book Smarandache Notions written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SCIENTIA MAGNA International Book Series vol 12 no 1 written by Huaning Liu and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientia Magna international book series publish original research articles in all areas of mathematics and mathematical sciences. However, papers related to Smarandache’s problems will be highly preferred.
Download or read book Scientia Magna Vol 5 No 2 2009 written by Zhang Wenpeng and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2009 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of articles on smarandache notions in number theory.
Download or read book SCIENTIA MAGNA An international journal Vol 12 No 1 2017 written by Jing Huang and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2017-07-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientia Magna is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles in all areas of mathematics and mathematical sciences. However, papers related to Smarandache’s problems will be highly preferred.
Download or read book International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics Volume 1 2007 written by Linfan Mao and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mathematical combinatorics is a subject that applying combinatorial notion to all mathematics and all sciences for understanding the reality of things in the universe. The International J. Mathematical Combinatorics is a fully refereed international journal, sponsored by the MADIS of Chinese Academy of Sciences and published in USA quarterly, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of mathematical combinatorics, Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, non-Euclidean geometry, topology and their applications to other sciences.
Download or read book Neutrosophic Sets An Overview written by Said Broumi and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we give some concepts concerning the neutrosophic sets, single valued neutrosophic sets, interval-valued neutrosophic sets, bipolar neutrosophic sets, neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy sets, inter-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy sets, refined neutrosophic sets, bipolar neutrosophic refined sets, multi-valued neutrosophic sets, simplified neutrosophic linguistic sets, neutrosophic over/off/under sets, rough neutrosophic sets, rough bipolar neutrosophic sets, rough neutrosophic hyper-complex set, and their basic operations.
Download or read book SCIENTIA MAGNA An international journal Vol 13 No 1 2018 written by Richa Brar and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientia Magna is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles in all areas of mathematics and mathematical sciences. However, papers related to Smarandache’s problems will be highly preferred.
Download or read book Mathematical Combinatorics Vol 1 2007 written by Linfan Mao and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers on combinatorial speculation and combinatorial conjecture for mathematics, structures of cycle bases with some extremal properties, pseudo-manifold geometries with applications, long dominating cycles in graphs, crossing number of two cartesian products, and similar topics. Contributors: Linfan Mao, Lei Wang, Yongga A., Dengju Ma, Han Ren, Xiang Ren, Weili He, Lin Zhao, Yun Bai, and others.
