Download or read book Sanctuary and Crime in the Middle Ages 400 1500 written by Karl Shoemaker and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanctuary law has not received very much scholarly attention. According to the prevailing explanation among earlier generations of legal historians, sanctuary was an impediment to effective criminal law and social control but was made necessary by rampant violence and weak political order in the medieval world. Contrary to the conclusions of the relatively scant literature on the topic, Sanctuary and Crime in the Middle Ages, 400-1500 argues that the practice of sanctuary was not simply an instrumental device intended as a response to weak and splintered medieval political authority. Nor can sanctuary laws be explained as simple ameliorative responses to harsh medieval punishments and the specter of uncontrolled blood-feuds. --
Download or read book State Criminal Alien Assistance Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sanctuary Cities written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pursuant to § 434 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA, P. L. 104-193) and § 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA, P. L. 104-208), states and localities may not limit their governmental entities or officers from maintaining records regarding a person's immigration status, or bar the exchange of such [...] At the other end of the spectrum, some jurisdictions have been unwilling to assist the federal government in enforcing measures that distinguish between legal and non-legal residents of the community. [...] Although this term is not defined by federal statute or regulation, it has been used by some in reference to "jurisdictions that may have state laws, local ordinances, or departmental policies limiting the role of local law enforcement agencies and officers in the enforcement of immigration laws."5 The very existence of "sanctuary cities" has been the subject of considerable controversy. [...] Opponents of sanctuary policies argue that they encourage illegal immigration and undermine federal enforcement efforts.7 Applicable Law The primary federal restrictions on state and local sanctuary policies are § 434 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA, P. L. 104-193)8 and § 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act o [...] The mayor of the City of New York had issued an Executive Order prohibiting any city officer or employee, in most circumstances, from transmitting information regarding immigration status to federal immigration authorities.13 This Executive Order was in direct conflict with both PRWORA § 434 and IIRIRA § 642.14 The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held in New York v. United St.
Download or read book Sanctuary Cities written by Loren Collingwood and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanctuary cities, or localities where officials are prohibited from inquiring into immigration status, have become a part of the broader debate on undocumented immigration in the United States. Despite the increasing amount of coverage sanctuary policies receive, the American public knows little about these policies. In this book, Loren Collingwood and Benjamin Gonzalez O'Brien delve into the history, media coverage, effects, and public opinion on these sanctuary policies in the hope of helping readers reach an informed decision regarding them.
Download or read book Bans Walls Raids Sanctuary written by A. Naomi Paik and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Just days after taking the White House, Donald Trump signed three executive orders targeting noncitizens-authorizing the Muslim Ban, the border wall, and ICE raids. The new administration's approach towards noncitizens was defined by bans, walls, and raids. This is the essential primer on how we got here, and what we must do to create a different future. Bans, Walls, Raids, Sanctuary shows that these features have a long history and have long harmed all of us and our relationships to each other. The 45th president's xenophobic, racist, ableist, patriarchal ascendancy is no aberration, but the consequence of two centuries of U.S. political, economic, and social culture. Further, as A. Naomi Paik deftly demonstrates, the attacks against migrants are tightly bound to assaults against women, people of color, workers, ill and disabled people, queer and gender non-conforming people. These attacks are neither un-American nor unique. By showing how the problems we face today are embedded in the very foundation of the US, this book is a rallying cry for a broad-based, abolitionist sanctuary movement for all"--
Download or read book Sanctuary Jurisdictions written by Sarah Peck and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-21 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no official or agreed-upon definition of what constitutes a﷿sanctuary﷿jurisdiction, and there has been debate as to whether the term applies to particular states and localities. Moreover, state and local jurisdictions have varied reasons for opting not to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement efforts, including reasons not necessarily motivated by disagreement with federal policies, such as concern about potential civil liability or the costs associated with assisting federal efforts. But traditional sanctuary policies are often described as falling under one of three categories. First, so-called ﷿don''t enforce﷿ policies generally bar state or local police from assisting federal immigration authorities. Second, ﷿don''t ask﷿ policies generally bar certain state or local officials from inquiring into a person'' s immigration status. Third, ﷿don''t tell﷿ policies typically restrict information sharing between state or local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities. One legal question relevant to sanctuary policies is the extent to which states, as sovereign entities, may decline to assist in federal immigration enforcement, and the degree to which the federal government can stop state measures that undermine federal objectives. The Tenth Amendment preserves the states﷿ broad police powers, and states have frequently enacted measures that, directly or indirectly, address aliens residing in their communities. Under the doctrine of preemption--derived from the Supremacy Clause--Congress may displace many state or local laws pertaining to immigration. But not every state or local law touching on immigration matters is necessarily preempted; the measure must interfere with, or be contrary to, federal law to be rendered unenforceable. Further, the anti-commandeering doctrine, rooted in the Constitution''s allocation of powers between the federal government and the states, prohibits Congress from forcing state entities to perform regulatory functions on the federal government''s behalf, including in the context of immigration. A series of Supreme Court cases inform the boundaries of preemption and the anti-commandeering doctrine, with the Court most recently These dueling federal and state interests are front and center in numerous lawsuits challenging actions taken by the Trump Administration to curb states and localities from implementing sanctuary-type policies. Notably, Section 9(a) of Executive Order 13768 directs the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General to withhold federal grants from jurisdictions that willfully refuse to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373--a statute that bars states and localities from prohibiting their employees from sharing with federal immigration authorities certain immigration-related information. The executive order further directs the Attorney General to take ﷿appropriate enforcement action﷿ against jurisdictions that violate Section 1373 or have policies that ﷿prevent or hinder the enforcement of federal law.﷿ To implement the executive order, the Department of Justice added new eligibility conditions to the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (Byrne JAG) Program and grants administered by the Justice Department﷿s Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS). These conditions tied eligibility to compliance with Section 1373 and other federal immigration priorities, like granting federal authorities access to state and local detention facilities housing aliens and giving immigration authorities notice before releasing from custody an alien wanted for removal. Several lawsuits were filed challenging the constitutionality of the executive order and new grant conditions. So far the courts that have reviewed these challenges--principally contending that the executive order and grant conditions violate the separation of powers and anti-commandeering principles--generally agree that the Trump Administration acted unconstitutionally.
Download or read book Sanctuary Cities written by Loren Collingwood and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accidental shooting of Kathryn Steinle in July of 2015 by an undocumented immigrant ignited a firestorm of controversy around sanctuary cities, which are municipalities where officials are prohibited from inquiring into the immigration status of residents. Some decline immigration detainer requests from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. While sanctuary cities have been in existence since the 1980s, the Steinle shooting and the presidency of Donald Trump have brought them renewed attention and raised a number of questions. How have these policies evolved since the 1980s and how has the media framed them? Do sanctuary policies "breed crime" as some have argued, or do they help to politically incorporate immigrant populations? What do Americans think about sanctuary cities, and have their attitudes changed in recent years? How are states addressing the conflict between sanctuary cities and the federal government? In one of the first comprehensive examinations of sanctuary cities, Loren Collingwood and Benjamin Gonzalez O'Brien show that sanctuary policies have no discernible effect on crime rates; rather, anti-sanctuary state laws may undercut communities' trust in law enforcement. Indeed, sanctuary policies do have the potential to better incorporate immigrant populations into the larger city, with both Latino police force representation and Latino voter turnout increasing as a result. Despite this, public opinion on sanctuary cities remains sharply divided and has become intensely partisanized. Looking at public opinion data, media coverage, and the evolution of sanctuary policies from the 1980s to 2010s, the authors show that conservatives have increasingly drawn on anecdotal evidence to link violent crime to the larger debate about undocumented immigration. This has, in turn, provided them an electoral advantage among conservative voters who often see undocumented immigrants as a threat and has led to a push for anti-sanctuary policies in conservative states that effectively preempt local initiatives aimed at immigrant incorporation. Ultimately, this book finds that sanctuary cities provide important protection for immigrants, helping them to become part of the social and political fabric of the United States, with no empirical support for the negative consequences conservatives and anti-immigrant activists so often claim.
Download or read book Uncertain Refuge written by Elizabeth Allen and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An examination of sanctuary seeking in the literature of medieval England between the twelfth and the seventeenth centuries"--
Download or read book Federal Historic Preservation Laws written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sanctuary written by Ann Crittenden and published by Grove/Atlantic. This book was released on 1988 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A noted journalist offers an in-depth account of the people of Arizona, and then the nation, who challenged law and risked arrest to protect those fleeing the chaos and violence of Central America in order to answer what they deemed a higher law of conscience...
Download or read book Sanctuary Ordinances written by Nicholas P. Lovrich and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines contemporary immigration policy and immigrant assimilation with a focus on the adoption of sanctuary ordinances in US local governments in connection with Latino in-migration. It also investigates the adoption of anti-immigrant settlement local ordinances in many local governments with particular focus on local law enforcement positions taken on enforcement of federal immigration laws. The book investigates a wide range of county-level characteristics of 3,000+ U.S. counties (e.g., socio-economic and demographic traits, political culture, social capital, religious denominations present, etc.) to identify correlates of pro- and anti-immigrant settlement. The book also features the analysis of a national survey and three targeted surveys in pro-immigration (San Francisco), divided (Maricopa), and anti-immigration (Tulsa) counties to explore the individual-level factors associated with sentiments on immigration policy. Finally, the book presents findings from two case studies where active encouragement of Latino settlement (Twin Falls, ID) and active opposition (Hazleton, PA) characterize local reaction to Latino in-migration. The mixed methods study leads the authors to conclude that a funnel of causality concept, path dependency, pro-social attitudes, and the concepts of moral panic and moral dialogue collectively lead to great insight into the question of why some communities are open and accepting while others are exclusionary.
Download or read book Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act and Enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seeking Sanctuary written by Shannon McSheffrey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In premodern English law, felons had the right to seek sanctuary in a church or ecclesiastical precinct. It is commonly held that this practice virtually died out after the medieval period, but Shannon McSheffrey highlights its resurgence under the Tudor regime and shows how the issue lay at the intersection between law, religion, and culture.
Download or read book Havens of Refuge written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sanctuary Sovereignty Sacrifice written by Randy Lippert and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on theories of governmentality, Lippert traces the emergence of sanctuary practice to a shift in responsibility for refugees and immigrants from the state to churches and communities. Here sanctuary practices and spaces are shaped by a form of pastoral power that targets needs and operates through sacrifice, and by a sovereign power that is exceptional, territorial, and spectacular. Correspondingly, law plays a complex role in sanctuary, appearing variously as a form of oppression, a game, and a source of majestic authority that overshadows the state. A thorough and original account of contemporary sanctuary practice, this book tackles theoretical and methodological questions in governmentality and socio-legal studies.
Download or read book Sanctuary and Crime in the Middle Ages 400 1500 written by Karl Shoemaker and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanctuary law has not received very much scholarly attention. According to the prevailing explanation among earlier generations of legal historians, sanctuary was an impediment to effective criminal law and social control but was made necessary by rampant violence and weak political order in the medieval world. Contrary to the conclusions of the relatively scant literature on the topic, Sanctuary and Crime in the Middle Ages, 400-1500 argues that the practice of sanctuary was not simply an instrumental device intended as a response to weak and splintered medieval political authority. Nor can sanctuary laws be explained as simple ameliorative responses to harsh medieval punishments and the specter of uncontrolled blood-feuds. --
Download or read book Denial of Sanctuary written by Michael A. Innes and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2007-06-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines not only the role of the state, but also that of the Internet, crime and border areas.
