Download or read book Rupture Mechanics of Slip deficient Fault Zones written by J. R. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stressing Seismicity and Rupture of Slip Deficient Fault Zones written by J. R. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fault Zone Dynamic Processes written by Marion Y. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. This volume examines questions such as: • What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? • What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? • How do on-fault and off-fault properties affect seismic ruptures? • How do fault zones evolve over time? Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.

Download or read book Mechanics Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable progress has been made recently in quantifying geometrical and physical properties of fault surfaces and adjacent fractured and granulated damage zones in active faulting environments. There has also been significant progress in developing rheologies and computational frameworks that can model the dynamics of fault zone processes. This volume provides state-of-the-art theoretical and observational results on the mechanics, structure and evolution of fault zones. Subjects discussed include damage rheologies, development of instabilities, fracture and friction, dynamic rupture experiments, and analyses of earthquake and fault zone data.

Download or read book Final Technical Report to U S Geological Survey on Stressing Seismicity and Rupture of Slip deficient Fault Zones written by James R. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stressing Seismicity and Rupture of Slip deficient Fault Zones written by James R. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Faulting Friction and Earthquake Mechanics written by Chris J. Marone and published by Birkhauser. This book was released on 1994 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Slip Rates in the San Francisco Bay Area written by Paul Bodin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Frictional Mechanics of Stable and Unstable Fault Slip written by Srisharan Shreedharan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tectonic faults fail in a spectrum of slip modes ranging from aseismic creep to fast elastodynamic ruptures. In the laboratory, these slip modes and fault frictional stability can be quantified by second-order changes in friction, and modeled using experimentally-derived designer friction laws known as rate-and-state friction (RSF). Even though RSF has been utilized to study fault slip and stability for many decades, the parameters constituting RSF and their relationship to the underlying grain-scale frictional contact mechanics, particularly in the context of slow and fast ruptures, are poorly constrained. While light intensity-based imaging techniques provide some insights into the evolution of microscopic frictional contacts during shear, their utility is limited in the case of opaque geologic media such as sheared rock and granular fault gouge. Motivated by the successful application of ultrasonic wave monitoring for imaging rock joints and fractures, I use ultrasonic acoustic monitoring for a range of fault slip behaviors in the laboratory, to constrain the micromechanical behavior of deforming load-bearing asperities that make up tectonic faults. In this dissertation, I ask fundamental questions surrounding the deformation of microscopic load-bearing asperity populations that make up frictional interfaces and granular fault gouge assemblages. I dissect the various parameters that make up the RSF constitutive framework, and ask what frictional state and the critical slip distance represent in the context of creeping tectonic faults. I also strive to answer whether the microphysical mechanisms operating across the spectrum of slip behaviors, from stable sliding to fast ruptures, are similar or fundamentally different. I examine the role of normal stress and velocity perturbations on experimental rate-state faults, particularly in the context of contact-scale processes, and use these insights to constrain the potential origins of shallow slow earthquakes, both frictional and mineralogical, at the Hikurangi subduction margin. I start this dissertation by introducing the problem statement broadly and providing some context for the known and unknown aspects of interfacial contact-scale friction in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, I probe an extended RSF formulation, incorporating the role of normal stress and velocity variations on frictional state, and its application to rough, planar faults using ultrasonic wave amplitudes. In chapters 3-5, I generate a range of slow and fast slip modes on mature faults with simulated wear and jointly characterize precursory creep and ultrasonic wave properties in the context of frictional state evolution. Chapter 3 demonstrates that ultrasonic wave amplitudes have a long, temporal precursory signal strongly related preseismic fault acceleration for the full spectrum of unstable slip modes. I quantify the sensitivities of ultrasonic wave amplitudes and velocities on stress and slip rate in Chapter 4, and demonstrate how they can be used as long- and short-term precursors respectively to seismicity in the lab and, perhaps occasionally, in crustal faults. Chapter 5 leverages results from the previous chapters to provide a framework for laboratory earthquake forecasting using machine learning on the continuous evolution of ultrasonic wave properties over multiple slow and fast stick-slip cycles. Finally, I introduce shallow slow earthquakes in the Hikurangi subduction margin in Chapter 6. I perform RSF experiments and continuous ultrasonic monitoring on input material to the plate interface obtained during an ocean drilling expedition in mid-2018 in order to better constrain the frictional and hydrologic regime facilitating shallow slow slip in this region. This dissertation provides fundamental insights into the microscopic processes that govern fault friction at the laboratory and crustal scales over a range of slip modes. I demonstrate the underlying similarities between these slip modes and provide insights into the microphysical mechanisms that could modulate fault slip behavior. Finally, I introduce time-lapse monitoring of seismic amplitudes and velocities as a viable method to probe transient fault zone processes over multiple scales.

Download or read book Brittle Deformation of Solid and Granular Materials with Applications to Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faults written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake fault zones exhibit hierarchical damage and granular structures with evolving geometrical and material properties. Understanding how repeated brittle deformation form the structures and how the structures affect subsequent earthquakes is a rich problem involving coupling of various processes that operate over broad space and time scales. The diverse state-of-the-art papers collected here show how insight can come from many fields including statistical physics, structural geology and rock mechanics at large scales; elasticity, friction and nonlinear continuum mechanics at intermediate scales; and fracture mechanics, granular mechanics and surface physics at small scales. This volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Engineering, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in the properties of natural fault zones and the processes that occur between and during earthquakes.

Download or read book Frictional Stability of Heterogeneous Surfaces in Contact written by John McKenzie Kemeny and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Living on an Active Earth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.

Download or read book Geometry and Mechanics of Three dimensional Faults written by Joern Ole Kaven and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geometry of faults and fault systems affects the source mechanics of earthquakes and the deformation associated with slip on faults. This dissertation investigates aspects of the geometry of fault surfaces, in particular those with non-planar topology. I quantify the surface geometry using the tools of differential geometry to evaluate the geometry in a spatially coherent way. The study finds that at cm-scale ([approximately equal to]2cm) fault surfaces have no clear pattern of basic shapes succession, while at larger scales (10cm-50cm) corrugations along the slip direction are predominant while small undulations parallel to the direction of sliding exist on the cm-scale. The changes in surface shape and orientation lead to changes in resolved traction on the order of a few MPa for crustal settings, which far exceed generally associated triggering stresses. The undulations significantly retard slip on heuristic faults when compared to those lacking undulations. Geometric fault surface complexity on a crustal scale faults is investigated using relocated seismicity from a catalog of events for the Joshua Tree - Landers earthquake sequence. The spatial density of seismicity is used to locate finite width fault zones and construct surfaces indicative of the centers of these fault zones. The method identifies ten separate faults that exhibit significant non-planar geometry. The mechanical effects of the geometrically complex fault surfaces are illustrated using solutions to the quasi-static boundary value problem. I investigate the resultant stresses and tractions induced by slip on the Joshua Tree fault before the rupture of the Landers earthquake. The propensity for slip on the Landers faults is increased in regions of initiation and largest slip during the subsequent event. The geometrically complex models predict greater propensity for slip along the northern faults involved in the Landers earthquake than the commonly used planar and vertical four-fault models. The stresses adjacent to the Joshua Tree fault are investigated by calculating the changes in Coulomb stresses on optimally oriented surfaces of weakness. The geometrically complex model for Joshua Tree fault predicts the aftershocks immediately following the Joshua Tree earthquake quite well, and better than the planar fault model. Stress inversions are a useful and popular tool for structural geologist and seismologist alike. Many studies employ these methods on isolated faults or on fault system with limited ranges of orientations, which can lead to erroneous results. I propose a new method that incorporates the effects of mechanical interaction of the entire fault or fault system, solves the complete mechanical boundary value problem problem rather than employing empirical relationships between slip and stress or strain (faultless inversion). The method is tested on synthetic faults with various orientations to evaluate the effects of non-planarity and I find that the lack of varying normal vector orientations can introduce significant errors even for simple idealized cases. The effect of diversity of fault orientations are tested and the results indicate that faultless inversions do not perform as well for limited ranges of orientations when compared to the proposed method. The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake is used to test the proposed method. The resulting stress orientations are in good agreement with results from faultless inversions. Furthermore, slip distribution results are in general agreement with kinematic slip inversions using co-seismic surface deformation. Stress inversion methods using fault slip data can thus be improved upon, significantly in many cases, by solving a mechanical boundary value problem that takes into account the geometry of faults or fault systems.

Download or read book Deformation of Compliant Fault Zones Induced by Nearby Earthquakes written by Jingqian Kang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using dynamic modeling of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault and seismic wave propagation in a three dimensional inhomogeneous elastoplastic medium, I investigate the inelastic response of compliant fault zones to nearby earthquakes. I primarily examine the plastic strain distribution within the fault zone and the displacement field that characterizes the effects of the presence of the fault zone. I find that when the fault zone rocks are close to failure in the prestress field, plastic strain occurs along the entire fault zone near the Earth's surface and some portions of the fault zone in the extensional quadrant at depth, while the remaining portion deforms elastically. Plastic strain enhances the surface displacement of the fault zone, and the enhancement in the extensional quadrant is stronger than that in the compressive quadrant. These findings suggest that taking into account both elastic and inelastic deformation of fault zones to nearby earthquakes may improve our estimations of fault zone structure and properties from small-scale surface deformation signals. Furthermore, identifying the inelastic response of nearby fault zones to large earthquakes may allow us to place some constraints on the absolute stress level in the crust. I also investigate how to distinguish inelastic and elastic responses of compliant fault zones to the nearby rupture. I explore in detail the range of plastic parameters that allow plastic strain to occur and examine its effect on the displacement field around compliant fault zone. I find that the sympathetic motion (i.e., consistent to long-term geologic slip) or the reduced retrograde motion (i.e., opposite to long-term geologic slip) observed in residual displacement on fault parallel horizontal direction can be directly used to distinguish the inelastic deformation from the elastic deformation. This may help better interpret the geodetic observations in the further. In addition, I conduct models with various fault zone geometries (i.e., depth, width and shape) and rigidity reduction properties to test their effects on the displacement field. The results from elastic models suggest that to the same dynamic rupture source, the deeper and wider pre-existing nearby fault zone will result in larger residual displacement. But this only applies to fault zones with large depth extent. For shallow fault zones, residual displacement tends to keep the same magnitude or even decreases with fault zone width. While in plastic models, where plastic strain is allowed, displacement field is more complex. The magnitude of the residual displacement will be enhanced by the occurrence of plastic strain. Then I extend the theoretical simulations of an idealized planar rupture fault system into one in a geometrically complex real fault system in the East California Shear Zone (ECSZ). I compare our simulation results of the 1992 Landers Earthquake with the geodetic observations. Responses of the Calico and Rodman compliant fault zone are better understood by taking into account of both inelastic and elastic responses of compliant fault zones to the nearby Landers rupture. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152529

Download or read book Characterization of Modern and Historical Seismic Tsunamic Events and Their Global Societal Impacts written by Y. Dilek and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquakes and tsunamis are devastating geohazards with significant societal impacts. Most recent occurrences have shown that their impact on the stability of nations–societies and the world geopolitics is immense, potentially triggering a tipping point for a major downturn in the global economy. This Special Publication presents the most current information on the causes and effects of some of the modern and historical earthquake–tsunami events, and effective practices of risk assessment–disaster management, implemented by various governments, international organizations and intergovernmental agencies. Findings reported here show that the magnitude of human casualties and property loss resulting from earthquakes–tsunamis are highly variable around the globe, and that increased community, national and global resilience is significant to empower societal preparedness for such geohazards. It is clear that all stakeholders, including scientists, policymakers, governments, media and world organizations must work together to disseminate accurate, objective and timely information on geohazards, and to develop effective legislation for risk reduction and realistic hazard mitigation–management measures in our globally connected world of today.

Download or read book The Nature and Tectonic Significance of Fault Zone Weakening written by Robert E. Holdsworth and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2001 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many faults appears to form persistent zones of weakness that fundamentally influence the distribution, arichitecture and movement patterns of crustal-scale deformation and associated processes in both continental and oceanic regions. They act as conduits for the focused migration of economically important fluids and also constitute one of the most important global geological hazards. This book brings together papers by an international group of Earth Scientists to discuss a broad range of topics centred upon the controls of fault weakening and the role of such faults during lithosphere deformation.

Download or read book Microscopic and Macroscopic Simulation Towards Predictive Modelling of the Earthquake Process written by Peter Mora and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: