Download or read book Ricin and Shiga Toxins written by Nicholas Mantis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In May of 2011, Western Europe experienced a severe outbreak of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) that culminated in more than 3200 cases and 39 deaths. While Stx is not the only virulence factor associated with STEC, it is certainly the primary determinant associated with the onset of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). At the present time, there are no clinically approved measures to neutralize Stx in individuals suffering from STEC infection. Nor are there any preventatives or therapeutics for ricin toxin. Although incidents of ricin exposure are largely unheard of, federal agencies and public health officials consider it a significant threat. It is well documented that domestic and international terrorist groups have stockpiled, and in some cases weaponized ricin with the intent of releasing it into the public sphere and causing panic, illness and/or death on a local, regional, or possibly national scale. The chapters, written by leading experts in the field, are organized so as to cover all aspects of ricin and Stx, including pathogenesis, immunity, vaccines and therapeutics. This outstanding collection of reviews will serve as an important and readily accessible resource for the research community in the coming years.
Download or read book Ricin and Shiga Toxins written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in the Search for Ricin A Chain and Shiga Toxin Inhibitors written by Yan Bai and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ricin and Shiga toxin type 1 are potent cytotoxins known as ribosome inhibition proteins, abbreviated RIPs. Proteins of this family shut down protein synthesis by removing a critical adenine in the conserved stem-loop structure of 28S rRNA. Due to its exquisite cytotoxicity, the plant toxin ricin has been used as a biological warfare agent. Although great achievement has been made on ricin research, including catalytic mechanism and structure analysis, there is still no specific treatment available for ricin exposure. In addition, ricin A chain inhibitors may also be useful against the homologous bacterial proteins shiga toxins, which are responsible for dysentery, and diseases related to food poisoning, including hemolytic uremic syndrome. Previous study on RTA inhibitor search has provided a number of substrate analog inhibitors, all of which, however, are weaker inhibitors. Therefore, the goal of this work is to improve the binding affinity of known inhibitors and to discovery new scaffolds for inhibitor discovery and development. In this work, multiple approaches were employed for this purpose, including optimizing known inhibitors and searching new inhibitors by Virtual Drug Screening (VDS) and High Throughput Screening (HTS). A number of new RTA inhibitors were discovered by these strategies, which provide a variety of pharmacophores for RTA inhibitor design, and also added a new line of evidence for VDS as an advanced technology for drug discovery and development.
Download or read book Structure based design and characterization of ricin and shiga toxin inhibitors written by Darcie Jeanette Miller and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal and Chemical Inactivation of Ricin and Shiga Toxins in Orange Juice written by Na Wang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins written by Joseph E. Alouf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the major achievements and discoveries relevant to bacterial protein toxins since the turn of the new century illustrated by the discovery of more than fifty novel toxins (many of them identified through genome screening). The establishment of the three-dimensional crystal structure of more than 20 toxins during the same period offers deeper knowledge of structure-activity relationships and provides a framework to understand how toxins recognize receptors, penetrate membranes and interact with and modify intracellular substrates. Edited by two of the most highly regarded experts in the field from the Institut Pasteur, France 14 brand new chapters dedicated to coverage of historical and general aspects of toxinology Includes the major toxins of both basic and clinical interest are described in depth Details applied aspects of toxins such as therapy, vaccinology, and toolkits in cell biology Evolutionary and functional aspects of bacterial toxins evaluated and summarized Toxin applications in cell biology presented Therapy (cancer therapy, dystonias) discussed Vaccines (native and genetically engineered vaccines) featured Toxins discussed as biological weapons, comprising chapters on anthrax, diphtheria, ricin etc.
Download or read book Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism written by P. Gopalakrishnakone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological toxins are an important part of our world, a reality with which we need to cope, so in parallel with understanding their mechanisms of action and thereby improving our fundamental knowledge, there are successful efforts to utilize them as therapeutics against some debilitating human and animal diseases. In view of the complexity of different types of biotoxins and the broad range of toxin structure, physiology, utility, and countermeasures including regulatory issues, it was thus aimed to compile a book on biotoxins and bioweapons. This reference work in the Toxinology handbook series gathers together knowledge from around the globe about naturally inspired and manufactured biological weapons. The authors describe how they work; how authorities may detect their presence, prevent their use, and diagnose their impacts; and the means by which medical and paramedical professionals may treat victims. Also described are how they have been used to further our knowledge and what insights they have given us into evolutionary and physiological processes. Finally, it is also discussed how these toxins can be used as therapeutics and what the implications of such therapeutics are to their use as biothreat agents. This volume provides a reference accessible to scientists, educators, and medical experts alike with an interest in biotoxins, focusing on the major toxins used as bioweapons. Regulatory agencies will also benefit from the information provided in this book. Some in the intended audience may need to understand how they elicit their effects and how we can defend ourselves against them. Others may be interested in the sometimes colorful histories that surround this subset of biotoxins that can be and, in some cases, have been used as weapons.
Download or read book Netter s Pediatrics E Book written by Todd Florin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Netter’s Pediatrics, edited by Drs. Todd Florin and Stephen Ludwig, is a rich visual aid with more than 500 images by Dr. Frank Netter and other artists working in his style that will help you diagnose and care for children with common clinical conditions. This is the first time that Netter’s drawings of pediatric illness are brought together in a single volume. The superb, accurate artwork accompanies up-to-date text contributed by physicians at the prestigious Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. The book provides you with all the at-a-glance information you need for a quick overview of common issues from nutrition, allergy, infectious disease, and adolescent medicine, to cancer and heart disease. This user-friendly, clinical reference is also a great tool for patient and staff education. Efficiently review key details for each condition with 500 detailed, crystal-clear images provided by Frank H. Netter and others working in the Netter tradition. Apply dependable, concise, clinical advice from a team of physicians at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, one of the top children’s hospitals in the U.S. Get answers at a glance during pediatric rotations when studying for exams or preparing for consultations.
Download or read book The Role of the Ribosomal Stalk in the Activity of Ricin Shiga like Toxin 1 and Shiga like Toxin 2 in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Jiachi Chiou and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ricin, Shiga-like toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga-like toxin 2 (Stx2) are ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) that catalytically remove an adenine residue from the highly conserved [alpha]-sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) in the large ribosomal subunit, inhibiting the translocation step of protein synthesis. Although all RIPs act on the same substrate, they differ in the ribosome specificity among different kingdoms. Ricin is only active towards the eukaryotic ribosomes, while Stx1 and Stx2 are active towards both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Infection with E. coli O157:H7 containing Stx2 is more likely to lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and progress to more severe disease than infection with E. coli O157:H7 containing Stx1. Accumulating evidence indicates that interaction of RIPs with different ribosomal proteins may be responsible for the ribosome specificity. By expressing the enzymatic A subunits of ricin, Stx1 and Stx2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this study presents evidence that the ribosomal stalk is the docking site for ricin, Stx1 and Stx2, but not PAP. The results suggest that the P proteins of the ribosomal stalk recruit the RIPs to the ribosome to build a toxin pool near the SRL, facilitating depurination of the SRL. Stx2 depurinates ribosomes more efficiently than Stx1 regardless of the defects in the ribosomal stalk both in vitro and in vivo. Addition of purified P1[alpha]/P2[beta] proteins has the most impact on the ribosome depurination by Stx1 than Stx2 and RTA. These results suggest that Stx1 is more dependent on the ribosomal stalk than Stx2. A model is proposed to describe the interaction between Stx1A and the ribosomal stalk. The ribosome-bound and the cytoplasmic pool of stalk P proteins play important roles in the depurination of the SRL, ribosome binding and cytotoxicity of the three different toxins. The cytoplasmic pool of P proteins and stalk conformation affect each toxin differently and these differences contribute to their relative cytotoxicity.
Download or read book Pathogenesis of Shigellosis written by P.J. Sansonetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shigellosis is present all over the world. Anyone traveling in developing countries knows that the control of this invasive disease of the intestine is a priority task for physicians and public health authorities. Victims are essentially young children, and complications such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome make shigellosis a systemic disease rather than simply an infection of the colonic mucosa. However, "Westerners" should not consider shigeJlosis as an unlikely threat of the tropics. The disease arises in industrialized countries as soon as breaches in sanitation appear. A few months ago, at least 500 people developed shigellosis in northern France in an outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection due to accidental contamination of an urban water delivery system. The pathogenesis of shigellosis is an extraordinary topic of research because study of the invasion of the colonic mucosa addresses fundamental questions on. the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which a bacterial pathogen can pene trate non phagocytic cells, survive, multiply, spread in the intra cellular compartment, and eventually kill host cells. Further development of the infection within subepithelial tissues as well as the mechanisms that contribute to the eradication of this process have barely been studied.
Download or read book Analysis of Food Toxins and Toxicants 2 Volume Set written by Yiu-Chung Wong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Food Toxins and Toxicants consists of five sections, providing up-to-date descriptions of the analytical approaches used to detect a range of food toxins. Part I reviews the recent developments in analytical technology including sample pre-treatment and food additives. Part II covers the novel analysis of microbial and plant toxins including plant pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Part III focuses on marine toxins in fish and shellfish. Part IV discusses biogenic amines and common food toxicants, such as pesticides and heavy metals. Part V summarizes quality assurance and the recent developments in regulatory limits for toxins, toxicants and allergens, including discussions on laboratory accreditation and reference materials.
Download or read book Immunotoxins written by Arthur E. Frankel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1988-05-31 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of a particular malignancy? The few general oncology textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good indepth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Un fortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes which aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up-to-date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion. First, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung cancer, genitourinary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc. Second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more.
Download or read book Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis written by Brian Ceresa and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis is a compilation of scientific "short stories" about the entry of external substances into cells. As one can see from the chapters, endocytosis regulates diverse processes such as homeostasis of the cell, signal transduction, entry of pathogens and viruses. In addition to the experimental techniques embedded in each chapter, entire chapters are dedicated to experimental approaches that will be useful to all scientists and their model systems. For those more clinically oriented, the final chapters look to the future and ways of utilizing endocytic pathways for therapeutic purposes.
Download or read book Pediatric Nephrology and Urology written by Bernard S. Kaplan and published by Mosby. This book was released on 2004 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Like others in the "Requisites in Pediatrics" series, this volume offers a fast-access format for information on how to deal with assessment, treatment, and stabilization of renal and urologic disorders and traumas commonly encountered in practice. Organization is consistent throughout, and chapters end with lists of key points, making the text suitable for certification review and as a clinical reference. Coverage includes trauma, hematuria and proteinuria, hypertension, glomerular disorders, acute and chronic renal failure, dialysis, and transplantation, among other topics. Radiographs and drawings illustrate the text. Editors Kaplan and Meyers (pediatrics, U. of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) lead a crew of 18 contributors."--[Source inconnue].
Download or read book Escherichia coli in the Americas written by Alfredo G. Torres and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial diarrheal diseases remain an important leading cause of preventable death, especially among children under five in developing countries. In the American continent, diarrheal disease and other health complications caused by Escherichia coli constitute a major public health problem, and, therefore, several research groups have dedicated their effort to understand this pathogen and provide feasible solutions to prevent, treat and reduce E. coli infections. The Latin American Coalition for Escherichia coli Research (LACER) was created as a multidisciplinary network of international research groups working with E. coli with the ultimate goal of advancing understanding of E. coli, and to prepare the next generation of American E. coli investigators. As such, this book compiles the knowledge of these investigators about E. coli, a commensal bacteria living inside its host, and a pathogen causing disease in animals and humans. Escherichia coli in the Americas contains a series of 15 chapters written by experts, covering basic concepts regarding the different categories of E. coli, including their environmental niche, virulence mechanisms, host reservoir, and disease outcomes, as well as diagnosis, vaccine development and treatment. This book's target audience include trainees and students learning about the basic and clinical aspects of E. coli pathogenesis, as well as experts around the globe who wish to learn more about this pathogen and the public health impact this bacteria has in America.
Download or read book Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-08 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases describes the diseases associated with water, their causative agents and the ways in which they gain access to water systems. The book is divided into sections covering bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Other sections detail methods for detecting and identifying waterborne microorganisms, and the ways in which they are removed from water, including chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet disinfection. The second edition of this handbook has been updated with information on biofilms and antimicrobial resistance. The impact of global warming and climate change phenomena on waterborne illnesses are also discussed. This book serves as an indispensable reference for public health microbiologists, water utility scientists, research water pollution microbiologists environmental health officers, consultants in communicable disease control and microbial water pollution students. Focuses on the microorganisms of most significance to public health, including E. coli, cryptosporidium, and enterovirus Highlights the basic microbiology, clinical features, survival in the environment, and gives a risk assessment for each pathogen Contains new material on antimicrobial resistance and biofilms Covers drinking water and both marine and freshwater recreational bathing waters
Download or read book Foodborne Pathogens written by Joshua B. Gurtler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foodborne illnesses continue to be a major public health concern. All members of a particular bacterial genera (e.g., Salmonella, Campylobacter) or species (e.g., Listeria monocytogenes, Cronobacter sakazakii) are often treated by public health and regulatory agencies as being equally pathogenic; however, this is not necessarily true and is an overly conservative approach to ensuring the safety of foods. Even within species, virulence factors vary to the point that some isolates may be highly virulent, whereas others may rarely, if ever, cause disease in humans. Hence, many food safety scientists have concluded that a more appropriate characterization of bacterial isolates for public health purposes could be by virotyping, i.e., typing food-associated bacteria on the basis of their virulence factors. The book is divided into two sections. Section I, “Foodborne Pathogens and Virulence Factors,” hones in on specific virulence factors of foodborne pathogens and the role they play in regulatory requirements, recalls, and foodborne illness. The oft-held paradigm that all pathogenic strains are equally virulent is untrue. Thus, we will examine variability in virulence between strains such as Listeria, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Cronobacter, etc. This section also examines known factors capable of inducing greater virulence in foodborne pathogens. Section II, “Foodborne Pathogens, Host Susceptibility, and Infectious Dose” , covers the ability of a pathogen to invade a human host based on numerous extraneous factors relative to the host and the environment. Some of these factors include host age, immune status, genetic makeup, infectious dose, food composition and probiotics. Readers of this book will come away with a better understanding of foodborne bacterial pathogen virulence factors and pathogenicity, and host factors that predict the severity of disease in humans.
