Download or read book Sintering of Refractory Metal Based Materials by Field Assisted Sintering Technology FAST written by Sinthu Chanthapan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Refractory Metal Alloys Formed by Field Assisted Sintering Technique FAST written by Paul Browning and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refractory metals and their alloys are of critical importance for a large number of applications ranging from nuclear fission and fusion reactors to the defense and aerospace industries. Of the refractory metal alloys, tungsten, tantalum, and molybdenum alloys are dominant in both commercial and defense applications. Unfortunately, due to their high melting temperatures and relatively poor sinterability, formation of high-density components of these alloys is difficult, requiring either the use of time-consuming and expensive techniques such as hot isostatic pressing or post-processing such as hot extrusion and annealing to produce components acceptable for structural use. Furthermore, as components of these compounds are generally by their very nature used at elevated operating temperatures, they frequently experience failure due to recrystallization, grain growth, and creep.Field Assisted Sintering Technique (FAST), also commonly referred to as spark plasma sintering (SPS) or pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) is a promising method for formation of dense compacts of traditionally difficult to sinter materials. FAST uses a combination of elevated temperatures, pressures, and the application of an electric field to rapidly sinter components over the course of several minutes to hours. FAST is an excellent technique for rapid production of refractory alloys, as it produces near net-shaped components featuring equiaxed grain structures. As FASTs uses rapid heating and cooling rates, it is also capable of producing dense components of much finer grain sizes in comparison to traditional sintering techniques.This dissertation explores the use of FAST and alloying additions to produce refractory metal alloys featuring improved mechanical properties over current commercially available materials. Work begins by exploring the room and ultra-high temperature mechanical properties of a series of tungsten alloys (Chapter 3) attempting to make use of Ta and TiC alloying additions. W-TiC alloys are found to be promising for high-strength applications where ductility is less of an issue, and display substantial resistance to grain growth at temperatures up to1927 C (3500 F). This strengthening effect was found to be lost upon testing at 2204 C (4000 F). In contrast, a tested W-10vol%Ta alloy was found to display high strength and ductility at temperatures of 1649 C (3000 F) and higher, making this an excellent candidate material for ultrahigh temperature applications. To gain increased understanding of the microstructural effects that were resulting in observed mechanical behaviors, a detailed study of W-10vol%Ta and W-10vol%Ta-5vol%TiC alloys including optical and SEM imaging with EDS mapping, TEM imaging, X-ray diffraction, and hardness measurements was performed to examine elemental diffusion and microstructural changes in these two alloys. W-Ta cross diffusion was discovered to occur over a relatively large area on order of 10s of microns, producing a Ta interface region featuring increased hardness than that expected for pure tantalum. Interestingly, interstitial elements such as C and O were found to preferentially migrate to the center of Ta particles, producing regions displaying extremely high hardness in comparison to the surrounding ductile matrices, possibly accounting for the apparent strengthening seen in the W-10vol%Ta samples at both room and elevated temperatures.The loss of strength in W-TiC alloys at 2204 C was disappointing given their excellent grain growth resistance up to 1927 C, therefore work was done investigating the centering and mechanical behavior of W with other nanoparticle additives. This resulted in identification of oxidation of nanoparticle additions in W due to oxygen present in the matrix phase, which is in agreement with previous oxidation seen in W-TiC alloys. A Zener-type model allowed for successful description of grain growth inhibition of W during sintering with carbide particle additions, and a simple model combining the Hall-Petch and second-phase precipitate strengthening mechanisms was capable of prediction alloy hardness values with relative accuracy, alloying for tailoring of W hardness with specific nanoparticle additions to desired values.Tungsten alloys were found to be highly brittle at room temperature regardless of alloying changes, therefore work was also performed exploring room and ultra-high temperature Ta alloys (Chapter 4). This resulted in identification of Ta-10vol%W as an excellent alloy for use over a wide range of temperatures including up to temperatures in excess of 2204 C. It was further demonstrated that this alloy displayed superior mechanical properties to Ta-10vol%W produced by other commercial methods at elevated temperatures which was attributed to the improved microstructure obtained by FAST sintering in comparison to Ta-10vol%W alloys obtained by typical arc casting, forging, and heat treatment methods. Finally, as TiC nanoparticle addition was found to produce extremely strong W alloys up to 1927 C, it was of interest whether use of this alloy was possible with molybdenum, a material used at lower temperatures than tungsten for which the loss of strength seen at 2204 C would not be a concern. Sintering studies were therefore performed determining optimal sintering conditions for production of the molybdenum alloy TZM (titanium zirconium molybdenum) alloys with and without TiC addition (Chapter 5). After determining these conditions, commercial-scale 4x4 plates were sintered at optimized conditions, producing similar densities to that seen in smaller samples demonstrating potential scalability of FAST production of these alloys for commercial-scale sintering. Mechanical testing of these alloys identified the presence of high degrees of ductility in pure TZM samples and TZM-5vol%TiC samples, although this ductility was lost at 10 vol% TiC addition.

Download or read book Field Assisted Sintering written by Eugene A. Olevsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the first ever scientific monograph including an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques. Until now, the electromagnetic field-assisted technologies of materials processing were lacking a systematic and generalized description in one fundamental publication; this work promotes the development of generalized concepts and of comparative analyses in this emerging area of materials fabrication. This book describes modern technologies for the powder processing-based fabrication of advanced materials. New approaches for the development of well-tailored and stable structures are thoroughly discussed. Since the potential of traditional thermo-mechanical methods of material treatment is limited due to inadequate control during processing, the book addresses ways to more accurately control the resultant material's structure and properties by an assisting application of electro-magnetic fields. The book describes resistance sintering, high-voltage consolidation, sintering by low-voltage electric pulses (including spark plasma sintering), flash sintering, microwave sintering, induction heating sintering, magnetic pulse compaction and other field-assisted sintering techniques. Includes an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques; Explains new techniques and approaches for material treatment; Provides detailed descriptions of spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering, high-voltage consolidation, magnetic pulse compaction, and various other approaches when field-assisted treatment is applied.

Download or read book Field Assisted Sintering of Refractory Carbide Ceramics and Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites written by Sean Gephart and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sintering behaviors of silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) based materials were investigated using an emerging sintering technology known as field assisted sintering technology (FAST), also known as spark plasma sintering (SPS) and pulse electric current sintering (PECS). Sintering by FAST utilizes high density electric current, uniaxial pressure, and relatively high heating rate compared to conventional sintering techniques.This effort investigated issues of scaling from laboratory FAST system (25 ton capacity) to industrial FAST system (250 ton capacity), as well as exploring the difference in sintering behavior of single phase B4C and SiC using FAST and conventional sintering techniques including hot-pressing (HP) and pressure-less sintering (PL). Materials were analyzed for mechanical and bulk properties, including characterization of density, hardness, fracture toughness, fracture (bend) strength, elastic modulus and microstructure. A parallel investigation was conducted in the development of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) using SiC powder impregnation of fiber compacts followed by FAST sintering.The FAST technique was used to sinter several B4C and SiC materials to near theoretical density. Preliminary efforts established optimized sintering temperatures using the smaller 25 ton laboratory unit, targeting a sample size of 40 mm diameter and 8 mm thickness. Then the same B4C and SiC materials were sintered by the larger 250 ton industrial FAST system, a HP system, and PL sintering system with a targeted dense material geometry of 4x4x0.315 inches3 (101.6x101.6x8 mm3). The resulting samples were studied to determine if the sintering dynamics and/or the resulting material properties were influenced by the sintering technique employed. This study determined that FAST sintered ceramic materials resulted in consistently higher averaged values for mechanical properties as well as smaller grain size when compared to conventionally sintered materials. While FAST sintered materials showed higher average values, in general they also showed consistently larger variation in the scattered data and consequently larger standard deviation for the resulting material properties. In addition, dynamic impact testing (V50 test) was conducted on the resulting materials and it was determined that there was no discernable correlation between observed mechanical properties of the ceramic materials and the resulting dynamic testing.Another study was conducted on the sintering of SiC and carbon fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC) using FAST. There has been much interest recently in fabricating high strength, low porosity SiC CMC's for high temperature structural applications, but the current methods of production, namely chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), melt infiltration (MI), and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP), are considered time consuming and involve material related shortcomings associated with their respective methodologies. In this study, SiC CMC's were produced using the 25 ton laboratory unit with a target sample size of 40 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness, as well as on the larger 250 ton industrial FAST system targeting a sample size of 101.6x101.6x3 mm3 to investigate issues associated with scaling. Several sintering conditions were explored including: pressure of 35-65 MPa, temperature of 1700-1900°C, and heating rates between 50-400°C/min. The SiC fibers used in this study were coated using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with boron nitride (BN) and pyrolytic carbon to act as a barrier layer and preserve the integrity of the fibers during sintering. Then the barrier coating was coated by an outer layer of SiC to enhance the bonding between the fibers and the SiC matrix. Microstructures of the sintered samples were examined by FE-SEM. Mechanical properties including flexural strength-deflection and stress-strain were characterized using 4-point bend testing. Tensile testing was performed on the larger 101.6x101.6x3 mm samples. The microstructures of samples sintered using the 25 ton laboratory FAST system showed a reduction in porosity and good adhesion between the fiber-fiber and fiber-matrix interface. The microstructures of samples sintered on the 250 ton industrial FAST system showed a reduction in porosity, but there was visible reaction of the fiber and fiber coatings with the surrounding matrix. Additionally, there was significant radial cracking of the fibers visible in the microstructures.There is gap in the understanding of sintering behavior between laboratory and industrial scale FAST systems. The vast majority of publications on FAST sintering have been primarily focused on small sample geometries (20 mm diameter, less than 3 mm thick). A study was coordinated to investigate the thermal properties during heating and cooling using a 250 ton industrial FAST system at 900°C using B4C and SiC materials inside the graphite die assembly. The thermal properties were then compared to the resulting material properties of the identically sintered B4C and SiC to approximately 94% relative density, at a temperature of 1950°C, pressure of 45 MPa, 10 minute hold, and heated at a rate of 100°C/min. The study determined that at 900°C there were significant thermal gradients within the system for the examined materials, and that these gradients correlated well with the material property difference of the samples sintered at higher temperatures where the gradients are presumably larger due to an increase in radiative heat loss. The observed temperatures throughout the graphite were significantly different between B4C and SiC. These temperatures also correlated well with the material properties of the sintered products which showed more substantial variation for B4C when compared to SiC which was overall less affected by thermal gradients. This was attributed to the intrinsic thermal conductivity difference between the two subject materials which was manifested as thermal gradients throughout the material and graphite die assembly. Additionally, both the observed temperature gradients throughout the graphite die assembly and the difference in temperature reading between the optical pyrometer and thermocouples were significantly larger for the 250 ton FAST system than previous publications have demonstrated experimentally or via modeling of smaller laboratory scale systems. The findings from this work showed that relative to conventional sintering methods, the FAST process demonstrated comparable or improved material and mechanical properties with a significantly shorter processing cycle. However, the results demonstrated on the 25 ton laboratory scale unit were significantly different compared to results for the same materials sintered using the 250 ton industrial scale unit. The temperature gradients observed on the 250 ton FAST unit were significantly larger than previous reports on smaller FAST units. This result showed future efforts to scale up the FAST sintering process while maintaining similar results will require careful attention to minimizing temperature gradients. This could potentially be achieved by reducing radiative heat loss during processing and/or optimizing the graphite die design and implementing heat spreaders in specific locations dependent on the host material's thermal and electrical properties as well as the sample geometry.

Download or read book Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Refractory Metal Alloys And Ultra High Temperature Ceramics Formed By Field Assisted Sintering Technique FAST written by James Anthony Jacobs and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tungsten (W) refractory alloys are of high importance in the development of high temperatureapplication products seen in furnace elements, the aerospace industry, and many other areas.Traditional manufacturing processes produce tungsten alloys with undesirable mechanical properties due to a large grain microstructure. Commercial sintering techniques yield low densityproducts due to the poor sinterability of tungsten alloys. Field Assisted Sintering Technology(FAST) is used in this work to produce tungsten alloys with high density, and uniform microstructures. Limited research has been done with hafnium carbide (HfC) as grain growth inhibitors.W, W-1vol%HfC, W-2vol%HfC, and W-5vol%HfC were sintered at 2100-2150C, 35 MPa, for25 min. Microstructure of each composition was characterized and reported. Volume additionsof hafnium carbide at two percent or more shows a decrease in grain size of over 67% whileincreasing the hardness by over 19% when compared with a pure tungsten composition. A goodinterface was observed between the W matrix and HfC particles as confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The introduction of hafnium carbide in smallvolume fraction also greatly increases the flexural strength of the tungsten matrix during roomtemperature bend testing.Tungsten-Tantalum (W-Ta) alloys are of high importance in the development of high temperatureapplication products used in extreme environments such as nuclear fusion elements and defenserelated applications. Powder metallurgy has been used over traditional melting and casting techniques in order to improve mechanical properties and microstructure. Tungsten, tantalum, andhafnium carbide (HfC) were ball milled in compositions of W, W-10vol%Ta, Ta-10vol%W, andTa-10vol%W-1.5vol%HfC and were sintered at 2100-2200C, 35 MPa, for 25 minutes. Mechanicalproperties and microstructure were characterized and reported. X-ray diffraction (XRD), opticalmicrographs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that W-Ta samples displayed two phase regions of pure tantalum andW-Ta. The addition of hafnium carbide to the Ta-10vol%W composition did not affect elasticmodulus but greatly reduced the hardness of the material. The hardness decreases from 451to 336 VHN, or a 25.5% decrease in hardness with the addition of HfC. Small volume fractionadditions of hafnium carbide and titanium carbide to the tungsten and tantalum matrices greatlyincrease the ultimate flexural strength of these materials.Ultrahigh temperature ceramic (UHTC) systems with a composition of hafnium carbide andtantalum carbide have been theorized to exhibit the highest melting temperatures among allmaterials. Hafnium carbide and tantalum carbide are of high importance in the development ofthermal shock systems for extremely high temperature environments due to the high hardness,melting temperature, and oxidation resistance properties of these carbides. Limited researchhas been done with hafnium carbide and tantalum carbide (HfC-TaC) systems. To address thisshortcoming, HfC, HfC-TaC, HfC-TaC-Ta, HfC-TaC-TiC, and TaC compositions were sinteredusing FAST with high density and microstructure. Blended compositions of HfC-TaC sinteredachieved solid state solution. These compositions of powders were also joined with a carbon discto display the feasibility of joining the HfC-TaC to carbon systems for thermal protection applications. Microstructure of each composition was characterized by various techniques includingoptical, SEM, X-ray diffraction and HRTEM. HfC-TaC compositions sintered displayed densitiesabove 98.5% and Vickers Hardness between 1448VHN and 2222VHN. Tungsten, tantalum, andUHTC materials are used for high temperature applications and are highly used in the aerospaceindustry. Because of this, some leading edge fabrication and design is modeled within the appendix.

Download or read book Spark Plasma Sintering and Related Field Assisted Powder Consolidation Technologies written by Eugene A. Olevsky and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic field-assisted sintering techniques have increasingly attracted attention of scientists and technologists. Spark-plasma sintering (SPS) and other field-assisted powder consolidation approaches provide remarkable capabilities to the processing of materials into configurations previously unattainable. Of particular significance is the possibility of using very fast heating rates, which, coupled with the field-assisted mass transport, stand behind the purported ability to achieve high densities during consolidation and to maintain the nanostructure of consolidated materials via these techniques. Potentially, SPS and related technologies have many significant advantages over the conventional powder processing methods, including the lower process temperature, the shorter holding time, dramatically improved properties of sintered products, low manufacturing costs, and environmental friendliness.

Download or read book Sintering of Advanced Materials written by Zhigang Zak Fang and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2010-09-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is a method for manufacturing components from ceramic or metal powders by heating the powder until the particles adhere to form the component required. The resulting products are characterised by an enhanced density and strength, and are used in a wide range of industries. Sintering of advanced materials: fundamentals and processes reviews important developments in this technology and its applications Part one discusses the fundamentals of sintering with chapters on topics such as the thermodynamics of sintering, kinetics and mechanisms of densification, the kinetics of microstructural change and liquid phase sintering. Part two reviews advanced sintering processes including atmospheric sintering, vacuum sintering, microwave sintering, field/current assisted sintering and photonic sintering. Finally, Part three covers sintering of aluminium, titanium and their alloys, refractory metals, ultrahard materials, thin films, ultrafine and nanosized particles for advanced materials. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Sintering of advanced materials: fundamentals and processes reviews the latest advances in sintering and is a standard reference for researchers and engineers involved in the processing of ceramics, powder metallurgy, net-shape manufacturing and those using advanced materials in such sectors as electronics, automotive and aerospace engineering.

Download or read book Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes spark plasma sintering (SPS) in depth. It addresses fundamentals and material-specific considerations, techniques, and applications across a broad spectrum of materials. The book highlights methods used to consolidate metallic or ceramic particles in very short times. It highlights the production of complex alloys and metal matrix composites with enhanced mechanical and wear properties. Emphasis is placed on the speed of the sintering processes, uniformity in product microstructure and properties, reduced grain growth, the compaction and sintering of materials in one processing step, various materials processing, and high energy efficiency. Current and potential applications in space science and aeronautics, automation, mechanical engineering, and biomedicine are addressed throughout the book.

Download or read book Sintering Technology written by Randall M. German and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the sintering conference held at the Pennsylvania State University, USA, this text presents advances in the application of sintering to the most important industrial materials. It offers results on both solid-state and microphase sintering as well as microstructure evolution, and introduces new applications, processes, materials and solutions to technical problems.

Download or read book Sintering Techniques of Materials written by Arunachalam Lakshmanan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers new sintering techniques on ceramic materials, metals and composites as well as reprocessed PTFE. The book covers theoretical as well as experimental aspects on Spark Plasma Sintered (SPS) Porous copper, development of cutting blades with high hardness and resistance to cracking and wear, increased microhardness of austenitic steel ? TiB2 composites obtained with high pressure - high temperature sintering, Al2O3 porous body with cotton as the template and excellent thermal insulation with direct application for refractories as well as Metal matrix composites added nanostructured tantalum carbide and an overview of different sintering techniques used in powder metallurgy. Finally recycling of PTFE scrap materials using ram extrusion and compression molding is described.

Download or read book Sintering Applications written by Burcu Ertug and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is one of the final stages of ceramics fabrication and is used to increase the strength of the compacted material. In the Sintering of Ceramics section, the fabrication of electronic ceramics and glass-ceramics were presented. Especially dielectric properties were focused on. In other chapters, sintering behaviour of ceramic tiles and nano-alumina were investigated. Apart from oxides, the sintering of non-oxide ceramics was examined. Sintering the metals in a controlled atmosphere furnace aims to bond the particles together metallurgically. In the Sintering of Metals section, two sections dealt with copper containing structures. The sintering of titanium alloys is another topic focused in this section. The chapter on lead and zinc covers the sintering in the field of extractive metallurgy. Finally two more chapter focus on the basics of sintering,i.e viscous flow and spark plasma sintering.

Download or read book Handbook of Software Solutions for ICME written by Georg J. Schmitz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). The compilation covers models, software tools, and numerical methods allowing describing electronic, atomistic, and mesoscopic phenomena, which in their combination determine the microstructure and the properties of materials. It reaches out to simulations of component manufacture comprising primary shaping, forming, joining, coating, heat treatment, and machining processes. Models and tools addressing the in-service behavior like fatigue, corrosion, and eventually recycling complete the compilation. An introductory overview is provided for each of these different modelling areas highlighting the relevant phenomena and also discussing the current state for the different simulation approaches. A must-have for researchers, application engineers, and simulation software providers seeking a holistic overview about the current state of the art in a huge variety of modelling topics. This handbook equally serves as a reference manual for academic and commercial software developers and providers, for industrial users of simulation software, and for decision makers seeking to optimize their production by simulations. In view of its sound introductions into the different fields of materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering and materials processing it also serves as a tutorial for students in the emerging discipline of ICME, which requires a broad view on things and at least a basic education in adjacent fields.

Download or read book Sintering written by Suk-Joong L. Kang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-27 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is the process of forming materials and components from a powder under the action of thermal energy. It is a key materials science subject: most ceramic materials and many specialist metal powder products for use in key industries such as electronics, automotive and aerospace are formed this way. Written by one of the leading experts in the field, this book offers an unrivalled introduction to sintering and sintering processes for students of materials science and engineering, and practicing engineers in industry. The book is unique in providing a complete grounding in the principles of sintering and equal coverage of the three key sintering processes: densification, grain growth and microstructure. Students and professional engineers alike will be attracted by the emphasis on developing a detailed understanding of the theory and practical processes of sintering, the balanced coverage of ceramic and metal sintering, and the accompanying examination questions with selected solutions. Delivering unrivalled depth of coverage on the basis of sintering, science, including thermodynamics and polycrystalline microstructure. Unique in its balanced coverage of the three key sintering elements - densification, grain growth and microstructure. A key reference for students and engineers in materials science and engineering, accompanied by examination questions and selected solutions.

Download or read book Ultra High Temperature Materials IV written by Igor L. Shabalin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-12 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, as the fourth volume, continues on ultra-high temperature materials with melting (sublimation or decomposition) points around or over 2500 °C. In this quality the book has over-branched cross-links with the sections and tables of the previous Volumes I-III. Similarly to Volumes I-III, the book includes a thorough treatment of the physical and chemical properties of ultra-high temperature materials, namely such as W semi- and monocarbides, and continues the description of refractory carbides, which was begun from Volume II of the series. The book will be of interest to researchers, engineers, postgraduate, graduate and undergraduate students alike. The readers are provided with the full qualitative and quantitative assessment, which is based on the latest updates in the field of fundamental physics and chemistry, nanotechnology, materials science, design and engineering.

Download or read book Sintering From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles written by Randall German and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As sintering applications march toward a $30 billion global business, the models for sintering have progressed, but generally follow behind observation. Documentation of the steps needed to build to a quantitative and predictive theory are often missed. Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles partitions sintering applications and observations to show critical turning points required to establish modern sintering as a predictive science. This book, written by the most cited author in his field, is laced with people, organizations, critical steps, and important formulations in a mixture of history, personalities, and applications. Exploring how insights in seemingly unrelated fields sparked progress, it is also a teaching tool to show where there is success, where there are problems, and how to organize teams to leapfrog to new applications or plateaus of use. Randall German's Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles is a platform for directly addressing the critical control parameters in these new research and development efforts. Shows how the theories and understanding of sintering were developed and improved over time, and how different products were developed, ultimately leading to important knowledge and lessons for solving real sintering problems Covers all the necessary infrastructure of sintering theory and practice, such as atomic theory, surface energy, microstructure, and measurement and observation tools Introduces the history and development of such early sintered products as porcelain, tungsten lamp filaments, bronze bearings, steel automotive components, platinum crucibles and more

Download or read book Numerical Modelling and Simulation of Temperature Fields Densification and Grain Growth During Field Assisted Sintering Technology written by Sree Koundinya Sistla and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sintering Theory and Practice written by Randall M. German and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1996-01-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although sintering is an essential process in the manufacture ofceramics and certain metals, as well as several other industrialoperations, until now, no single book has treated both thebackground theory and the practical application of this complex andoften delicate procedure. In Sintering Theory and Practice, leadingresearcher and materials engineer Randall M. German presents acomprehensive treatment of this subject that will be of great useto manufacturers and scientists alike. This practical guide to sintering considers the fact that while thebonding process improves strength and other engineering propertiesof the compacted material, inappropriate methods of control maylead to cracking, distortion, and other defects. It provides aworking knowledge of sintering, and shows how to avoid problemswhile accounting for variables such as particle size, maximumtemperature, time at that temperature, and other problems that maycause changes in processing. The book describes the fundamental atomic events that govern thetransformation from particles to solid, covers all forms of thesintering process, and provides a summary of many actual productioncycles. Building from the ground up, it begins with definitions andprogresses to measurement techniques, easing the transition,especially for students, into advanced topics such as single-phasesolid-state sintering, microstructure changes, the complications ofmixed particles, and pressure-assisted sintering. German draws onsome six thousand references to provide a coherent and lucidtreatment of the subject, making scientific principles andpractical applications accessible to both students andprofessionals. In the process, he also points out and avoids thepitfalls found in various competing theories, concepts, andmathematical disputes within the field. A unique opportunity to discover what sintering is all about--bothin theory and in practice What is sintering? We see the end product of this thermal processall around us--in manufactured objects from metals, ceramics,polymers, and many compounds. From a vast professional literature,Sintering Theory and Practice emerges as the only comprehensive,systematic, and self-contained volume on the subject. Covering all aspects of sintering as a processing topic, includingmaterials, processes, theories, and the overall state of the art,the book * Offers numerous examples, illustrations, and tables that detailactual processing cycles, and that stress existing knowledge in thefield * Uses the specifics of various consolidation cycles to illustratethe basics * Leads the reader from the fundamentals to advanced topics,without getting bogged down in various mathematical disputes overtreatments and measurements * Supports the discussion with critically selected references fromthousands of sources * Examines the sintering behavior of a wide variety of engineeredmaterials--metals, alloys, oxide ceramics, composites, carbides,intermetallics, glasses, and polymers * Guides the reader through the sintering processes for severalimportant industrial materials and demonstrates how to controlthese processes effectively and improve present techniques * Provides a helpful reference for specific information onmaterials, processing problems, and concepts For practitioners and researchers in ceramics, powder metallurgy,and other areas, and for students and faculty in materials scienceand engineering, this book provides the know-how and understandingcrucial to many industrial operations, offers many ideas forfurther research, and suggests future applications of thisimportant technology. This book offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore sinteringin both practical and theoretical terms, whether at the lab or inreal-world applications, and to acquire a broad, yet thorough,understanding of this important technology.