Download or read book Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis in Psychology and Diagnostics written by John A. Swets and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal detection theory--as developed in electrical engineering and based on statistical decision theory--was first applied to human sensory discrimination 40 years ago. The theoretical intent was to provide a valid model of the discrimination process; the methodological intent was to provide reliable measures of discrimination acuity in specific sensory tasks. An analytic method of detection theory, called the relative operating characteristic (ROC), can isolate the effect of the placement of the decision criterion, which may be variable and idiosyncratic, so that a pure measure of intrinsic discrimination acuity is obtained. For the past 20 years, ROC analysis has also been used to measure the discrimination acuity or inherent accuracy of a broad range of practical diagnostic systems. It was widely adopted by methodologists in the field of information retrieval, is increasingly used in weather forecasting, and is the generally preferred method in clinical medicine, primarily in radiology. This book attends to both themes, ROC analysis in the psychology laboratory and in practical diagnostic settings, and to their essential unity. The focus of this book is on detection and recognition as fundamental tasks that underlie most complex behaviors. As defined here, they serve to distinguish between two alternative, confusable stimulus categories, which may be perceptual or cognitive categories in the psychology laboratory, or different states of the world in practical diagnostic tasks. This book on signal detection theory in psychology was written by one of the developers of the theory, who co-authored with D.M. Green the classic work published in this area in 1966 (reprinted in 1974 and 1988). This volume reviews the history of the theory in engineering, statistics, and psychology, leading to the separate measurement of the two independent factors in all discrimination tasks, discrimination acuity and decision criterion. It extends the previous book to show how in several areas of psychology--in vigilance and memory--what had been thought to be discrimination effects were, in reality, effects of a changing criterion. The book shows that data plotted in terms of the relative operating characteristic have essentially the same form across the wide range of discrimination tasks in psychology. It develops the implications of this ROC form for measures of discrimination acuity, pointing up the valid ones and identifying several common, but invalid, ones. The area under the binormal ROC is seen to be supported by the data; the popular measures d' and percent correct are not. An appendix describes the best, current programs for fitting ROCs and estimating their parameters, indices, and standard errors. The application of ROC analysis to diagnostic tasks is also described. Diagnostic accuracy in a wide range of tasks can be expressed in terms of the ROC area index. Choosing the appropriate decision criterion for a given diagnostic setting--rather than considering some single criterion to be natural and fixed--has a major impact on the efficacy of a diagnostic process or system. Illustrated here by separate chapters are diagnostic systems in radiology, information retrieval, aptitude testing, survey research, and environments in which imminent dangerous conditions must be detected. Data from weather forecasting, blood testing, and polygraph lie detection are also reported. One of these chapters describes a general approach to enhancing the accuracy of diagnostic systems.
Download or read book Signal Detection Theory and ROC analysis written by James P. Egan and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics written by David Marvin Green and published by Peninsula Pub. This book was released on 1988-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the application of signal detection theory to the analysis an measurement of humn observer's sensor sysem. The theory provides a way to analyze what had been called the threshold or sensory limen, the basic unit of all discrimination studies, whether human or animal. The book outlines the theory of statisical decision making and its application to a variety of common psychophysical processes. It shows how signal detection theory can be used to separate sensory and decision aspects of responses in dicrimination. The concepts of the ideal observer and energy detector are presented and compared with human auditory detection data. Signal detection theory is appliced to a variety of other substanditive problemsin sensory psychology. Signal Detection Theory and Psychology is an invaluable book for psychologists dealing with sensory perception, especailly auditory, for psychologists studying discrimination in other cognitivie processes, and for human factor engineers dealing with man/machine interfaces.
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Metacognition written by Stephen M. Fleming and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metacognition is the capacity to reflect upon and evaluate cognition and behaviour. Long of interest to philosophers and psychologists, metacognition has recently become the target of research in the cognitive neurosciences. By combining brain imaging, computational modeling, neuropsychology and insights from psychiatry, the present book offers a picture of the metacognitive functions of the brain. Chapters cover the definition and measurement of metacognition in humans and non-human animals, the computational underpinnings of metacognitive judgments the cognitive neuroscience of self-monitoring ranging from confidence to error-monitoring and neuropsychiatric studies of disorders of metacognition. This book provides an invaluable overview of a rapidly emerging and important field within cognitive neuroscience.
Download or read book Evaluation of diagnostic systems written by John Swets and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation of Diagnostic Systems: Methods from Signal Detection Theory addresses the many issues that arise in evaluating the performance of a diagnostic system, across the wide range of settings in which such systems are used. These settings include clinical medicine, industrial quality control, environmental monitoring and investigation, machine and metals inspection, military monitoring, information retrieval, and crime investigation. The book is divided into three parts encompassing 11 chapters that emphasize the interpretation of diagnostic visual images by human observers. The first part of the book describes quantitative methods for measuring the accuracy of a system and the statistical techniques for drawing inferences from performance tests. The subsequent part covers study design and includes a detailed description of the form and conduct of an image-interpretation test. The concluding part examines the case study of a medical imaging system that serves as an example of both simple and complex applications. In this part, three mammographic modalities are used: industrial film radiography, low-dose film radiography, and xeroradiography. The case study focuses on the overall reliability of accuracy indices made by its main components, that is, the variabilities across cases, across readers, and within individual readers. The supplementary texts provide study protocols, a computer program for processing test results, and an extensive list of references that will assist the reader in applying those evaluative methods to diagnostic systems in any setting. This book is of value to scientists and engineers, as well as to applied, quantitative, or experimental psychologists who are engaged in the study of the human processes of discrimination and decision making in either perceptual or cognitive tasks.
Download or read book Detection Theory written by Neil A. Macmillan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-09-22 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection Theory is an introduction to one of the most important tools for analysis of data where choices must be made and performance is not perfect. Originally developed for evaluation of electronic detection, detection theory was adopted by psychologists as a way to understand sensory decision making, then embraced by students of human memory. It has since been utilized in areas as diverse as animal behavior and X-ray diagnosis. This book covers the basic principles of detection theory, with separate initial chapters on measuring detection and evaluating decision criteria. Some other features include: *complete tools for application, including flowcharts, tables, pointers, and software; *student-friendly language; *complete coverage of content area, including both one-dimensional and multidimensional models; *separate, systematic coverage of sensitivity and response bias measurement; *integrated treatment of threshold and nonparametric approaches; *an organized, tutorial level introduction to multidimensional detection theory; *popular discrimination paradigms presented as applications of multidimensional detection theory; and *a new chapter on ideal observers and an updated chapter on adaptive threshold measurement. This up-to-date summary of signal detection theory is both a self-contained reference work for users and a readable text for graduate students and other researchers learning the material either in courses or on their own.
Download or read book Principles of Signal Detection and Parameter Estimation written by Bernard C. Levy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive and current understanding of signal detection and estimation, including problems and solutions for each chapter. Signal detection plays an important role in fields such as radar, sonar, digital communications, image processing, and failure detection. The book explores both Gaussian detection and detection of Markov chains, presenting a unified treatment of coding and modulation topics. Addresses asymptotic of tests with the theory of large deviations, and robust detection. This text is appropriate for students of Electrical Engineering in graduate courses in Signal Detection and Estimation.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Database Systems written by Ling Liu and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intelligence Analysis written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. intelligence community (IC) is a complex human enterprise whose success depends on how well the people in it perform their work. Although often aided by sophisticated technologies, these people ultimately rely on their own intellect to identify, synthesize, and communicate the information on which the nation's security depends. The IC's success depends on having trained, motivated, and thoughtful people working within organizations able to understand, value, and coordinate their capabilities. Intelligence Analysis provides up-to-date scientific guidance for the intelligence community (IC) so that it might improve individual and group judgments, communication between analysts, and analytic processes. The papers in this volume provide the detailed evidentiary base for the National Research Council's report, Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences. The opening chapter focuses on the structure, missions, operations, and characteristics of the IC while the following 12 papers provide in-depth reviews of key topics in three areas: analytic methods, analysts, and organizations. Informed by the IC's unique missions and constraints, each paper documents the latest advancements of the relevant science and is a stand-alone resource for the IC's leadership and workforce. The collection allows readers to focus on one area of interest (analytic methods, analysts, or organizations) or even one particular aspect of a category. As a collection, the volume provides a broad perspective of the issues involved in making difficult decisions, which is at the heart of intelligence analysis.
Download or read book An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation written by H. Vincent Poor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the basic theory of signal detection and estimation. It is assumed that the reader has a working knowledge of applied probabil ity and random processes such as that taught in a typical first-semester graduate engineering course on these subjects. This material is covered, for example, in the book by Wong (1983) in this series. More advanced concepts in these areas are introduced where needed, primarily in Chapters VI and VII, where continuous-time problems are treated. This book is adapted from a one-semester, second-tier graduate course taught at the University of Illinois. However, this material can also be used for a shorter or first-tier course by restricting coverage to Chapters I through V, which for the most part can be read with a background of only the basics of applied probability, including random vectors and conditional expectations. Sufficient background for the latter option is given for exam pIe in the book by Thomas (1986), also in this series.
Download or read book Detection Theory written by Neil A. Macmillan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-09-22 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection Theory is an introduction to one of the most important tools for analysis of data where choices must be made and performance is not perfect. Originally developed for evaluation of electronic detection, detection theory was adopted by psychologists as a way to understand sensory decision making, then embraced by students of human memory. It has since been utilized in areas as diverse as animal behavior and X-ray diagnosis. This book covers the basic principles of detection theory, with separate initial chapters on measuring detection and evaluating decision criteria. Some other features include: *complete tools for application, including flowcharts, tables, pointers, and software; *student-friendly language; *complete coverage of content area, including both one-dimensional and multidimensional models; *separate, systematic coverage of sensitivity and response bias measurement; *integrated treatment of threshold and nonparametric approaches; *an organized, tutorial level introduction to multidimensional detection theory; *popular discrimination paradigms presented as applications of multidimensional detection theory; and *a new chapter on ideal observers and an updated chapter on adaptive threshold measurement. This up-to-date summary of signal detection theory is both a self-contained reference work for users and a readable text for graduate students and other researchers learning the material either in courses or on their own.
Download or read book A Primer of Signal Detection Theory written by Don McNicol and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-01-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Primer of Signal Detection Theory is being reprinted to fill the gap in literature on Signal Detection Theory--a theory that is still important in psychology, hearing, vision, audiology, and related subjects. This book is intended to present the methods of Signal Detection Theory to a person with a basic mathematical background. It assumes knowledge only of elementary algebra and elementary statistics. Symbols and terminology are kept at a basic level so that the eventual and hoped for transfer to a more advanced text will be accomplished as easily as possible. Intended for undergraduate students at an introductory level, the book is divided into two sections. The first part introduces the basic ideas of detection theory and its fundamental measures. Its aim is to enable the reader to be able to understand and compute these measures. It concludes with a detailed analysis of a typical experiment and a discussion of some of the problems which can arise for the potential user of detection theory. The second section considers three more advanced topics: threshold theory, the extension of detection theory, and an examination of Thurstonian scaling procedures.
Download or read book Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements written by Jian Bi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory testing and measurement are the main functions of sensory analysis. In recent years, the sensory and consumer field has evolved to include both difference testing and similarity testing, and new sensory discrimination methods such as the tetrads have received more attention in the literature. This second edition of Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements is updated throughout and responds to these changes and includes: A wide range of sensory measurements: Measurements of sensory effect (d', R-index and Gini-index); Measurements of performance of trained sensory panel (Intraclass correlation coefficients and Cronbachs coefficient alpha); Measurements of relative importance of correlated sensory and consumer attributes (drivers of consumer liking or purchase intent); Measurements of consumer emotions and psychographics; Measurements of time-intensity; Measurements of sensory thresholds; Measurements of sensory risk with negative sensory effects (Benchmark Dose, BMD, methodology) Measurements of sensory shelf life (SSL). A balanced introduction of sensory discrimination tests including difference tests and similarity tests. Bayesian approach to sensory discrimination tests. Modified and multiple-sample discrimination tests. Replicated discrimination tests using the beta-binomial (BB), corrected beta-binomial (CBB), and Dirichlet-multinomial (DM) models. Sensory discrimination methods including the tetrads and the M+N. R and S-Plus codes for all the measurements and tests introduced in the book. Mainly intended for researchers and practitioners in the sensory and consumer field, the book is a useful reference for modern sensory analysis and consumer research, especially for sensometrics.
Download or read book Science of the Placebo written by Harry Guess and published by BMJ Books. This book was released on 2002-03-15 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a meeting in November 2000, this book brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines to examine the biological, behavioral, social, cultural and ethical aspects related to the placebo effect. Perspectives on the necessity for including a placebo in randomized clinical trials will also be examined. This is the first attempt to examine the evidence-base of the placebo effect and will provide important information for clinicans.
Download or read book ROC Curves for Continuous Data written by Wojtek J. Krzanowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-21 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since ROC curves have become ubiquitous in many application areas, the various advances have been scattered across disparate articles and texts. ROC Curves for Continuous Data is the first book solely devoted to the subject, bringing together all the relevant material to provide a clear understanding of how to analyze ROC curves.The fundamenta
Download or read book The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques written by Ehsan Samei and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art review of key topics in medical image perception science and practice, including associated techniques, illustrations and examples. This second edition contains extensive updates and substantial new content. Written by key figures in the field, it covers a wide range of topics including signal detection, image interpretation and advanced image analysis (e.g. deep learning) techniques for interpretive and computational perception. It provides an overview of the key techniques of medical image perception and observer performance research, and includes examples and applications across clinical disciplines including radiology, pathology and oncology. A final chapter discusses the future prospects of medical image perception and assesses upcoming challenges and possibilities, enabling readers to identify new areas for research. Written for both newcomers to the field and experienced researchers and clinicians, this book provides a comprehensive reference for those interested in medical image perception as means to advance knowledge and improve human health.
Download or read book The Polygraph and Lie Detection written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-22 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polygraph, often portrayed as a magic mind-reading machine, is still controversial among experts, who continue heated debates about its validity as a lie-detecting device. As the nation takes a fresh look at ways to enhance its security, can the polygraph be considered a useful tool? The Polygraph and Lie Detection puts the polygraph itself to the test, reviewing and analyzing data about its use in criminal investigation, employment screening, and counter-intelligence. The book looks at: The theory of how the polygraph works and evidence about how deceptivenessâ€"and other psychological conditionsâ€"affect the physiological responses that the polygraph measures. Empirical evidence on the performance of the polygraph and the success of subjects' countermeasures. The actual use of the polygraph in the arena of national security, including its role in deterring threats to security. The book addresses the difficulties of measuring polygraph accuracy, the usefulness of the technique for aiding interrogation and for deterrence, and includes potential alternativesâ€"such as voice-stress analysis and brain measurement techniques.
