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Book Response of Corn Hybrids when Grown on Productive Soil to Nitrogen Fertilization

Download or read book Response of Corn Hybrids when Grown on Productive Soil to Nitrogen Fertilization written by Sudirman Yahya and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Breeding for drought and nitrogen stress tolerance in maize From theory to practice

Download or read book Breeding for drought and nitrogen stress tolerance in maize From theory to practice written by M. Bänzinger and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2000 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction - why breed for drought and low N tolerance?; Conceptual framework - breeding; Conventional approaches to improving the drought and low N tolerance of maize; Conventional approaches challenged; The challenge of breeding for drought and low N tolerance; Maize under drought and low N stress; Conceptual framework - physiology; Water and the maize plant; Nitrogen and the maize plant; Maize under drought and low N stress - consequences for breeding; Stress management; Drought; Low N stress; Statistical designs and layout of experiments; Increasing the number of replicates; Improved statistical designs; Field layout; Border effects from alleys; Secondary traits; Why use secondary traits?; How do we decide on the value of secondary traits in a drought or low N breeding program?; Secondary traits that help to identify drought tolerance; Secondary traits that help to identify low N tolerance: Selection indices - Combining information on secondary traits with grain yield; Combining information from various experiments; Breeding strategies; Choice of germplasm; Breeding schemes; Biotechnology: potential and constraints for improving drought and low N tolerance; The role of the farmer in selection; What is farmer participatory research and why is it important?; What is new about farmer participatory research?; Participatory methodologies.

Book Developing Drought and Low N tolerant Maize

Download or read book Developing Drought and Low N tolerant Maize written by G. O. Edmeades and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1996 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incidence and intensity of drought and low N stresss in the tropics; Case studies strategies for crop production under drought and low n stresses in the tropics; Stress physology and identification of secondary traits; Physiology of low nitrogen stress; Breeding for tolerance to drought and low n stresses; General breeding strategies for stress tolerance; Progress in breeding drought tolerance; Progress in breeding low nitrogen tolerance; Experimental design and software.

Book II Nitrogen as a Factor in Corn Production

Download or read book II Nitrogen as a Factor in Corn Production written by Clarence Merrill Woodruff and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Effect of seed treatment nitrogen fertilization and herbicide application on the efficacy of bio N on corn zea mays L growth and productivity

Download or read book Effect of seed treatment nitrogen fertilization and herbicide application on the efficacy of bio N on corn zea mays L growth and productivity written by Precila C. Delima and published by . This book was released on with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximum benefits from diazotropic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza plant growth promoting biofertilizers could be fully utilized through a systematic strategy. This will allow yield to be maintained or even increased while fertilizer applications are reduced. The effects of biofertilizers, VAMF and herbicide, and their interactions at different recommended rates of inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of hybrid corn treated with Bio-N were determined in this study. The experiment was performed in RCBD in three replications where the following factors were considered: inoculation with active strain of Azospirillum (Bio-N) and soil-based biofertilizer containing mycorrhizal fungi (Mycovam), three levels of Nitrogen Fertilizers; and absence or presence of biocides. Results showed potential benefits of microbial biofertilizers in combination with suboptimal and optimal amount of N Fertlizer. The treatment combination of 3/4 recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer with Mykovam (T9) had the highest yield (7.895 T) which is near the potential economic yield of 8 tons per hectare. Results further showed that there were differences in growth and growth indices of corn plants as affected by the inorganic fertilizers and in combination with biofertilizers with or without herbicide. Bio-N (T18) and combination of inorganic fertilizers with biofertilizers without herbicide (T19 and T20) were found to be potential substitutes to the commercial inorganic fertlizers based on the Marginal Analysis.

Book Nitrogen in the Environment Sources Problems and Management

Download or read book Nitrogen in the Environment Sources Problems and Management written by R.F. Follett and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.

Book Nitrogen Fertilization of Corn and Small Grain in Relation to Growing Conditions

Download or read book Nitrogen Fertilization of Corn and Small Grain in Relation to Growing Conditions written by Lawrence Frederick Marriott and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Effects of Crop Rotation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Nitrate Concentration and Corn Yield

Download or read book Effects of Crop Rotation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Nitrate Concentration and Corn Yield written by Enrique Ortiz-Torres and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing concerns about production cost and environmental impacts of N fertilization require improving N management. The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of cropping sequences and N fertilization on (1) corn yield and yield stability and (2) soil nitrate concentration in two Iowa long-term rotation experiments and (3) to assess the performance of the late spring nitrate test (LSNT) to assess N availability for corn in several cropping sequences. The experiments were near Kanawha (20 yrs) and Nashua (26 yrs) and N fertilization rates for corn were 0, 90, 180, 270 kg N ha−1. Rotations in Kanawha were continuous corn with spring N (Csp), continuous corn with fall N (Cfl), corn-corn-corn-oat, corn-soybean, corn-soybean-corn-oat, corn- corn-oat-alfalfa, and corn-oat-alfalfa-alfalfa. Rotations in Nashua were continuous corn, corn-soybean, corn-corn-soybean, corn-corn-corn-soybean, and corn-corn-oat-alfalfa. The results indicated that corn yield was higher and yield response to N was lower in the order corn after alfalfa > after soybean or oat undersown with alfalfa, and after alfalfa. There were no significant differences between response to N of continuous corn and second- or third-year corn after soybean. On average, N rates producing maximum observed net returns ranged from 270 kg N ha−1 for corn after corn to zero N for corn after alfalfa. On average, Csp yielded 8.7 % more than Cfl and the highest N rate used did not produce yield as high as those observed for corn in rotation. Corn yield across time was higher and more stable with N fertilization and when legumes were included in rotation. Observed maximum net returns to N increased over the time but the relative response to N fertilization did not change consistently. The highest soil nitrate concentrations were observed for corn after alfalfa and corn with N fertilization. Soil nitrate concentrations were higher for Csp than Cfl. Fertilization increased soil nitrate linearly for all corn crops and rates of increase were similar, except for smaller increases for Cfl and Csp. A certain nitrate concentration resulted in higher relative corn yield for corn after alfalfa. The results support guidelines for use of the LSNT test in Iowa.

Book Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle

Download or read book Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle written by Arvin Mosier and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.

Book Flood Duration and Nitrogen Management Impacts on Corn Physiology and Morphology

Download or read book Flood Duration and Nitrogen Management Impacts on Corn Physiology and Morphology written by Taylor Elizabeth Dill and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in precipitation patterns are increasing the likelihood that crops will experience saturated soil conditions or flooding at some point during the growing season. When corn (Zea mays) is growing under excessive moisture, many physiological and morphological responses occur which include reduced photosynthetic rates, growth and development, and changes in root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) production. The production of RCA has been studied with corn inbreds under drought and nitrogen (N) stress; however, RCA production in flooded corn and how it may impact N uptake (especially post-flood) has not been evaluated using modern hybrids or inbreds. A field study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Ohio to evaluate the interaction between flooding duration and N application rates. The study utilized a split-plot randomized complete block design. The whole plot factor was flood duration (0, 2, 4, or 6 days initiated at V4 to V5) and the subplot factor was N application rate (0, 134, and 202 kg N ha-1). Measurements included height, photosynthetic rate, leaf greenness (SPAD) biomass, and root porosity (an indirect measurement of RCA), N uptake, and grain yield. The results of this study suggest that lengthening flood duration increases root exploration via biomass partitioning and RCA production. Grain yield tended to increase with N application regardless of flood duration, but was most limited under extended flood and low N rates. Soil nitrate levels two weeks after flood initiation may serve as an approximation of yield and economic return potential, while SPAD values at the same termination date may serve as an approximation of soil nitrate. Traditional flood tolerant phenotypes are varied between modern corn hybrids and recombinant inbred lines. Therefore, targeting flood tolerant phenotypes in a wide range of inbred lines may improve flood tolerance in modern hybrids. Investigating the response of corn to flood duration helps show the importance of modern hybrids and determines the physiological traits that are most beneficial to overcome stress. Assessing the role of N application timing and rate will directly impact producer’s in season N application decisions. Future research on N application practices after flood events paired with the use of soil samples leaf greenness tools to estimate soil nitrate levels would impact management practices further.

Book Integrated Plant Nutrient Management in Sub Saharan Africa

Download or read book Integrated Plant Nutrient Management in Sub Saharan Africa written by and published by CABI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil degradation and nutrient depletion have become serious threats to agricultural productivity in Africa. Soils cannot supply the quantities of nutrients required and yield levels decline rapidly once cropping commences. This book addresses these issues and includes papers from an international symposium held at Cotonou, Benin, October 9-12, 2000, organized by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria and the Department of Land Management of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. In five main parts it marks the end of a first phase of collaborative research on "Balanced Nutrient Management Systems for the Moist Savanna and Humid Forest Zones of Africa" and concludes with recommendations, providing essential reading for crop and soil scientists.