Download or read book Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in a Multimedia Environment written by Deborah Hall Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multimedia Environmental Models written by J. Mark Parnis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-07 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach, Third Edition, takes a broad approach of viewing chemical behavior in the total biosphere of connected biotic and abiotic compartments. Chemicals are subject to the laws of "mass balance," a constraint that provides the opportunity to establish quantitative expressions for chemical fate that are central to chemical management and regulatory legislation. This book employs both the conventional concentration-based procedures and those based on application of the more elegant and powerful concept of fugacity to characterize equilibrium, steady-state distribution, and time-dependent transport between environmental phases such as air, water, and soil. Organic chemicals are emphasized because they are more easily generalized when assessing environmental behavior. Features Illustrates professional approaches to calculating the fate of chemicals in the environment Explicitly details all worked examples in an annotated step-by-step fashion Presents real-life freely downloadable models of use to government, industry, and private consulting professionals and students alike Clarifies symbols and notation

Download or read book Multimedia Environmental Models written by Donald Mackay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-02-26 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach, Second Edition continues to provide simple techniques for calculating how chemicals behave in the environment, where they accumulate, how long they persist, and how this leads to human exposure. The book develops, describes, and illustrates the framework and pro

Download or read book Biophysico Chemical Processes of Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Environmental Systems written by Baoshan Xing and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to the classical books which largely focus on separate, individual physicochemical and biological aspects, this book aims to integrate the frontiers of knowledge on the fundamentals and the impact of physicochemical and biological interactions and processes of AOCs in soil, sediment, water and air. The specific objectives of this book are to address: (1) fundamental biophysico-chemical processes of AOCs in the environment, (2) occurrence and distribution of AOCs in air, water, and soil, and their global cycling, (3) the state-of-the-art analytical techniques of AOCs, and (4) restoration of natural environments contaminated by AOCs. The book also identifies the gaps in knowledge on the subject matter and as such provides future directions to stimulate scientific research to advance the chemical science on biophysico-chemical interfacial reactions in natural habitats. By virtue of complex nature of the interactions of AOCs with different environmental components and matrixes, no single available technique and instrument is satisfactory yet for determining their fate, transport, availability, and risk in the environment. In order to fully understand the biophysico-chemical interactions and processes of AOCs in the environment, it is critical to know chemical, physical and biological properties of AOCs and their analytical techniques. The book is unique because of its multidisciplinary approach as it provides a comprehensive and integrated coverage of biophysico-chemical reactions and processes of AOCs in various environments, associated analytical techniques, and restoration of natural environments contaminated by AOCs.

Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Report of the OECD UNEP Workshop on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Environmental Persistence and Long Range Transport in the Context of PBTS POPS Assessment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002-12-12 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document contains the report from the OECD/UNEP Workshop on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Persistence and Long-range Transport in the Context of PBTs/POPs Assessment, held on 29-31 October 2001 in Ottawa, Canada, together ...

Download or read book Hazardous Substances and Human Health written by Till M Bachmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-03-02 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is widespread public concern about hazardous chemicals that are contained in air, soil, water and food. Policy has therefore adopted a series of laws and regulations concerning emissions into and concentration levels in different media including food. As policy makers do not only have to consider the protection of the environment but also need to ensure a well-functioning economy at the same time, these limit or target values need to be set in a balanced way. The main problem, however, is to compare the costs for achieving these targets with the benefits to society by having a smaller exposure to hazardous substances (cost-benefit analysis). This book sets out to improve the reliability of cost-benefit analyses particularly of hazardous substances present in air, water, soil and food. It suggests that the human health risk assessment of chemicals is performed in a bottom-up analysis, i.e., following a spatially resolved multimedia modelling approach. In order to support cost-benefit analyses, the approach is accompanied by monetary valuation of human health impacts, yielding so-called external costs. Results for selected priority metals show that these external costs are small compared to those by the classical air pollutants and involve rather long time horizons touching on the aspect of intergenerational equity within sustainable development. When including further hazardous substances, the total external costs attributable to contaminants are expected to be more substantial.

Download or read book Probability Statistics and Life Cycle Assessment written by Reinout Heijungs and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Issues in Environmental Economics Engineering and Technology 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Environmental Economics, Engineering, and Technology: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Environmental Economics. The editors have built Issues in Environmental Economics, Engineering, and Technology: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Environmental Economics in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Environmental Economics, Engineering, and Technology: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Atmospheric Degradation of Organic Substances written by Walter Klöpffer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation on the degradation of 1,100 commercially important chemical products is the first publication to make this knowledge publicly accessible in one book. The data and annotations have been painstakingly assembled over a 10-year period in a collaboration between academia and regulatory authorities. The work explains in detail the methods, including computational ones, for the environmental assessment of volatile and semi-volatile substances, and is rounded off with data tables of degradation rates. A key resource for manufacturers and regulators of such substances.

Download or read book Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries written by Stefan Posner and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Tema Nord report presents a study based on open information and custom market research to review the most common perfluorinated substances (PFC) with less focus on PFOS and PFOA. The study includes three major parts:1) Identification of relevant per-and polyfluorinated substances and their use in various industrial sectors in the Nordic market by interviews with major players and database information; 2) Emissions to and occurence in the Nordic environment of the substances described in 1); 3) A summary of knowledge of the toxic effects on humans and the environment of substances prioritized in 2); There is a lack of physical chemical data, analystical reference substances, human and environmental occurrence and toxicology data, as well as market information regarding PFCs other than PFOA and PFOS and the current legislation cannot enforce disclosure of specific PFC substance information.

Download or read book Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment and the Human Body written by Philippe Ciffroy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on modelling the fate of chemicals in the environment and the human body to arrive at an integrated exposure assessment. It covers five broad topics, namely: future challenges in exposure assessment; the evolution of human health and environmental risk assessment; standard documentation for exposure models; modelling different environmental components (i.e. surface waters, atmosphere, soil, groundwater, plants, aquatic organisms and mammals); and the fate of contaminants in humans. This work draws on the authors’ and editors’ extensive experience and a range of different research activities, including case studies, that have led to the development of MERLIN-Expo, a standardised software package for simulating the fate of chemicals in the main environmental systems and in the human body in an integrated manner. It will be of considerable interest to researchers and students, risk managers, and policy- and decision-makers whose work involves environmental protection and human health.

Download or read book Monitors of Organic Chemicals in the Environment written by James N. Huckins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of this book are pioneers of the passive, integrative sampling approach and developers of globally applied semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). The book will boost understanding of how passive samplers such as SPMD function by examining basic exchange processes that mediate the concentration of SVOCs in a sampling matrix. The book delineates fundamental theory and modeling techniques, while providing a practical guide for its proper application.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis written by Chunlong Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-09 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis A fully reworked and updated introduction to the fundamentals and applications of environmental sampling and analysis Environmental sampling and analysis are essential components of environmental data acquisition and scientific research. The acquisition of reliable data with respect to proper sampling, chemical and instrumental methodology, and QA/QC is a critical precursor to all environmental work. No would-be environmental scientist, engineer, or policymaker can succeed without an understanding of how to correctly acquire, assess and use credible data. Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis, 2nd edition provides this understanding, with a comprehensive survey of the theory and applications of these critical sampling and analytical tools. The field of environmental research has expanded greatly since the publication of the first edition, and this book has been completely rewritten to reflect the latest studies and technological developments. The resulting mix of theory and practice will continue to serve as the standard introduction to the subject. Readers of the second edition of Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis will also find: Three new chapters and numerous expanded sections on topics of emerging environmental concerns Detailed discussion of subjects including passive sampling, Raman spectroscopy, non-targeted mass spectroscopic analysis, and many more Over 500 sample problems and solutions along with other supplementary instructional materials Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis is ideal for students of environmental science and engineering as well as professionals and regulators for whom reliable environmental data through sampling and analysis is critical.

Download or read book Handbook of Chemical Mass Transport in the Environment written by Louis J. Thibodeaux and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of the state of the science of environmental mass transport Edited by Louis J. Thibodeaux and Donald Mackay, renowned experts in this field, the Handbook of Chemical Mass Transport in the Environment covers those processes which are critically important for assessing chemical fate, exposure, and risk. In a comprehensive and authoritative format, this unique handbook provides environmental chemists, geoscientists, engineers, and modelers with the essential capabilities to understand and quantify transport. In addition, it offers a one-stop resource on environmental mass transfer and mass transport coefficient estimation methods for all genres. The book begins by discussing mass transport fundamentals from an environmental perspective. It introduces the concept of mobility — key to environmental fate, since transport must occur prior to any reaction or partitioning within the natural multimedia compartments. The fugacity approach to environmental mass transfer and the conventional approach are examined. This is followed by a description of the individual mass transport processes and the appropriate flux equations required for a quantitative expression. The editors have identified 41 individual processes believed to be the most environmentally significant, which form the basis for the remainder of the book Using a consistent format for easy reference, each chapter: Introduces the specific processes Provides a detailed qualitative description Presents key theoretical mathematical formulations Describes field or laboratory measurements of transport parameters Gives data tables and algorithms for numerical estimates Offers a guide for users familiar with the process who are seeking a direct pathway to obtain the numerical coefficients Presents computed example problems, case studies and/or exercises with worked-through solutions and answers The final chapter presents the editors’ insight into future needs and emerging priorities. Accessible and relevant to a broad range of science and engineering users, this volume captures the state of the transport science and practice in this critical area.

Download or read book Comparative Risk Assessment and Environmental Decision Making written by Igor Linkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-02 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision making in environmental projects is typically a complex and confusing process characterized by trade-offs between socio-political, environmental, and economic impacts. Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) is a methodology applied to facilitate decision making when various activities compete for limited resources. CRA has become an increasingly accepted research tool and has helped to characterize environmental profiles and priorities on the regional and national level. CRA may be considered as part of the more general but as yet quite academic field of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Considerable research in the area of MCDA has made available methods for applying scientific decision theoretical approaches to multi-criteria problems, but its applications, especially in environmental areas, are still limited. The papers show that the use of comparative risk assessment can provide the scientific basis for environmentally sound and cost-efficient policies, strategies, and solutions to our environmental challenges.

Download or read book Environmental Systems Science written by Daniel A. Vallero and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Systems Science: Theory and Practical Applications looks at pollution and environmental quality from a systems perspective. Credible human and ecological risk estimation and prediction methods are described, including life cycle assessment, feasibility studies, pollution control decision tools, and approaches to determine adverse outcome pathways, fate and transport, sampling and analysis, and cost-effectiveness. The book brings translational science to environmental quality, applying groundbreaking methodologies like informatics, data mining, and applications of secondary data systems. Multiple human and ecological variables are introduced and integrated to support calculations that aid environmental and public health decision making. The book bridges the perspectives of scientists, engineers, and other professionals working in numerous environmental and public health fields addressing problems like toxic substances, deforestation, climate change, and loss of biological diversity, recommending sustainable solutions to these and other seemingly intractable environmental problems. The causal agents discussed include physical, chemical, and biological agents, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), SARS-CoV-2 (the COVID-19 virus), and other emerging contaminants. - Provides an optimistic and interdisciplinary approach, underpinned by scientific first principles and theory to evaluate pollutant sources and sinks, applying biochemodynamic methods, measurements and models - Deconstructs prior initiatives in environmental assessment and management using an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate what has worked and why - Lays out a holistic understanding of the real impact of human activities on the current state of pollution, linking the physical sciences and engineering with socioeconomic, cultural perspectives, and environmental justice - Takes a life cycle view of human and ecological systems, from the molecular to the planetary scale, integrating theories and tools from various disciplines to assess the current and projected states of environmental quality - Explains the elements of risk, reliability and resilience of built and natural systems, including discussions of toxicology, sustainability, and human-pollutant interactions based on spatial, biological, and human activity information, i.e. the exposome

Download or read book Bioavailability of Organic Xenobiotics in the Environment written by P. Baveye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the continuing fight against organic environmental xenobiotics, the initial success attributed to bioremediation has paled, in part due to the low availability of xenobiotics entrapped within a soil or sediment matrix. This has generated a very significant wave of interest in the bioavailability issue. However, much experimental evidence is puzzling or contradictory, mechanistic theories are embryonic, and implications for the practice of bioremediation or concerning the natural fate of xenobiotics are still tentative. The debate in Europe and the USA is vigorous. Eastern Europe, following the liberalisation of the economy and political life, is evolving in a similar direction. In many cases, however, limited access to literature sources, severe language barriers, and the lack of a strong pluridisciplinary tradition are hampering the adoption of state of the art techniques. Originally intended to allow scientists in East European countries to become acquainted with the key aspects of the bioavailability debate that is unfolding in the scientific literature in the West, and with its implications for bioremediation efforts, the present book presents a very complete coverage of the theoretical and practical aspects of the (limited) bioavailability of organic xenobiotics in the environment.