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Book The Ethics of Remembering and the Consequences of Forgetting

Download or read book The Ethics of Remembering and the Consequences of Forgetting written by Michael O'Loughlin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ethics of Remembering and the Consequences of Forgetting: Essays on Trauma, History, and Memory brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines that draw on multiple perspectives to address issues that arise at the intersection of trauma, history, and memory. Contributors include critical theorists, critical historians, psychoanalysts, psychotherapists, and a working artist. The authors use intergenerational trauma theory while also pushing and pulling at the edges of conventional understandings of how trauma is defined. This book respects the importance of the recuperation of memory and the creation of interstitial spaces where trauma might be voiced. The writers are consistent in showing a deep respect for the sociohistorical context of subjective formation and the political importance of recuperating dangerous memory—the kind of memory that some authorities go to great lengths to erase. The Ethics of Remembering and the Consequences of Forgetting is of interest to critical historians, critical social theorists, psychotherapists, psychosocial theorists, and to those exploring the possibilities of life as the practice of freedom.

Book Complexities and Dangers of Remembering and Forgetting in Rwanda

Download or read book Complexities and Dangers of Remembering and Forgetting in Rwanda written by Olivier Nyirubugara and published by Sidestone Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can a society, a culture, a country, be trapped by its own memories? The question is not easy to answer, but it would not be a bad idea to cautiously say: 'It depends'. This book is about one society - Rwanda - and its culture, traditions, identities, and memories. More specifically, it discusses some of the ways in which ethnic identities and related memories constitute a deadly trap that needs to be torn apart if mass violence is to be eradicated in that country. It looks into everyday cultural practices such as child naming and oral traditions (myths and tales, proverbs, war poetry etc.) and into political practices that govern the ways in which citizens conceptualise the past. Rwanda was engulfed in a bloody war from 1990 until 1994, the last episode of which was a genocide that claimed about a million lives amongst the Tutsi minority. This book - the first in the Memory Traps series - provides a new understanding of how a seemingly quiet society can suddenly turn into a scene of the most horrible inter-ethnic crimes. It offers an analysis of the complexities and dangers resulting from the ways in which memories are managed both at a personal level and at a collective level. The main point is that Rwandans have become hostages of their memories of the long-gone and the recent past. The book shows how these memories follow ethnic lines and lead to a state of cultural hypocrisy on the one hand, and to permanent conflict - either open and brutal, or latent and beneath the surface - on the other hand. Written from a memory studies perspective and informed by critical theory, philosophy, literature, [oral] history, and psychology, amongst others, this book deals with some controversial subjects and deconstructs some of the received ideas about the recent and the long-gone past of Rwanda. About the author: Olivier Nyirubugara is a lecturer of New Media and Online Journalism at the Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication (Erasmus University Rotterdam). In 2011, he completed a PhD in Media Studies at the University of Amsterdam with a dissertation entitled Surfing the Past: Digital Learners in the History Class, in which he empirically explored ways in which pupils use the Web to find historical information. Nyirubugara has also been practicing journalism since 2002 and has been training and coaching journalists in mobile reporting in Africa since 2007.

Book Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults

Download or read book Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.

Book Neural Plasticity and Memory

Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq

Book Memory  History  Forgetting

Download or read book Memory History Forgetting written by Paul Ricoeur and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do major historical events such as the Holocaust occupy the forefront of the collective consciousness, while profound moments such as the Armenian genocide, the McCarthy era, and France's role in North Africa stand distantly behind? Is it possible that history "overly remembers" some events at the expense of others? A landmark work in philosophy, Paul Ricoeur's Memory, History, Forgetting examines this reciprocal relationship between remembering and forgetting, showing how it affects both the perception of historical experience and the production of historical narrative. Memory, History, Forgetting, like its title, is divided into three major sections. Ricoeur first takes a phenomenological approach to memory and mnemonical devices. The underlying question here is how a memory of present can be of something absent, the past. The second section addresses recent work by historians by reopening the question of the nature and truth of historical knowledge. Ricoeur explores whether historians, who can write a history of memory, can truly break with all dependence on memory, including memories that resist representation. The third and final section is a profound meditation on the necessity of forgetting as a condition for the possibility of remembering, and whether there can be something like happy forgetting in parallel to happy memory. Throughout the book there are careful and close readings of the texts of Aristotle and Plato, of Descartes and Kant, and of Halbwachs and Pierre Nora. A momentous achievement in the career of one of the most significant philosophers of our age, Memory, History, Forgetting provides the crucial link between Ricoeur's Time and Narrative and Oneself as Another and his recent reflections on ethics and the problems of responsibility and representation. “His success in revealing the internal relations between recalling and forgetting, and how this dynamic becomes problematic in light of events once present but now past, will inspire academic dialogue and response but also holds great appeal to educated general readers in search of both method for and insight from considering the ethical ramifications of modern events. . . . It is indeed a master work, not only in Ricoeur’s own vita but also in contemporary European philosophy.”—Library Journal “Ricoeur writes the best kind of philosophy—critical, economical, and clear.”— New York Times Book Review

Book Memory

    Book Details:
  • Author : Barry Gordon
  • Publisher : Mastermedia Publishing Company
  • Release : 1996-12
  • ISBN : 9781571010735
  • Pages : 324 pages

Download or read book Memory written by Barry Gordon and published by Mastermedia Publishing Company. This book was released on 1996-12 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Gordon explains the difference between a real memory impairment and the normal absent-mindedness that occasionally affects us all--especially as we age. Memory offers simple strategies for dealing with age-related memory loss, based on fascinating and informative research findings.

Book The Seven Sins of Memory

Download or read book The Seven Sins of Memory written by Daniel L. Schacter and published by HMH. This book was released on 2002-05-07 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Notable Book: A psychologist’s “gripping and thought-provoking” look at how and why our brains sometimes fail us (Steven Pinker, author of How the Mind Works). In this intriguing study, Harvard psychologist Daniel L. Schacter explores the memory miscues that occur in everyday life, placing them into seven categories: absent-mindedness, transience, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. Illustrating these concepts with vivid examples—case studies, literary excerpts, experimental evidence, and accounts of highly visible news events such as the O. J. Simpson verdict, Bill Clinton’s grand jury testimony, and the search for the Oklahoma City bomber—he also delves into striking new scientific research, giving us a glimpse of the fascinating neurology of memory and offering “insight into common malfunctions of the mind” (USA Today). “Though memory failure can amount to little more than a mild annoyance, the consequences of misattribution in eyewitness testimony can be devastating, as can the consequences of suggestibility among pre-school children and among adults with ‘false memory syndrome’ . . . Drawing upon recent neuroimaging research that allows a glimpse of the brain as it learns and remembers, Schacter guides his readers on a fascinating journey of the human mind.” —Library Journal “Clear, entertaining and provocative . . . Encourages a new appreciation of the complexity and fragility of memory.” —The Seattle Times “Should be required reading for police, lawyers, psychologists, and anyone else who wants to understand how memory can go terribly wrong.” —The Atlanta Journal-Constitution “A fascinating journey through paths of memory, its open avenues and blind alleys . . . Lucid, engaging, and enjoyable.” —Jerome Groopman, MD “Compelling in its science and its probing examination of everyday life, The Seven Sins of Memory is also a delightful book, lively and clear.” —Chicago Tribune Winner of the William James Book Award

Book Remember

    Book Details:
  • Author : Lisa Genova
  • Publisher : Atlantic Books
  • Release : 2021-09-02
  • ISBN : 1838954163
  • Pages : 187 pages

Download or read book Remember written by Lisa Genova and published by Atlantic Books. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *A New York Times bestseller* 'Using her expertise as a neuroscientist and her gifts as a storyteller, Lisa Genova explains the nuances of human memory' - Steven Pinker, Johnstone Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and bestselling author of How The Mind Works 'No one writes more brilliantly about the connections between the brain, the mind, and the heart. Remember is a beautiful, fascinating, and important book about the mysteries of human memory - what it is, how it works, and what happens when it is stolen from us. A scientific and literary treat that you will not soon forget.' - Daniel Gilbert ( New York Times bestselling author of Stumbling on Happiness) Have you ever felt a crushing wave of panic when you can't for the life of you remember the name of that actor in the movie you saw last week, or you walk into a room only to forget why you went there in the first place? If you're over forty, you're probably not laughing. You might even be worried that these lapses in memory could be an early sign of Alzheimer's or dementia. In reality, for the vast majority of us, these examples of forgetting are completely normal. Why? Because while memory is amazing, it is far from perfect. Our brains aren't designed to remember every name we hear, plan we make or day we experience. Just because your memory sometimes fails doesn't mean it's broken or succumbing to disease. Forgetting is actually part of being human. In Remember, neuroscientist and acclaimed novelist Lisa Genova delves into how memories are made and how we retrieve them. In explaining whether forgotten memories are temporarily inaccessible or erased forever and why some memories are built to exist for only a few seconds while others can last a lifetime, we're shown the clear distinction between normal forgetting (where you parked your car) and forgetting due to Alzheimer's (that you own a car). Remember shows us how to create a better relationship with our memory - so we no longer have to fear it any more, which can be life-changing.

Book Prospective Memory

    Book Details:
  • Author : Anna-Lisa Cohen
  • Publisher : Springer
  • Release : 2017-11-17
  • ISBN : 3319689908
  • Pages : 111 pages

Download or read book Prospective Memory written by Anna-Lisa Cohen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current developments in the field of prospective memory, or memory for delayed intentions. It explores several key areas in prospective memory research, including computational modeling, neuroscience and prospective memory, output monitoring, and implementation intentions. It seeks to increase understanding of prospective memory as well as offer the latest and most compelling findings in the field. Prospective memory, or the act of remembering to carry out a previously formed intention, requires the processes of encoding, storage, and delayed retrieval of intended actions. Chapters in this Brief discuss the implementation and execution of intended actions, as well as the conditions in which they can fail. In addition, chapters also include reviews of the current state of the neuroscience of prospective memory as well as developments in statistical modeling. Laboratory research in the field of prospective memory began in the late 1980s and since then, the number of studies has increased exponentially. This Brief provides timely and relevant information in a field that is ever expanding and growing. This Brief is an informative resource for researchers and undergraduate and graduate students in the field of psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience.

Book Remembering Simplified Hanzi 1

Download or read book Remembering Simplified Hanzi 1 written by James W. Heisig and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2008-10-31 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At long last the approach that has helped thousands of learners memorize Japanese kanji has been adapted to help students with Chinese characters. Book 1 of Remembering Simplified Hanzi covers the writing and meaning of the 1,000 most commonly used characters in the simplified Chinese writing system, plus another 500 that are best learned at an early stage. (Book 2 adds another 1,500 characters for a total of 3,000.) Of critical importance to the approach found in these pages is the systematic arranging of characters in an order best suited to memorization. In the Chinese writing system, strokes and simple components are nested within relatively simple characters, which can, in turn, serve as parts of more complicated characters and so on. Taking advantage of this allows a logical ordering, making it possible for students to approach most new characters with prior knowledge that can greatly facilitate the learning process. Guidance and detailed instructions are provided along the way. Students are taught to employ "imaginative memory" to associate each character’s component parts, or "primitive elements," with one another and with a key word that has been carefully selected to represent an important meaning of the character. This is accomplished through the creation of a "story" that engagingly ties the primitive elements and key word together. In this way, the collections of dots, strokes, and components that make up the characters are associated in memorable fashion, dramatically shortening the time required for learning and helping to prevent characters from slipping out of memory.

Book The Memory Thief

    Book Details:
  • Author : Lauren Aguirre
  • Publisher : Simon and Schuster
  • Release : 2021-06-01
  • ISBN : 1643136534
  • Pages : 336 pages

Download or read book The Memory Thief written by Lauren Aguirre and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FINALIST FOR THE 2022 PEN/E.O. WILSON LITERARY SCIENCE WRITING AWARD "Aguirre writes clearly, concisely, and often cinematically. The book succeeds in providing an accessible yet substantive look at memory science and offering glimpses of the often-challenging process of biomedical investigation.”—Science Sometimes, it’s not the discovery that’s hard – it’s convincing others that you’re right. The Memory Thief chronicles an investigation into a rare and devastating amnesia first identified in a cluster of fentanyl overdose survivors. When a handful of doctors embark on a quest to find out exactly what happened to these marginalized victims, they encounter indifference and skepticism from the medical establishment. But after many blind alleys and occasional strokes of good luck, they go on to prove that opioids can damage the hippocampus, a tiny brain region responsible for forming new memories. This discovery may have implications for millions of people around the world. Through the prism of this fascinating story, Aguirre recounts the obstacles researchers so often confront when new ideas bump up against conventional wisdom. She explains the elegant tricks scientists use to tease out the fundamental mechanisms of memory. And finally, she reveals why researchers now believe that a treatment for Alzheimer’s is within reach.

Book Practical Memory

    Book Details:
  • Author : I. C. Robledo
  • Publisher : I. C. Robledo
  • Release : 2018-03-06
  • ISBN : 8827501215
  • Pages : 202 pages

Download or read book Practical Memory written by I. C. Robledo and published by I. C. Robledo. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simple, Practical, “Common Sense” Tips to Remember More & Forget Less You are here because your memory is not as good as you would like. Why might this be? Well, the internet has all the facts we need at our fingertips. Then cameras store our pictures, and smartphones contain the phone numbers of everyone we know. With so much information being recorded for us, the brain has little that it actually needs to remember. This may be good for productivity, but is bad for our memories. The problem is when we apply our memories less and less, our ability to remember can also get worse and worse…. The solution here is simple. We must practice and exercise our memories. Thankfully, in Practical Memory you will discover simple systems and exercises anyone can use to improve their memory. This way, you can see progress immediately, without needing to spend precious time learning difficult techniques (as with many other memory books). Internationally bestselling author I. C. Robledo has examined “ordinary” people with powerful memories. Studying such people is useful because they tend to use simple, practical “common sense” systems that we could all benefit from. Now, those tips are all compiled here into one convenient resource. Inside, you will discover: - How to recall even the most difficult memories (e.g., on the tip of your tongue) - Why intending or planning to remember is a key step to building memories - How to stop forgetting your purse/wallet, phone, camera, etc. - Why too much routine can be bad for your ability to remember - How to remember where you parked the car - Special tips for how to remember new locations when traveling (and stop getting lost) Start building a more powerful memory today with Practical Memory. Practical Memory will help you to remember and recall the total contents of events, more than you thought you could, and get rid of memory loss finally. Your memories will come back to you much more easily, efficiently, and effortlessly than ever before. Mental mastery begins with actually remembering what happens. This doesn’t always come easily. It takes practice to discover and find these memories that are sometimes challenging to grasp and recollect. Now you can finally uncover them with these special, easy-to-use, easy-to-apply, and easy-to-master techniques to build a powerful memory without the usual pains of rote memorization and cue cards. Ultimately, you will boost, enhance, stimulate, exercise, and train your memory practically. This book is ideal for high school and college students, gifted and talented students, standardized test takers, teachers, educators, adult learners, independent learners and self-starters, school administrators, managers and leaders, and parents. This may also be useful for anyone concerned about dementia or cognitive decline while aging, but please understand that this book does not offer any medical advice. Similar authors you may have enjoyed include Sean Patrick, Daniel Coyle, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Malcolm Gladwell, Steven Pressfield, Walter Isaacson, Michael Michalko, Ed Catmull, David McRaney, Tony Buzan, Barbara Oakley, Joshua Foer, Sanjay Gupta, Harry Lorayne, Edward de Bono, Joseph Murphy, John C. Maxwell, Robert Greene, Peter Hollins, Peter C. Brown, Jim Kwik, and Josh Waitzkin. Similar genres of books you tend to read will be nonfiction, self-help, self-improvement, personal development, mind and brain improvement, philosophy, applied psychology, biographies and memoirs, education, learning, academic, textbooks, health, mind & body, business and investing, religion and spirituality, and Christian books. If you liked Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything by Joshua Foer, The Memory Book: The Classic Guide to Improving Your Memory at Work, at School, and at Play by Harry Lorayne, or Limitless: Upgrade Your Brain, Learn Anything Faster, and Unlock Your Exceptional Life by Jim Kwik, you won’t want to miss this book. Practical Memory is also available in paperback and as an audiobook. Pick up your copy today by scrolling to the top of the page and clicking BUY NOW. Editorial Reviews "This book isn't designed to make you a memory wizard; it's designed to help with practical issues most of us face regularly: losing your keys, forgetting what you went into a room to do, not remembering names. It does just what it was designed to do."- Lillian Ammann, author of "Dream or Destiny" "This book is a bargain. It will help you appreciate your life more and succeed well beyond your current performance level." - Douglas Winslow Cooper, author of "Ting and I" and former Harvard professor "This book is complete with MANY easy and effective tools to help one improve memory in many areas and I'll be reading it again as I strive to improve even more. Very very helpful."- Regina L Floyd, reader, Amazon.com "The astonishing thing is perhaps that most of the techniques are based and grounded in daily life and can be practiced on a simple daily level, without intellectualizing the matter in any way." - Dr. Peter Fritz Walter, writer, speaker, and consultant "I have lost my glasses and have over 5 pair...maybe 8 pair. Well, I was always trying to find them and this has gone on for decades. I would bellow to the heavens and say...help me find the darn things! Now I walk over to where they are supposed to be and 90% of the time I can find exactly the pair that I want and a backup behind it. You have no idea how good this is for me." - Kay Lewis, senior reader, Amazon.com "The use of these tools to improve memory can and will if used with consistency develop in a person a 'muscular memory' that is 'sharp as a whip'". - Clayton, reader, Amazon.com "The bottom line here is this guide is a keeper. I can see myself revisiting this book again." - Ms. Lu, reader, Amazon.com

Book Introduction to Psychology

Download or read book Introduction to Psychology written by Jennifer Walinga and published by Hasanraza Ansari. This book was released on with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section.

Book Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Download or read book Dementia with Lewy Bodies written by John O'Brien and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling a noticeable gap in the market for a new text solely focused on Dementia with Lewy Bodies, this book discusses cutting-edge topics covering the condition from diagnosis to management, as well as what is known about the neurobiological changes involved. With huge progress having been made over the last decade in terms of the disorder

Book Ways of Forgetting  Ways of Remembering

Download or read book Ways of Forgetting Ways of Remembering written by John W. Dower and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historian John W. Dower’s celebrated investigations into modern Japanese history, World War II, and U.S.–Japanese relations have earned him critical accolades and numerous honors, including the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award, and the Bancroft Prize. Now Dower returns to the major themes of his groundbreaking work, examining American and Japanese perceptions of key moments in their shared history. Both provocative and probing, Ways of Forgetting, Ways of Remembering delves into a range of subjects, including the complex role of racism on both sides of the Pacific War, the sophistication of Japanese wartime propaganda, the ways in which the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is remembered in Japan, and the story of how the postwar study of Japan in the United States and the West was influenced by Cold War politics. Ways of Forgetting, Ways of Remembering offers urgent insights by one of our greatest interpreters of the past into how citizens of democracy should deal with their history and, as Dower writes, “the need to constantly ask what is not being asked.”

Book Managing Your Memory

    Book Details:
  • Author : Bill E. Beckwith
  • Publisher : Argentum Press
  • Release : 2005-05-01
  • ISBN : 9780974837918
  • Pages : 194 pages

Download or read book Managing Your Memory written by Bill E. Beckwith and published by Argentum Press. This book was released on 2005-05-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Nature of Remembering

    Book Details:
  • Author : Robert G. Crowder
  • Publisher : Amer Psychological Assn
  • Release : 2001-01-01
  • ISBN : 9781557987501
  • Pages : 396 pages

Download or read book The Nature of Remembering written by Robert G. Crowder and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This proceedings of the conference held in June 1999 at Yale U. is also a festschrift to Crowder (d. 2000), who taught at the same institution and whose life and career are the subject of the initial chapter. Subsequent chapters consider topics that include: episodic memory, the issues raised concerning the semantic activation from reading, implicit phenomena of cognition and its reception by social psychologists, the serial position curve and the effects of mode of presentation, touch as a modality of information, the effects of irrelevant speech and sounds on memory, and the Ranschburg effect. The concluding four chapters are devoted to issues of short-term memory. All of the contributors teach psychology at universities in the US and Canada. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).