Download or read book The Turbulent Ocean written by S. A. Thorpe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of ocean turbulence is in a state of discovery and development with many intellectual challenges. This book describes the principal dynamic processes that control the distribution of turbulence, its dissipation of kinetic energy and its effects on the dispersion of properties such as heat, salinity, and dissolved or suspended matter in the deep ocean, the shallow coastal and the continental shelf seas. It focuses on the measurement of turbulence, and the consequences of turbulent motion in the oceanic boundary layers at the sea surface and near the seabed. Processes are illustrated by examples of laboratory experiments and field observations. The Turbulent Ocean provides an excellent resource for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as an introduction and general overview for researchers. It will be of interest to all those involved in the study of fluid motion, in particular geophysical fluid mechanics, meteorology and the dynamics of lakes.

Download or read book Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters written by Hubert Chanson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-13 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-level river crossings, including culverts, are important for delivering a range of valuable socioeconomic services, including transportation and hydrological control. These structures are also known to have negative impacts on freshwater river system morphology and ecology, including the blockage of upstream fish passage, particularly small-body-mass fish species. Given the enormous environmental problems created by road crossings, new hydraulic engineering guidelines are proposed for fish-friendly multi-cell box culvert designs. The focus of these guidelines is on smooth box culverts without appurtenance, with a novel approach based upon three basic concepts: (I) the culvert design is optimized for fish passage for small to medium water discharges, and for flood capacity for larger discharges, (II) low-velocity zones are provided along the wetted perimeter in the culvert barrel, and quantified in terms of a fraction of the wetted flow area where the local longitudinal velocity is less than a characteristic fish speed linked to swimming performances of targeted fish species, and (III) the culvert barrel is smooth, without any other form of boundary treatment and appurtenance. The present monograph develops a number of practical considerations, in particular relevant to box culvert operations for less-than-design discharges. It is argued that upstream fish passage capabilities would imply a revised approach to maintenance, in part linked to the targeted fish species. This reference work is authored for civil and environmental engineers, as well as biology and ecology scientists interested in culvert design. While the book is aimed to professionals, the material is also lectured in postgraduate courses and in professional short courses.

Download or read book Scaling The Turbulent Waters written by Marques Vickers and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific Coast bridges symbolize a suspended engineering subjugation of hostile topography and inclement weather. Soaring as monumental arches above formerly impassible water bodies, these structurally tiered marvels have embedded themselves organically as creations of sculpture. This edition is a detailed photographic profile of elegance, ornamentation and detail design of 85 spans crossing the Pacific Ocean, coastal rivers, valleys and waterways within California, Oregon and Washington. The edition features accompanying dimensional information along with interesting and relevant historical anecdotes.The book's intent is to display perspective detail, alternative views and pictorial examinations of the artistry and utilitarian construction. Despite the majesty of these enduring architectural icons, few bridge designers have achieved the renown as their urban creative peers.Oregon based engineer, Conde McCullough is championed with an essay entitled "Scaling Above the Currents With Elegance" tracing the trajectory of his life and professional career. McCullough is noteworthy for his completion of hundreds of design projects with twelve listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The most traveled of his bridges were completed between the 1919-1936, when he headed the bridge design division of the Oregon Department of Transportation. What set McCullough apart from his contemporaries was his insistence that aesthetics must accompany form and function. His art deco and modernist stylings have established his completed works as classics. Creating during an era when automobile predominance had not yet been established, many of his narrow dimension works have become impractical for contemporary traffic loads. The design elements make the inconvenience tolerable.Following a two-year sabbatical where he worked designing bridges for the Pan American Highway in Central America, McCullough abruptly retired completely from bridge design at the age of 49. The majority of his iconic Oregon projects are located along the Pacific Coast Highway. The bridge crossing Coos Bay, designed by his department, was renamed the Conde McCullough Memorial Bridge following his sudden death from a stroke in 1946 at the age of 58.The architectural development of the Pacific Coast can be credited to an established bridge network, particularly within Northern California, along the Oregon Coastline and Puget Sound. The remaining challenges involve proper maintenance to preserve these steadfast cathedrals of passage.

Download or read book Small Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean written by J.C.J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-05-01 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the 19th International Liège Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, the programme of which focused on the relationships between small-scale mixing and large-scale features, transports and processes. The presentation of papers on various methods of parameterization of small-scale turbulent mixing for numerical ocean models was particularly encouraged and this resulted in more than a third of the papers presented at the Colloquium dealing in one way or another with the parameterization problems; many of these papers demonstrate the direct results of modelling. These proportions are well reflected in this volume of proceedings and thus emphasize once more the importance of small-scale turbulence research for such vital practical applications as ocean modelling and forecasting.

Download or read book Turbulent Jets and Plumes written by Joseph Hun-wei Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-09-30 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CD-ROM contains: an interactive PC-based virtual-reality modelling software (VISJET 2.0 limited version).

Download or read book Turbulence in the Ocean written by Monin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four years have elapsed since the preparation of the original Russian version of this book. This is a long time when dealing with such actively expanding fields of oceanography as research into small-scale structures and the investigation of hydro physical processes. Over this period new quick-response devices have been developed and successfully used for measurements taken in various ocean areas. Improvements in high-frequency meters used to measure hydrophysical parameters has enabled workers to obtain more accurate absolute values of the fluctuations measured by such devices. In view of this scientific progress, some of the ideas presented in this book now require additional explanation. Great care should be used in dealing with the absolute fluctuation values of hydro physical fields, since the methods used for the determination of the accuracy of the high-frequency measuring devices have been imperfect in the past. Never theless, it would appear that the results of the investigations summarized in this book have not lost their importance, and that the established laws governing small-scale pro cesses in the ocean are of a sufficiently universal nature and, as such, have not been shattered with the qualitative and quantitative advances in devices used for measurements taken in oceans. The authors feel that their work is of interest to English-speaking readers. The appearance of the English translation of the book is, to a very large extent, due to the tremendous amount of editing work brilliantly done by Prof. H. Tennekes.

Download or read book Turbulence Phenomena written by J.T. Davies and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulence Phenomena provides an introduction to the eddy transfer of momentum, mass, and heat, specifically at interfaces. The approach of the discussion of the subject matter is based on the eddy mixing length concept of Prandtl. Chapter 1 begins with a discussion on basic concepts regarding liquid flow such as viscosity, turbulent flows, and velocities. As concepts and theories are established, the book then discusses the eddy transfer in fluids, specifically eddy transfer of mass and heat within fluids and eddy transfer near solid surfaces. The concept of eddies in different surfaces is discussed in length all throughout numerous chapters. These different surfaces include clean gas-liquid surfaces, clean liquid-liquid interfaces, and film-covered surfaces. The last few chapters focus on the more detailed discussion on turbulence, such as the concept of spontaneous interfacial turbulence and emulsification and turbulent dispersion and coalescence. The book will be of great use to undergraduate students of chemical engineering, physics, and chemistry.

Download or read book Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Interfaces written by Sajjan G. Shiva and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-11-21 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Fluid Mechanics (EFM) studies the motion of air and water at several different scales, the fate and transport of species carried along by these fluids, and the interactions among those flows and geological, biological, and engineered systems. EFM emerged some decades ago as a response to the need for tools to study problems of flow an

Download or read book Advances in Turbulence VI written by S. Gavrilakis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Turbulence VI presents an update on the state of turbulence research with some bias towards research in Europe, since it represents an almost complete collection of the paper presentations at the Sixth European Turbulence Conference, sponsored by EUROMECH, ERCOFTAC and COST, and held at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, July 2-5, 1996. The problem of transition, together with the structural description of turbulence, and the scaling laws of fully developed turbulence have continued to receive most attention by the research community and much progress has been made since the last European Turbulence Conference in 1994. The volume is thus geared towards specialists in the area of flow turbulence who could not attend the conference, as well as anybody who wishes quickly to assess the most active current research areas and the groups associated with them.

Download or read book Europa written by Robert T. Pappalardo and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few worlds are as tantalizing and enigmatic as Europa, whose complex icy surface intimates the presence of an ocean below. Europa beckons for our understanding and future exploration, enticing us with the possibilities of a water-rich environment and the potential for life beyond Earth. This volume in the Space Science Series, with more than 80 contributing authors, reveals the discovery and current understanding of Europa’s icy shell, subsurface ocean, presumably active interior, and myriad inherent interactions within the Jupiter environment. Europa is the foundation upon which the coming decades of scientific advancement and exploration of this world will be built, making it indispensable for researchers, students, and all who hold a passion for exploration.

Download or read book Marine Turbulence written by Helmut Z. Baumert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-04 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive overview of marine turbulence and mixing for students, scientists, engineers.

Download or read book Predictive and Optimised Life Cycle Management written by Asko Sarja and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive and Optimised Life-Cycle Management sets out methodologies to meet the demands of the current trend towards sustainable civil engineering and building. Encompassing all aspects of construction practice, from design through to demolition and the recycling of materials, Sarja provides tools for optimal property-value protection, including a description of an integrated and predictive Life-Cycle Maintenance and Management Planning System (LMS), which employs a wide range of techniques. Clear and practical, this guide provides effective methodology required to change a reactive system of management to a predictive one, which will benefit practitioners and students involved in construction, from the architect to local and government authorities; from design engineers to facility managers.

Download or read book Advances in Fluid Modeling Turbulence Measurements written by Hisashi Ninokata and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an essential reference for engineers and scientists working in the field of turbulence. It covers a variety of applications, such as: turbulence measurements; mathematical and numerical modeling of turbulence; thermal hydraulics; applications for civil, mechanical and nuclear engineering; environmental fluid mechanics; river and open channel flows; coastal problems; ground water.

Download or read book Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Experiments 2 written by F. Martelli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 1001 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today understanding turbulence is one of the key issues in tackling flow problems in engineering. Powerful computers and numerical methods are now available for solving flow equations, but the simulation of turbulence effects, which are nearly always important in practice, are still at an early stage of development. Successful simulation of turbulence requires the understanding of the complex physical phenomena involved and suitable models for describing the turbulence momentum, heat and mass transfer. The 89 papers, including 5 invited papers, in this volume present and discuss new developments in the area of turbulence modelling and measurements, with particular emphasis on engineering-related problems. The high standard of the contributions on the developing and testing of turbulent models attests to the world-wide interest this domain is currently attracting from researchers.

Download or read book Applied Turbulence Modelling in Marine Waters written by Hans Burchard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-08-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simulation of turbulent mixing processes in marine waters is one of the most pressing tasks in oceanography. It is rendered difficult by the various complex phenomena occurring in these waters like strong stratification, ex ternal and internal waves, wind generated turbulence, Langmuir circulation etc. The need for simulation methods is especially great in this area because the physical processes cannot be investigated in the laboratory. Tradition ally, empirical bulk type models were used in oceanography, which, however, cannot account for many of the complex physical phenomena occurring. In engineering, statistical turbulence models describing locally the turbulence mixing processes were introduced in the early seventies, such as the k E model which is still one of the most widely used models in Computational Fluid Dy namics. Soon after, turbulence models were applied more and more also in the atmospheric sciences, and here the k kL model of Mellor and Yamada became particularly popular. In oceanography, statistical turbulence mod els were introduced rather late, i. e. in the eighties, and mainly models were taken over from the fields mentioned above, with some adjustments to the problems occurring in marine waters. In the literature on turbulence model applications to oceanography problems controversial findings and claims are reported about the various models, creating also an uncertainty on how well the models work in marine water problems.

Download or read book The Ecology of Cyanobacteria written by B.A. Whitton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria make a major contribution to world photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, but are also notorious for causing nuisances such as dense and often toxic `blooms' in lakes and the ocean. The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: Their Diversity in Time and Space is the first book to focus solely on ecological aspects of these organisms. Its twenty-two chapters are written by some thirty authors, who are leading experts in their particular subject. The book begins with an overview of the cyanobacteria - or blue-green algae, for those who are not specialists - then looks at their diversity in the geological record and goes on to describe their ecology in present environments where they play important roles. Why is one of the key groups of organisms in the Precambrian still one of the most important groups of phototrophs today? The importance of ecological information for rational management and exploitation of these organisms for commercial and other practical purposes is also assessed. Accounts are provided of nuisances as well as the ecology of the commercially successful Spirulina and the role of cyanobacteria in ecosystem recovery from oil pollution. Many chapters include aspects of physiology, biochemistry, geochemistry and molecular biology where these help general understanding of the subject. In addition there are three chapters dealing specifically with molecular ecology. Thirty-two pages of colour photos incorporate about seventy views and light micrographs. These features make the book valuable to a wide readership, including biologists, microbiologists, geologists, water managers and environmental consultants. The book complements the highly successful The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria already published by Kluwer.

Download or read book Particle Laden Flow written by Bernard Geurts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-20 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a selection of the papers that were presented at the EUROMECH colloquium on particle-laden flow held at the University of Twente in 2006. The multiscale nature of this challenging field motivated the calling of the colloquium and reflects the central importance that the dispersion of particles in a flow has in various geophysical and environmental problems. The spreading of aerosols and soot in the air, the growth and dispersion of plankton blooms in seas and oceans, or the transport of sediment in rivers, estuaries and coastal regions are striking examples.