Download or read book Reconciling Micro and Macro Labor Supply Elasticities written by Michael P. Keane and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of aggregate labor supply to various changes in the economic environment is central to many economic issues, especially the optimal design of tax policies. This paper surveys recent work that uses structural models and micro data to evaluate the size of this response. Whereas the earlier literature on this issue often concluded that aggregate labor supply elasticities were small, recent work has identified three key reasons that the aggregate elasticity may be quite large. First, earlier estimates abstracted from several key features, including human capital accumulation, leading to estimates that are dramatically negatively biased. Second, failure to understand that aggregate labor supply adjustments can occur along both the hours per worker and employment margins has led economists to misinterpret the implications of previous estimates for aggregate labor supply. Third, structural estimation of responses along the extensive (i.e., employment) margin are typically quite large -- National Bureau of Economic Research web site.

Download or read book Reconciling Micro and Macro Labor Supply Elasticities A Structural Perspective written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reconciling Micro and Macro Estimates of the Frisch Labor Supply Elasticity written by William Peterman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the large gap between the microeconometric estimates of the Frisch labor supply elasticity (0-.5) and the values used by macroeconomists to calibrate general equilibrium models (2-4). These two ranges identify two fundamentally different notions, the micro and macro Frisch elasticity, respectively. Due to the different definitions, there are two restrictions in the micro Frisch elasticity that are relaxed in the macro Frisch elasticity. First, the micro Frisch elasticity focuses only on prime-aged married males who are the head of their household, while the macro Frisch elasticity represents the whole population. Second, the micro Frisch elasticity only incorporates intensive margin fluctuations in hours, while the macro Frisch elasticity includes both intensive and extensive margin fluctuations. This paper finds that relaxing these two restrictions causes estimates of the Frisch elasticity to increase from 0.2 to between 2.9 and 3.1, indicating that these two restrictions can explain the gap between the microeconometric estimates and the calibration values. However, this paper demonstrates that these estimates of the macro Frisch elasticity are sensitive to the estimation procedure and also the exclusion of older individuals, implying that calibration values used for macroeconomic models should be selected carefully.

Download or read book Reconciling Micro and Macro Estimates of the Frisch Labor Supply Elasticity written by William B. Peterman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Micro Vs Macro Labor Supply Elasticities written by Henrik Kleven and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key contention in economics is the discrepancy between micro and macro elasticities of labor supply with respect to marginal tax rates. We revisit this question, focusing on the role of dynamic returns to effort among top earners. We develop a new model of earnings responses to taxes in the presence of dynamic returns. In this model, the returns to effort are delayed and mediated by job switches such as promotions within firms or movements between firms. Short-run micro elasticities are attenuated relative to the true long-run macro elasticity. We proceed by providing two main empirical analyses using rich administrative data from Denmark. The first part presents descriptive evidence on earnings and hours-worked patterns over the lifecycle that confirm the predictions of the theoretical model. The second part presents quasi-experimental evidence on earnings responses to taxes using discrete job switches. The empirical strategy is informed by the theoretical model, according to which job switches can be used to (partially) identify the macro elasticity of labor supply. The evidence shows that, at the top of the distribution, macro elasticities are much larger than micro elasticities due to dynamic compensation effects.

Download or read book Does indivisible labor explain the difference between micro and macro elasticities A meta analysis of extensive margin elasticities written by Raj Chetty and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Macroeconomic calibrations imply much larger labor supply elasticities than microeconometric studies. The most well known explanation for this divergence is that indivisible labor generates extensive margin responses that are not captured in micro studies of hours choices. We evaluate whether existing calibrations of macro models are consistent with micro evidence on extensive margin responses using two approaches. First, we use a standard calibrated macro model to simulate the impacts of tax policy changes on labor supply. Second, we present a meta-analysis of quasi-experimental estimates of extensive margin elasticities. We find that micro estimates are consistent with macro evidence on the steady-state (Hicksian) elasticities relevant for cross-country comparisons. However, micro estimates of extensive-margin elasticities are an order of magnitude smaller than the values needed to explain business cycle fluctuations in aggregate hours. Hence, indivisible labor supply does not explain the large gap between micro and macro estimates of intertemporal substitution (Frisch) elasticities. Our synthesis of the micro evidence points to Hicksian elasticities of 0.3 on the intensive and 0.25 on the extensive margin and Frisch elasticities of 0.5 on the intensive and 0.25 on the extensive margin

Download or read book Bounds on Elasticities with Optimization Frictions written by Raj Chetty and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I derive bounds on price elasticities in a dynamic model that is mis-specified due to optimization frictions such as adjustment costs or inattention. The bounds are a function of the observed effect of a price change on demand, the size of the price change, and the degree of frictions. I measure the degree of frictions by the utility losses agents tolerate to make choices that deviate from the frictionless optimum. I apply these bounds to the literature on taxation and labor supply, allowing for frictions of 1% of consumption in choosing labor supply. Such small frictions reconcile the difference between micro and macro elasticities, extensive and intensive margin elasticities, and several other disparate findings. Pooling estimates from twenty existing studies yields bounds on the intensive margin labor supply elasticity of (0.47,0.54).

Download or read book Robust Inference for the Frisch Labor Supply Elasticity written by Michael P. Keane and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a long standing controversy over the magnitude of the Frisch labor supply elasticity. Macro economists using DSGE models often calibrate it to be large, while many micro data studies find it is small. Several papers attempt to reconcile the micro and macro results. We o ff er a new and simple explanation: Most micro studies estimate the Frisch using a 2SLS regression of hours changes on wage changes. However, due to a little appreciated power asymmetry property of 2SLS that we clarify, estimates of the Frisch will (spuriously) appear more precise when they are more shifted in the direction of the OLS bias, which is negative. As a result, Frisch elasticity estimates near zero appear (spuriously) precise, while large positive estimates appear (spuriously) imprecise. This pattern makes it di ffi cult for a 2SLS t-test to detect a true positive Frisch elasticity. Fortunately, the Anderson-Rubin (AR) test does not su ff er from this power asymmetry problem. The AR test leads us to conclude the Frisch elasticity is large and significant in the NLSY97 data. In contrast, a conventional 2SLS t-test would lead us to conclude it is not significantly di ff erent from zero. Our application illustrates a fundamental problem with 2SLS t-tests that arises quite generally. This problem is severe when instruments are weak, but persists even if they are strong. Thus, we argue the AR test should be widely adopted in lieu of the t-test.

Download or read book Labor Supply Elasticities written by Riccardo Fiorito and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Aggregate Labor Supply written by Choonsung Park and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The theme of this thesis is to measure the aggregate labor supply elasticity both at the intensive and extensive margins. The first two chapters concern measuring the labor supply elasticity at the extensive margin in a manner robust to model specifications. The third chapter obtains an intensive margin elasticity of labor supply in an environment in which workers' hours are complements in production. The first chapter exploits micro data on the joint distribution of consumption and wages to measure the Frisch labor supply elasticity at the extensive margin. I derive the following reservation property of the working decision: in a class of models in which the wage process is exogenous (EWP models), given consumption, there exists a unique wage level above which individuals work and below which they do not. In particular, this property is robust to arbitrary heterogeneity in borrowing constraints, discount factors, and wage processes--intuitively, consumption summarizes these factors that affect individual labor supply. Those workers with low wages relative to consumption are inferred to be more marginally attached to the labor market. The number of such workers is key to the magnitude of the Frisch elasticity at the extensive margin. Using the joint distribution of consumption and wages observed from the PSID waves 1999-2011, I find that (i) the aggregate Frisch elasticity of labor supply at the extensive margin is 0.4, and that (ii) across various demographic groups, the elasticity ranges from 0.2 to 0.6. These estimates are similar to those of quasi-experimental studies, suggesting that the number of marginal workers implied by the data is relatively small. In the second chapter, I allow the wage process to be endogenous by writing a class of models in which individuals accumulate human capital through learning-by-doing (LBD). I again measure the labor supply elasticity at the extensive margin, but consider how the human capital accumulation affects the measured elasticity compared to the simpler environment in Chapter 1. I show that in this environment the reservation wage can be defined conditional on consumption and assets choices. Intuitively, if a worker with the same wage and assets with another individual consumes more, then this suggests that the worker has a higher shadow value of LBD. Thus, consumption and assets choices jointly reveal the willingness to work, or the reservation wage. Using the data of consumption, wages, and assets from the PSID waves 1999-2011, I find that the aggregate labor supply elasticity at the extensive margin under the human capital models is 0.36, while that under the EWP models is 0.4. The small elasticity gap is because individuals with low consumption are likely to have low assets as well, implying that understanding the relationship between consumption and wages remains key to predicting the employment responses to wage shocks. Second, for narrowly defined demographic groups, the measured elasticities range from 0.2 to 1. As with the EWP models, relatively elastic groups are those who are younger, single, nonwhite, female, or without college degree. Considering the human capital accumulation does not particularly change the demographic characteristics of more marginal workers. The third chapter is based on a paper coauthored with Michele Battisti of Ifo Institute, and Ryan Michaels of the Department of Economics at the University of Rochester. We study the labor supply elasticity at the intensive margin in an environment in which workers are complements in production. The complementarity of workers implies an incentive to coordinate labor supply within the firm, which compresses working-time adjustments across workers in response to purely idiosyncratic variation in their return from working. This places no restrictions, however, on the response of firm-wide working time to firm-wide shocks. We estimate a model in which heterogeneous firms and workers bargain on working time and earnings using the method of simulated moments. The target moments are from matched firm-worker data from North-East Italy. We revisit earlier findings of a small intertemporal elasticity of labor supply exploiting the model's prediction that this elasticity will be larger for firm-wide fluctuations than evaluated at the individual level. First, the model uncovers the Frisch labor supply elasticity at the intensive margin 0.53. This value is near the top end of the range of estimates found in earlier studies. Second, to study how ignoring the coordination of labor supply affects the implied elasticity, we simulate the model such that only 1/9 of a firm's workforce receives a lump-sum transfer, but the remainder of the firm's workers do not (The fraction of the workforce corresponds to one cohort of workers that shares the same productivity and preference in the model). If we use the treatment effect in this case to infer the Frisch elasticity, the implied elasticity is less than half the estimate 0.53 we uncover."--Pages v-vii.

Download or read book Micro and Macro Elasticities in a Life Cycle Model with Taxes written by Richard Rogerson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We build a life cycle model of labor supply that incorporates changes along both the intensive and extensive margin and use it to assess the consequences of changes in tax and transfer policies on equilibrium hours of work. We find that changes in taxes have large aggregate effects on hours of work. Moreover, we find that there is no inconsistency between this result and the empirical finding of small labor elasticities for prime age workers. In our model, micro and macro elasticities are effectively unrelated. Our model is also consistent with other cross-country patterns.

Download or read book Micro and Macro Elasticities in a Life Cycle Model with Taxes written by Richard Donald Rogerson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We build a life cycle model of labor supply that incorporates changes along both the intensive and extensive margin and use it to assess the consequences of changes in tax and transfer policies on equilibrium hours of work. We find that changes in taxes have large aggregate effects on hours of work. Moreover, we find that there is no inconsistency between this result and the empirical finding of small labor elasticities for prime age workers. In our model, micro and macro elasticities are effectively unrelated. Our model is also consistent with other cross-country patterns.

Download or read book Estimating Labour Supply Elasticities Based on Cross country Micro Data a Bridge Between Micro and Macro Estimates written by Markus Jäntti and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of the Family written by Esther Redmount and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating look at the role that households—and the dynamics of families, in particular—play in creating economic growth and social stability in modern economies and markets. This timely compilation of essays examines the paradigm of family in the 21st century, delving into cohabitation, marriage, and divorce; the effects of modern family units on work and consumption; and the ramifications of life choices on economic growth and stability. The text ponders highly personal yet societal topics, such as who lives with whom and why; the reasons for low birth rates among highly educated, high-income women; and strategies busy parents use to balance career, parenthood, and personal life. Volume I explores the various profiles of families today, covering multi- or single-generational, single or dual parent, and same- or opposite-sex couples. Volume II considers how time and money are shared among family members and what impact this distribution of resources has on occupations, technology, and markets. The text scrutinizes the factors that drive family formation and dissolution, control population in countries all over the world, and contribute to a family's well-being and fortitude.

Download or read book How Does Taxation Affect Hours Worked in EU New Member States written by Agustin Velasquez and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hours worked vary widely across countries and over time. In this paper, we investigate the role played by taxation in explaining these differences for EU New Member States. By extending a standard growth model with novel data on consumption and labor taxes, we assess the evolution of trends in hours worked over the 1995-2017 period. We find that the inclusion of tax rates in the model significantly improves the tracking of hours. We also estimate the elasticity of hours (and its different margins) to quantify the deadweight loss introduced by consumption and labor taxes. We find that these taxes explain a large share of labor supply differences across EU New Member States and that the potential gains from policy actions are noteworthy.

Download or read book Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling written by Peter B. Dixon and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-01-08 with total page 1886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Top scholars synthesize and analyze scholarship on this widely used tool of policy analysis in 27 articles, setting forth its accomplishments, difficulties, and means of implementation. Though CGE modeling does not play a prominent role in top U.S. graduate schools, it is employed universally in the development of economic policy. This collection is particularly important because it presents a history of modeling applications and examines competing points of view. - Presents coherent summaries of CGE theories that inform major model types - Covers the construction of CGE databases, model solving, and computer-assisted interpretation of results - Shows how CGE modeling has made a contribution to economic policy

Download or read book Advance Earned Income Tax Credit written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: