Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Niche from Birth to Old Age written by Sanda Maria Cretoiu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that are able to unlimitedly renew themselves within controlled conditions and to differentiate into a multitude of mature cell types. Skeletal muscle stem cells, represented predominantly by satellite cells, show a variable capability of self-renewal and myogenic differentiation. They were found to be involved not only in the growth of myofibers during neonatal and juvenile life but also in the regeneration of skeletal muscles after an injury. The microenvironment in which stem cells are nourished and maintained dormant preceding division and differentiation is known as ,Äúniche.,Äù The niche consists of myofibers, which are believed to modulate the active/inactive state of the stem cells, extracellular matrix, neural networks, blood vessels, and a multitude of soluble molecules. It was observed that changes in the composition of the niche have an impact on the stem cell functions and hierarchy. Furthermore, it seems that its layout is variable throughout the entire life, translating into a decrease in the regenerative capacity of satellite cells in aged tissues. The scope of this chapter is to provide a detailed view of the changes that occur in the skeletal stem cell niche during life and to analyze their implications on tissue regeneration. Future studies should focus on developing new therapeutic tools for diseases involving muscle atrophy.
Download or read book Role of Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle Development Regeneration Repair Aging and Disease written by Pura Muñoz-Cánoves and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult stem cells are responsible for tissue regeneration and repair throughout life. Their quiescence or activation are tightly regulated by common signalling pathways that often recapitulate those happening during embryonic development, and thus it is important to understand their regulation not only in postnatal life, but also during foetal development. In this regard, skeletal muscle is an interesting tissue since it accounts for a large percentage of body mass (about 40%), it is highly amenable to intervention through exercise and it is also key in metabolic and physiological changes underlying frailty susceptibility in the elderly. While muscle-resident satellite cells are responsible for all myogenic activity in physiological conditions and become senescent in old age, other progenitor cells such as mesoangioblasts do seem to contribute to muscle regeneration and repair after tissue damage. Similarly, fibro-adipogenic precursor cells seem to be key in the aberrant response that fills up the space left from atrophied muscle mass and which ends up with a dysfunctional muscle having vast areas of fatty infiltration and fibrosis. The complex interplay between these stem/progenitor cell types and their niches in normal and pathological conditions throughout life are the subjects of intense investigation. This eBook highlights recent developments on the role of stem cells in skeletal muscle function, both in prenatal and postnatal life, and their regulation by transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, it includes articles on interventions associated with exercise, pathological changes in neuromuscular diseases, and stem cell aging.
Download or read book Muscle Stem Cells written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-01 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Muscle Stem Cells, Volume 158 in the Current Topics of Developmental Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics surrounding Muscle stem cell dysfunction in rhabdomyosarcoma and muscular dystrophy, Model systems used to study MuSC function, MuSCs in the growth and maintenance of muscle, Molecular regulation of myocyte fusion, A self-made quiescent niche of muscle stem cells, Characterization of the muscle regenerative environment, Role of microenvironment on muscle stem cell function in health, adaptation, and disease, Vascular Niche for Muscle Stem Cells, Regulation of muscle stem cell polarity in health and disease, and more. Additional chatpers cover Circadian timing of satellite cell function and muscle regeneration, Muscle stem cell activity is regulated by translational control of gene expression, Biomechanical stress in modulating MuSC function, Cross talk between cell types in regenerating muscle, Effects of the immune system on muscle regeneration, Effects of diabetes on MuSC function, and other timely topics. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series Updated release includes the latest information on the Muscle Stem Cells
Download or read book Bioengineering the Human Muscle Stem Cell Niche for Therapeutic Applications written by Omid Mashinchian and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'auteur: Stem cell therapy ; Skeletal muscle ; Muscle stem cells ; iPSCs ; Mesoderm ; Organoid ; Niche ; Embryoid ; Dystrophin ; Aging.
Download or read book Novel Interventions to Recover the Regenerative Capacity of Aged Skeletal Muscle by Targeting the Interactions in the Stem Cell Niche written by Laura Lukjanenko and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'autrice: skeletal muscle ; stem cell niche ; aging ; regeneration ; ectopic adipogenesis ; satellite cells ; MuSCs ; FAPs ; extracellular matrix ; apelin.
Download or read book The Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Niche written by Alice Pannerec and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite cells are considered the major source of muscle progenitors, however, other populations with myogenic popential have been discovered. We have identified a new muscle-resident non-satellite cell population, termed PICs, which can differentiate into three different lineages, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and fat. PICs rescue satellite cells from myostatin inhibition in vitro through follistatin release. When myostatin is inactivated in vivo, PICs number is markedly increased and mice display hypertrophied muscles. While recent studies have demonstrated that muscle regeneration cannot occur without satellite cells, we show that muscle regeneration is restored when mice have been previously treated with a myostatin inhibitor. We postulate that PICs have participated in muscle repair rescue, and thus constitute an interesting population to be targeted for pharmaceutical strategies aimed at improving skeletal muscle mass and function.
Download or read book Rejuvenation of the Aged Stem Cell Niche written by Hanadie Yousef and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although functional organ stem cells persist in the elderly, tissue damage invariably overwhelms tissue repair, ultimately leading to the failure of major organ systems. It has been demonstrated that the microenvironment, or niche in which adult stem cells reside critically influences stem cell function. The delicate balance between positive and negative signaling regulators controls the decision of adult stem cells to remain quiescent, self-renew or differentiate, a crucial balance for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this dissertation, we provide evidence that the same key morphogenic signaling pathways become deregulated with age and contribute to the decline of both hippocampal neurogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration with aging, leading to the decline in regenerative performance of both brain and muscle tissue stem cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the aged tissue niches can be rejuvenated to enhance native stem cell function in muscle and brain by youthful calibration of the intensity of these morphogenic signaling pathways. In particular, local attenuation of BMP signaling in the aged hippocampus, systemic and local attenuation of TGF-beta signaling in both the aged hippocampus and aged skeletal muscle, and specific proteins secreted by human embryonic stem cells that act through MAPK and Notch signaling rejuvenate brain and muscle tissue precursor cell function by normalizing the signaling strength of the pathways that are chronically overexpressed or underexpressed with aging. Summarily, by better understanding the age-imposed decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells, the debilitating lack of organ maintenance in the old, including decline in neurogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration, can be ameliorated.
Download or read book Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches written by Ajaykumar Vishwakarma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches covers a wide spectrum of research and current knowledge on embryonic and adult stem cell niches, focusing on the understanding of stem cell niche molecules and signaling mechanisms, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions. The book comprehensively reviews factors regulating stem cell behavior and the corresponding approaches for understanding the subsequent effect of providing the proper matrix molecules, mechanical cues, and/or chemical cues. It encompasses a variety of tools and techniques for developing biomaterials-based methods to model synthetic stem cell niches in vivo, or to enhance and direct stem cell fate in vitro. A final section of the book discusses stem cell niche bioengineering strategies and current advances in each tissue type. Includes the importance of Cell-Cell and Cell Matrix Interactions in each specific tissue and system Authored and edited by authorities in this emerging and multidisciplinary field Includes valuable links to 5-10 minute YouTube© author videos that describe main points
Download or read book Role of Stem Cells and Extracellular Matrix in the Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle written by Andrew Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity to initiate a rapid and extensive repair process after damage due to injury or degenerative disease. Although satellite cells are the primary skeletal muscle stem cells, there are many reports of non-satellite cell populations with myogenic capacity resident within skeletal muscle. The activity of muscle-resident stem cells during the regeneration process is tightly controlled through the dynamic interactions between intrinsic factors within the cells and extrinsic factors constituting the muscle stem cell niche. The extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle plays an integral role in force transmission, structural maintenance, and regulation of stem cell niche. ECM interacts with stem cells either directly by binding cell surface receptors or indirectly through growth factor presentation, and maintains a balance between their quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. These interactions are reciprocal since the stem cells can remodel the niche and secrete or degrade ECM components. Natural ECM scaffolds, derived from decellularized tissues can influence stem cell activity both in vitro and in vivo and are widely being investigated for skeletal muscle repair. In this chapter, we discuss the regenerative potential of stem cell populations and ECM bioscaffolds in the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease.
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells written by Atsushi Asakura and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-30 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at the latest technologies and methods--combined with new genetic tools available in animal models--used in this constantly evolving field. The chapters in this book are organized into three sections: Section one covers muscle stem cells and progenitor cells; Section Two discusses animal models for muscle stem cells and regeneration; and Section Three explores bioinformatics and imaging analysis for muscle stem cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells and Regeneration: Methods and Protocols is a valuable tool for all researchers looking to expand their knowledge on skeletal muscle growth, repair, degeneration, aging, and regenerative medicine.
Download or read book Cerebral Palsy written by Freeman Miller and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2006-05-08 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a child has a health problem, parents want answers. But when a child has cerebral palsy, the answers don't come quickly. A diagnosis of this complex group of chronic conditions affecting movement and coordination is difficult to make and is typically delayed until the child is eighteen months old. Although the condition may be mild or severe, even general predictions about long-term prognosis seldom come before the child's second birthday. Written by a team of experts associated with the Cerebral Palsy Program at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, this authoritative resource provides parents and families with vital information that can help them cope with uncertainty. Thoroughly updated and revised to incorporate the latest medical advances, the second edition is a comprehensive guide to cerebral palsy. The book is organized into three parts. In the first, the authors describe specific patterns of involvement (hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia), explain the medical and psychosocial implications of these conditions, and tell parents how to be effective advocates for their child. In the second part, the authors provide a wealth of practical advice about caregiving from nutrition to mobility. Part three features an extensive alphabetically arranged encyclopedia that defines and describes medical terms and diagnoses, medical and surgical procedures, and orthopedic and other assistive devices. Also included are lists of resources and recommended reading.
Download or read book Background and Management of Muscular Atrophy written by Julianna Cseri and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A healthy skeletal musculature is necessary for a good quality of life and is important in sports. The loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to severe clinical complications and alters daily functioning. The aim of this book is to give an overview of skeletal muscle atrophy including pathomechanism, clinical characters, and the tools for prevention and treatment. Skeletal muscle atrophy can develop due to neurogenic or myogenic reasons, and frequently appears as an age-dependent disorder (sarcopenia). The studies of theoretical background give promising perspectives to prevent and treat muscle atrophy. The book is recommended to scientists, practitioners, students, sportsmen, and everybody who is interested in the normal and impaired function of the skeletal muscle.
Download or read book Disorders of Voluntary Muscle written by George Karpati and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-12 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rewritten and redesigned, this remains the one essential text on the diseases of skeletal muscle.
Download or read book Stem Cells in Clinical Practice and Tissue Engineering written by Rakesh Sharma and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem Cells in Clinical Practice and Tissue Engineering is a concise book on applied methods of stem cell differentiation and optimization using tissue engineering methods. These methods offer immediate use in clinical regenerative medicine. The present volume will serve the purpose of applied stem cell differentiation optimization methods in clinical research projects, as well as be useful to relatively experienced stem cell scientists and clinicians who might wish to develop their stem cell clinical centers or research labs further. Chapters are arranged in the order of basic concepts of stem cell differentiation, clinical applications of pluripotent stem cells in skin, cardiac, bone, dental, obesity centers, followed by tissue engineering, new materials used, and overall evaluation with their permitted legal status.
Download or read book Concepts and Applications of Stem Cell Biology written by Gabriela Rodrigues and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook will support graduate students with learning materials rich in the basic concepts of stem cell biology, in its most widespread and updated perspective. The chapters are conceived in a way for students to understand the meaning of pluripotency, the definition of embryonic stem cells and the formation of multicellular structures such as organoids together with the underlying principles of their epigenetic. This textbook also discusses adult stem cells and the potential use of these cells, in particular neural, mesenchymal, and several types of muscular cells, in biomedical research and clinical applications. This textbook represents a vital complement to the text on Essential Current Concepts of Stem Cell Biology, also published in the Learning Materials in Biosciences textbook series.
Download or read book Stem Cell Aging Mechanisms Consequences Rejuvenation written by Hartmut Geiger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-06 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging of somatic stem cells reduces cell function and results in dysfunctional organs and tissues, making it an underlying cause of diseases associated with aging. It might even be the primary cause for age-associated attrition of tissue function in organs that heavily rely on stem cells for maintaining homeostasis, like the skin, blood and intestines. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved is critical for developing approaches to attenuate stem cell aging and could pave the way for improved quality of life among the elderly. Written by highly prominent experts in the field, this book presents the current state of knowledge on these mechanisms. It offers insights into stem cell function, explains in detail the mechanisms of stem cell aging in model organisms as well as mammalian systems and describes related diseases and approaches to attenuating stem cell aging or achieving rejuvenation. The book is intended for all scientists and clinicians working with stem cells, aging mechanisms or age-related diseases.
Download or read book The Growth Plate written by Irving M. Shapiro and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence generated by a number of genetic studies indicates that growth is regulated by a number of genes and that interference with their expression can have catastrophic effects on the well being of the whole organism. This work covers skeletal development and growth.
