Download or read book Simulation of Foam Displacement in Porous Media written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foam is an excellent fluid for achieving mobility control of gas in porous media. Practical application of foams for EOR processes, however requires a predictive model of foam displacement. Further, quantitative information on foam-flow behavior at reservoir flow rates and pressures is required as input to any field-scale modeling. An experimental and mechanistic-modeling study is reported for the transient flow of foam through 1.3 [mu]m2 (1.3 D) Boise sandstone at backpressures in excess of 5 MPa (700 psi) over a quality range from 0.80 to 0.99. Total superficial velocities range from as little as 0.42 to 2.20 m/day (1.4 ft/day to 7 ft/day). Sequential pressure taps and gamma-ray densitometry measure flow resistance and in-situ liquid saturations, respectively. We garner experimental pressure and saturation profiles in both the transient and steady states. Adoption of a mean-size foam-bubble conservation equation along with the traditional reservoir simulation equations allows mechanistic foam simulation. Since foam mobility depends heavily upon its texture, the bubble population balance is both useful and necessary as the role of foam texture must be incorporated into any model which seeks accurate prediction of flow properties. Our model employs capillary-pressure-dependent kinetic expressions for lamellae generation and coalescence and also a term for trapping of lamellae. Additionally, the effects of surfactant chemical transport are included. We find quantitative agreement between experimental and theoretical saturation and pressure profiles in both the transient and steady states.

Download or read book Foam Displacement in Porous Media written by Anthony Robert Kovscek and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Residual Oil in the Mechanistic Simulation of Foam Flow in Porous Media written by Timothy James Myers and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Foam Displacement in Porous Media written by Anthony Robert Kovscek and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Movement of Foam in a Pipe Under the Influence of Gravity and a Numerical Simulation of Displacement in Porous Media written by Dominique Jean-Paul Morel and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Foam Flow in Porous Media written by Bret L. Beckner and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals of Foam Transport in Porous Media written by A. R. Kovscek and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foam in porous media is a fascinating fluid both because of its unique microstructure and because its dramatic influence on the flow of gas and liquid. A wealth of information is now compiled in the literature describing foam generation, destruction, and transport mechanisms. Yet there are conflicting views of these mechanisms and on the macroscopic results they produce. By critically reviewing how surfactant formulation and porous media topology conspire to control foam texture and flow resistance, we attempt to unify the disparate viewpoints. Evolution of texture during foam displacement is quantified by a population balance on bubble concentration, which is designed specifically for convenient incorporation into a standard reservoir simulator. Theories for the dominant bubble generation and coalescence mechanisms provide physically based rate expressions for the proposed population balance. Stone-type relative permeability functions along with the texture-sensitive and shear-thinning nature of confined foam complete the model. Quite good agreement is found between theory and new experiments for transient foam displacement in linear cores.

Download or read book Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Foam Displacement in Pore Networks written by Jun Yang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foam is a complicated but fascinating fluid being widely involved in almost every technological step in petroleum industry, from drilling, well stimulation, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), production, to refining process. Its instability and unique rheology make foam one of most complicated fluids encountered in petroleum industry. From the perspective of applied science, foam is formed in-situ while gas flow being made discontinuous by thin liquid film called lamellae. Yield stress-like resistance exerted on discontinuous gas phase makes it temporarily immobile in-situ. Continuing lamellae generation, thinning, and rupture accompany with non-linear displacement of foam in porous media. These features make foam displacement more unpredictable comparing with other fluids studied in reservoirs. Currently, numerous research has been done to study integrative phenomena of foam process in porous media in macroscopic scale in past decades. However, several critical problems related to pore-level foam displacement remain unresolved until recent development in technologies of pore-scale modeling and microfluidic devices, that made it approachable to evaluate and predict foam behavior from a much smaller scale. Pore-scale foaming process and corresponding interfacial phenomena are studied experimentally and theoretically in this work to fill the gap of understanding in foam behavior wihtin the scale ranging from dozens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers. In the experimental part of this thesis, microfluidic studies are carried out to reveal pore-scale mechanisms related to formation of lamellae-rich immobile foam bank, interfacial configuration of foam, and impact of oleic phase. Results of experimental investigation revealed pore-scale foaming phenomena including discontinuous propagation of lamellae with dynamic foam texture, blockage of highly permeable paths, formation of immobile foam bank and residual defending phase. Mobility adjustment ability of foam is not significant until that sufficient number of lamellae relocate and develop into immobile foam bank after breakthrough. Although weakening effect of oleic phase is remarkable on lamellae configuration, the performance of foam displacement in the presence of oil can still be optimized by appropriate adjustment on injecting and foaming strategy by balancing the competition between reestablishment of foam bank and activation of train-like discontinuous foam flow. As for the theoretical part, a novel pore-scale modeling method is proposed by integrating algorithm of invasion percolation with memory into the framework based on pore filling event network method to simulate foam displacement in pore network incorporated with impacts of wettability, improved description on grain-based pore geometry, and dynamic interface configuration during lamellae movement. After promising validation with literature and results collected in experimental parts, several attempts have been made to modify the proposed model by adding alternative boundary constraints, impact of heterogeneity, and extension of displacement scenarios being modeled. Results of proposed model capture key pore-scale phenomena during the processes of dynamic foam generation, coalescence, and propagation, which show the incorporation of features not been reported in previous studies, including underestimated effectiveness of displacement control by weak foam under constraints of strong capillarity, relation between distribution of lamellae-rich region, and impact of wettability on foam displacement.

Download or read book Experimental and Modelign of Foam Physics in Porous Media written by Jing Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foam is a dispersion of gas in a liquid, where the liquid is continuous and part of the gas is made discontinuous by thin liquid films (lamellae) (Hirasaki and Lawson, 1985). Foam promises to substantially improve reservoir sweep in gas-injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects. Predictive modeling efforts are hindered by many complex rheological characteristics shared by foams, including a yield stress, non-Newtonian viscosity, finite shear modulus and slip at the wall, etc. (Reinelt and Kraynik, 1989). This dissertation focuses on experimental and numerical simulations on foam physics across multiple scales. The first objective is to develop ultimately a mechanistic, physical-based pore network model to improve the understanding of multiple pore-level mechanisms involved during foam propagation in porous media. To this aim, a pore network model is developed to simulate foam propagation as a drainage process of gas invasion into a porous media initially saturated with a surfactant solution. During this process, lamella generation, destruction, and mobilization are involved. A modified invasion percolation with memory (MIPM) is proposed to take the effects of lamella destruction into account. Specially, lamella generation is incorporated by snap-off, leave-behind, and division mechanisms. Lamella destruction by capillary suction at the plateau borders is modeled using the Reynolds equation for film thinning and lamella rupture is assumed to occur when the film thickness falls below a certain critical thickness at which the maximum disjoining pressure is attained. This mechanism is incorporated in the pore network model to which we add a notional time-dependency of the invasion percolation with memory mechanism. After the onset of foam mobilization, the drag on moving lamellae imparts an additional shear-thinning contribution to the effective gas viscosity. To take viscous flow effects, which arise from the drag on moving lamellae following the onset of foam mobilization, into account, the MIPM algorithm is further extended. The dependency of the flowing foam fraction on the applied pressure gradient is predicted. The relative permeabilities of two phases during simultaneous steady-state flow of liquid and gas, with lamellae generated and destructed by flow displacement, are compute. From the findings of pore network model, we acquire a thoroughly understanding of how foam propagation in porous media in the absence of oil. We then proceed to investigate foam behavior in the presence of oil and its application on enhanced heavy oil recovery in Western Canada. The Canadian heavy oil reserves are estimated to be 55 billion barrels, almost 2/3 of which are located in Saskatchewan. 97% have less than 10 m main pay zones (MPZs) and 55% have less than 5 m MPZs. Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sands (CHOPS) has been successfully implemented in many Western Canadian heavy oil reservoirs in the last two decades as the field-scale primary production process. However, A typical CHOPS primary production process has a heavy oil recovery factor of 5-15% of the original oil-in place (OOIP) (Gökhan et al., 2015). Therefore, an effective follow-up recovery process is required (Zhao et al. 2014). Thermal-based follow-up processes, such as cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) and steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), have been commercially applied in a number of thick heavy oil reservoirs. However, they are not viable for thin post-CHOPS reservoirs due to the extensive heat losses to the overburden and/or bottom-water zone. In addition, the sand production generates some high-permeability wormholes, which often present difficulties for applying follow-up processes to increase the recovery factor beyond that of CHOPS (Pan et al., 2013). The third objective is to investigate the viability of anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate and silica nanoparticles (AOT-NPs) stabilized CO2 foam injection as a means of tertiary oil recovery (after secondary waterflooding) in heavy oil systems in the presence of high-permeability wormholes generated during sand production is performed. Two types of silica nanoparticles (NPs) with varied hydrophobicity are used. Through foamability and foam stability experiments, together with complementary experiments such as measurements of CO2-water interfacial tensions, particle zeta potential, and adsorption isotherm of surfactant, the stabilization mechanisms of AOT-NPs aqueous dispersions on the CO2 foam films are revealed. Oil recovery experiments are performed in an oil-wet micromodel where high permeability channels are included to mimic wormholes in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs during sand production. Through oil recovery experiments, the pore-scale interactions between AOT-NPs foam and heavy crude oil are investigated and the mechanisms of oil displacement and hence oil recovery are revealed.

Download or read book Experimental and Simulation Study of Foam in Porous Media written by Chun Shen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Foam Displacement in Fractures written by Monrawee Pancharoen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foam flooding has been implemented in oil field applications, ranging from enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and oil well stimulation to workover and remedial well operations. In the EOR applications, foam has proven to be a promising tool for gas mobility control in gas injection processes. Increased oil recovery is mainly due to the reduction of channeling, gravity override, and viscous fingering. The mechanisms of foam flow resistance, generation, and coalescence are similar among fractured and unfractured media but the macroscopic expression of non-linear foam physics is different. Unlike foam bubble shape in porous media that is governed by pore configurations, the shape of bubbles in fractures is deformed freely according to interfacial tension and gas compressibility. The possibility of continuously varying gas-liquid curvature and the relationship of curvature to foam apparent viscosity results in different pressure drop behavior in fractures as gas flow rate and foam quality are varied. The use of the foam population-balance approach is extended to include the description of foam transport in fractures. We study numerically and experimentally foam flow resistance as a function of gas and liquid velocities and the degree of fracture heterogeneity. The full physics foam model is modified by incorporating the relationship of gas-liquid curvature change with foam flow conditions in the simulations. The foam flow resistance parameter is then calculated locally. The simulated fracture models include 1- and 2-dimensional heterogeneous and a radial homogeneous models. Model predictions compare favorably to experimental literature data. Investigation of the flow resistance of pre-generated foam flow was performed via coreflood experiments. Foam characteristics and flow resistance were studied using a visualization cell and a differential pressure transducer at different flow conditions. The use of an X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner made it possible to investigate core characterization and in-situ liquid saturation within the core. The experimental results show the dependency of foam bubble characteristics on foam flow resistance. The foam injection demonstrates a mobility reduction factor of 4 to 6 when compared with the gas injection. Foam has an ability to divert injected fluids from fractures into the matrix. This ability, however, is affected by the contrast between fracture and matrix permeabilities. The population balance method of foam in fractures that incorporates the relationship of bubble configuration and foam resistance was verified and a good agreement was found between experimental results and model predictions. A fracture network model that consists of multiple fractures with various transmissibilities was used to study the ability of foam to increase sweep efficiency and redistribute injected fluids in the fracture network. Foam dynamics were investigated visually through a transparent plastic sheet on top of the model while differential pressures were measured using a differential pressure transducer. The experiment confirms that foam texture and bubble configuration play an important role in defining foam flow characteristics in fractures. Foam also demonstrates the ability to direct injected fluids from the higher permeability fractures to the lower permeability zone. Again, the population balance method of foam in fractures was verified and the model accurately reproduced experimental results.

Download or read book Surface Properties and Flow Behavior of Foams in Relation to Fluid Displacement in Porous Media written by Tien-Feng Tyrone Ling and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface properties such as surface tension, surface viscosity, foaminess, foam quality, apparent foam viscosity, rate of drainage, bubble size distribution, etc., were investigated and correlated with fluid displacement in porous media. The effect of chain length compatibility, i.e., similarity, on surface properties of foaming solutions and fluid displacement in porous media were also studied. The foam behavior in porous media was well correlated to the surface properties of the foaming agent. The presence of long chain alcohols in the foaming agent improved fluid displacement compared to results obtained by the foaming agent alone. However, the effect of chain length compatibility was only partially observed for the fluid displacement experiments. Two mathematical models for foam flow through porous media were developed which can be used to predict foam viscosity and foam behavior in porous media. To better understand the foam stability, a numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in two dimensional bispherical coordinates was obtained and used to calculate the potential energy of interaction between two spherical bubbles. The method is completely general because neither the simplified equation (e.g., the first few terms of an expansion of the Boltzmann equation with restrictions on potential magnitude) nor other restrictive conditions (e.g., infinite flat plate model, small surface potential, univalent-salt condition, etc.) are required. Predicted potential energies were consistent with results from other models . The effect of polymer on foam properties was also studied. The improvement of surface activity of the surfactants was due mainly to the effect of the excluded polymer volume and electrical double layers. The change of the surface properties of the polymer containing foam was dependent on the counterbalance of the rheology of the liquid films and the water content in the liquid films. These studies have been successfully applied to enhanced oil recovery and to characterization of biological polymers. A concept of surfactant-polymer-foam flooding is proposed, including the use of nonionic surfactants to form alcohol-free microemulsions and the injection of foam for the mobility control in heavy oil recovery. A wash-out mechanism in porous media was applied to characterize the physical properties of intraocular biological polymers.

Download or read book Computational Methods for Multiphase Flows in Porous Media written by Zhangxin Chen and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2006-04-01 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a fundamental and practical introduction to the use of computational methods. A thorough discussion of practical aspects of the subject is presented in a consistent manner, and the level of treatment is rigorous without being unnecessarily abstract. Each chapter ends with bibliographic information and exercises.

Download or read book Foams and Emulsions written by J.F. Sadoc and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general and introductory survey of foams, emulsions and cellular materials. Foams and emulsions are illustrations of some fundamental concepts in statistical thermodynamics, rheology, elasticity and the physics and chemistry of divided media and interfaces. They also give rise to some of the most beautiful geometrical shapes and tilings, ordered or disordered. The chapters are grouped into sections having fairly loose boundaries. Each chapter is intelligible alone, but cross referencing means that the few concepts that may not be familiar to the reader can be found in other chapters in the book. Audience: Research students, researchers and teachers in physics, physical chemistry, materials science, mechanical engineering and geometry.

Download or read book Porous Media Physics Models Simulation Proceedings Of The International Conference written by M Panfilov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-01-11 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concerns a rapidly developing area of science that deals with the behavior of porous media saturated by fluids. Three basic aspects of this field are rather uniformly balanced in the book; namely, complex physical mechanisms of processes in porous media, new mathematical models, and numerical methods of process study. The following topics are included: homogenization and up-scaling of flow through heterogeneous media; micro-structural laws of complex flow at the pore scale; flow with phase transition and chemical reactions in porous media; wave propagation in saturated porous media; numerical model of flow in natural oil reservoirs; non-classical models of flow, percolation, fractals, foam flow; multi-phase flow with free surface. The contributors to this volume are leading researchers in the field.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Foam Transport in Porous Media written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foam in porous media is a fascinating fluid both because of its unique microstructure and because its dramatic influence on the flow of gas and liquid. A wealth of information is now compiled in the literature describing foam generation, destruction, and transport mechanisms. Yet there are conflicting views of these mechanisms and on the macroscopic results they produce. By critically reviewing how surfactant formulation and porous media topology conspire to control foam texture and flow resistance, we attempt to unify the disparate viewpoints. Evolution of texture during foam displacement is quantified by a population balance on bubble concentration, which is designed specifically for convenient incorporation into a standard reservoir simulator. Theories for the dominant bubble generation and coalescence mechanisms provide physically based rate expressions for the proposed population balance. Stone-type relative permeability functions along with the texture-sensitive and shear-thinning nature of confined foam complete the model. Quite good agreement is found between theory and new experiments for transient foam displacement in linear cores.

Download or read book Traveling Wave Solutions of Parabolic Systems written by A. I. Volpert and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of travelling waves described by parabolic equations and systems is a rapidly developing branch of modern mathematics. This book presents a general picture of current results about wave solutions of parabolic systems, their existence, stability, and bifurcations. With introductory material accessible to non-mathematicians and a nearly complete bibliography of about 500 references, this book is an excellent resource on the subject.