Download or read book Recent advances in porous adsorbent assisted atmospheric water harvesting a review of adsorbent materials written by Shuai Zhang and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water shortage is an increasing threat to humankind. Porous sorbent assisted atmospheric water harvesting (psaAWH) has emerged as an effective technological countermeasure. In this review, we summarize the types of porous adsorbents used in psaAWH and provide an overview of their states of development. The water adsorption mechanism and the processes associated with each material are analyzed, and the application prospects of the adsorbents are evaluated. The effect of the inherent properties (pore size, functional group, etc.) of the adsorbent on the water harvesting performance is also discussed. Further, we focus on the water adsorption/desorption kinetics of the adsorbents and outline various methods to improve the kinetics. At this stage, there are many strategies for improving the kinetics of the adsorbent, which in turn influences the adsorption process and intra/inter-crystalline diffusion. However, there is still limited research on the transport of water molecules in microporous adsorbents for psaAWH. Thus, this aspect is re-examined herein from a new perspective (superfluidity) in the review. Based on the discussion, we can reasonably infer that water molecule superfluidity can exist in nanoconfined channels, thus promoting the rapid transport of water molecules. The formation of water superfluidity is a feasible strategy for improving the intracrystalline diffusion of the psaAWH adsorbent. Finally, we consider the future developments and challenges of psaAWH in detail. We think this review can serve as a guide for further research in this ever-expanding field.

Download or read book Green Adsorbents for Pollutant Removal written by Grégorio Crini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume on adsorption using green adsorbents and is written by international contributors who are the leading experts in the adsorption field. Together with the first volume they show a typical selection of green materials used in wastewater treatment, with emphasis on industrial effluents. This second volume focuses on innovative materials. It presents hemp-based materials for metal removal, and the use of leaves for metal removal. It describes the biosorption of metals and metalloids on various materials and discusses the recent advances in cellulose-based adsorbents used in environmental purposes. Furthermore, activated carbons from food wastes, aerogels and bones, and municipal solid waste biochar as efficient materials for pollutant removal, respectively are reviewed as well as biosorption of dyes onto microbial biosorbents and the use of mushroom biomass to remove pollutants are looked at. The volume also includes detailed review of green adsorbents for removal of antibiotics, pesticides and endocrine disruptors and the use of pillared interlayered clays as innovative materials for pollutant removal. Finally, the use of green adsorbents for radioactive pollutant removal from natural water is discussed. The audience for this book includes students, environmentalists, engineers, water scientists, civil and industrial personnel who wish to specialize in adsorption technology. Academically, this book will be of use to students in chemical and environmental engineering who wish to learn about adsorption and its fundamentals. It has also been compiled for practicing engineers who wish to know about recent developments on adsorbent materials in order to promote further research toward improving and developing newer adsorbents and processes for the efficient removal of pollutants from industrial effluents. It is hoped that the book will serve as a readable and useful presentation not only for undergraduate and postgraduate students but also for the water scientists and engineers and as a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous recent examples and appended information.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Adsorption Processes for Environmental Protection and Security written by José Paulo Mota and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the Workshop was to share knowledge on the latest advances on adsorption processes for environmental security and protection, as well as to disseminate the main results and achievements of recent NATO Science-for-Peace projects on environmental security and protection. This volume provides a comprehensive report on adsorption and colloids phenomena, carbon materials and adsorbents for various industrial applications, ecological safety and antiterrorism.

Download or read book Adsorption Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting written by Muhammad Sultan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) became very essential to provide fresh potable water. This technique is in practice since 1900 (US661944A) by Edger S. Belden. Atmospheric water is a source of freshwater with 13000 trillion liters availability of water at any time and can be utilized in overcoming water shortage, especially in arid and rural areas. It holds up the water molecules in the form of vapors and accounts for adding 10% of all freshwater present on the earth. Mainly, the two most common methods have been used for the extraction of atmospheric water. First, the ambient air is cooled below the dew point temperature, and second in which the moisture in atmospheric air is adsorbed/absorbed using desiccant materials. Conventional vapor compression, thermoelectric cooling, dew, and fog water harvesting based systems/technologies possess some limits in terms of energy requirements, less efficiency, and high cost. However, the adsorption based AWH technology is relatively cheaper, environment friendly, and can be operated by a low-grade thermal energy source. The limited availability of commercial instruments to harvest atmospheric water using adsorbents indicates a lack of fundamental studies. The fundamental research on water adsorption, adsorption kinetics, regeneration conditions, and water collecting surface designs has not gained as much interest as required in the field of atmospheric water harvesting. In this regard, this book chapter discusses and presents the progress in the field of adsorbent materials and system designs along with the future directions to accelerate the commercialization of this technology.

Download or read book Energy efficient anodic reactions for sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis written by Wenxian Liu and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2023-10-13 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall water splitting is considered as an effective technique for hydrogen (H2) production; however, it usually requires large operating voltage mainly due to the high equilibrium potential of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Replacing OER with energy-saving anode reactions not only reduces the operating voltage for H2 production but also generates high-value-added chemicals or purifies wastewater. This review article provides an overview of the fundamental reaction principles of overall water splitting and typical energy-saving alternative anode reactions, including methanol oxidation, hydrazine oxidation, and urea oxidation reactions. Then, the preparation methods, regulation strategies, and composition/structure-performance relations of advanced catalysts for these energy-efficient H2 generation technologies are discussed. Finally, we propose the underlying challenges and perspectives for this promising field.

Download or read book Multi stage Adsorption based Atmospheric Water Harvesting written by Alina Dale LaPotin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is the capture and collection of water that is present in the air either as vapor or small water droplets. Adsorption-based AWH uses adsorbent materials to collect water vapor from the air, the advantage being that the adsorbents can be regenerated by low-grade thermal sources, and condensation can occur at ambient temperatures. It has the potential to be more widely applicable to areas which are facing water scarcity because it can operate in areas with consistently low relative humidity (RH), where traditional approaches such as dewing and fog harvesting aren't feasible. Previous work in this area has demonstrated AWH driven by direct solar heating in low RH conditions (10 - 40%). However, water harvesting productivity, LMD (liters of water harvested per square meter solar receiver area per day), of these devices is limited by vapor transport in packed adsorbent layers, which severely limits adsorbent layer thickness. Additionally, the heat flux which must be rejected at the condenser is significant and consists of both heat conducted through the device and the latent heat of condensation. In this thesis, we present a new configuration for a solar-thermal adsorption-based AWH device which uses two stages (TS-AWH) to increase the LMD over single-stage devices. The TS-AWH device uses the latent heat of condensation from the top stage as well as a temperature gradient between the stages to drive desorption of the bottom stage. This configuration provides greater utilization of the solar energy received at the absorber, recycling of the latent heat, and takes full advantage of the temperature difference between the solar absorber and the condenser. We present our framework for modeling heat and mass transport in adsorbent layers and use this model to design layers which can be incorporated in AWH systems for passive operation on a daily cycle. We developed a model of the TS-AWH system which predicts that both layers can be desorbed under unconcentrated sunlight. We used AQSOA zeolites ZO1 and Z02 for the adsorbents and our characterizations showed that they exhibit favorable properties for AWH, including fast intracrystalline kinetics. Based on insight gained from parametric studies of the effect of geometric parameters on LMD, we built and tested a prototype using ZO1 in outdoor water harvesting experiments on the MIT roof, where we showed solar-driven regeneration using unconcentrated sunlight. We demonstrated the validity of the TS-AWH concept by achieving a higher LMD than the maximum performance of a single-stage device, showing the promise of using TS-AWH to increase the performance of solar-thermal adsorption-based AWH systems. Our device demonstrates progress towards scaling up solar-thermal AWHs, as we harvested 80x more water than our previous device under similar, unconcentrated solar flux conditions.

Download or read book Technology in Agriculture written by Fiaz Ahmad and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food security is one of the primary themes of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. In this regard, agricultural engineering is considered the backbone of agriculture, and agricultural mechanization is considered a helpful way to enhance crop yield and farmers’ profitability. Technology in Agriculture presents research in the field of agricultural engineering technologies and applications in agricultural equipment engineering, biosystem engineering, energy systems engineering, and computers in agriculture. It provides an overview of recent advancements in agricultural engineering and examines key aspects of emerging technologies and their applications. In addition, the book explores modern methodologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning for agricultural mechanization.

Download or read book Coping with Water Scarcity written by Luis Santos Pereira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-22 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main problems confronting the world of the 21st Century is a shortage of water. There is already severe scarcity in many regions of the world, causing tremendous problems for local populations and indeed entire societies. There is insufficient water available for the production of food to alleviate poverty and starvation; the lack of water hampers industrial, urban and tourism development, forcing restrictions on other sectors, especially agriculture; health problems arise as the deterioration of ground and surface waters favours water-borne diseases, which flourish in the absence of decent water distribution and sewerage systems. Water conflicts still arise in areas under stress, while water for nature has become a vanishing priority in such zones. This book is a guide to the establishment of regional and/or local guidelines for developing and implementing new ideas for coping with water scarcity. The basic premise underlying the book is that water scarcity will persist, so personal, human and society-wide skills will be needed to cope with it while living in harmony with the necessary environmental constraints. The book provides basic information to assist decision makers, water managers, engineers, agronomists, social scientists and other professions (and their students) in formulating coherent, hopefully harmonious and consolidated views on the issue. Guidelines are also given for introducing the general public to the concept of water scarcity and how to deal with it.

Download or read book Design and Optimization of Adsorption Systems for Automotive Climate Control written by Cody L. Jacobucci and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption systems have a wide range of applications that sit at the forefront of challenges presented by climate change, spanning direct air carbon capture, to atmospheric water harvesting, to thermal energy storage. Decades of research and development have led to the optimization of adsorption materials to customize them for a specific application by tailoring their affinity for particular molecules, among other properties. The rapid discovery and development of new metal organic frameworks (MOF), a class of materials that prove to be more customizable than more traditional adsorbents such as zeolites and silica gel, offer promise for sorption systems to be further enhanced. However, the practical design of these systems for climate control and atmospheric water harvesting has yet to be perfected. Adsorption systems need to balance many factors to be successful for a given objective, weighing the kinetics of a given process against the device mass and volume for a variety of operational conditions. This thesis aims to elucidate design principles and optimization guidelines to facilitate the design and analysis of future sorption systems that are general enough to grow with the field as material and manufacturing capabilities expand. In this work, we describe the theoretical model used to design and optimize a waste heat driven air conditioning system for an internal combustion engine vehicle. The proposed device has a tube and fin architecture, where each fin has copper foam brazed to it to serve as a porous, conductive scaffold for the deposition of AQSOA Z02. The device will use the waste heat from the engine coolant at 90°C for desorption, and produce 1.5 kW cooling power over a 400 second cycle. The proposed design met all of the specifications proposed by Ford for automotive air conditioning systems, marking a significant milestone for the deployment of adsorption-based cooling for portable cooling applications. The design optimization process is repeated to produce a 1:10 scale prototype delivering an average cooling power of 150 W, which is currently under fabrication. In order to validate our model, we conducted a series of adsorbent coating characterizations in a custom adsorption bed simulator. We found good agreement with the model for traditional immersion drying fabrication techniques. We also propose a new boiling assisted channel templating (BACT) method to facilitate better vapor transport through the coatings to increase the potential cooling power via enhanced adsorption kinetics, reduce material waste, and decrease required fabrication time. This resulted in a performance of a specific cooling power of 1875 W/kg Z02 for a 120 second cycle- a record high number for Z02 under these operating conditions. Preliminary analysis suggests it would enable a system level specific cooling power of 375 W/kg of the entire adsorbent bed, compared to our previously proposed design with a specific cooling power of 200 W/kg. In the final chapter, we will review the lessons learned from this work and describe the next steps that we think are essential in translating adsorption technology out of the lab and into real devices for adsorption driven cooling. We also provide recommendations as to how this framework can easily be applied to other adsorption systems, such as atmospheric water harvesting, and next steps for enhancing the performance of BACT samples.

Download or read book Dew Water written by Daniel Beysens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s ever-increasing need for fresh water has led to the use of non-conventional sources such as rain and fog water collection. Although rain water collection is relatively simple, the supply is often erratic. Passive fog water collection has been used in several parts of the world but is only relevant to certain geographical locations. Dew occurrence, however, is far more widespread, can form in most climates and geographic settings, show high frequency and prevalence throughout the year. During the past 20 years, dew collection has therefore been investigated as a serious supplemental source of fresh water. Dew Water offers a thorough review of dew, its formation characteristics and potential for dew collection, for audiences that include policy-makers, non-governmental organizations involved in development aid and sustainable development, engineers, urban planners, researchers and students.After providing a background on atmospheric water, humid air, and sky and materials emissivity, the book deals with dew formation and its estimation with a focus on the use of meteorological data. Dew measurement techniques are reviewed and discussed as well as dew collection by passive means. Computational fluid dynamics technique is described for better design of dew collectors. Dew quality (chemistry, biology) is assessed in view of potable water quality. Costs and economic aspects are also considered.

Download or read book Introduction to Reticular Chemistry written by Omar M. Yaghi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to the chemistry and design principles behind important metal-organic frameworks and related porous materials Reticular chemistry has been applied to synthesize new classes of porous materials that are successfully used for myraid applications in areas such as gas separation, catalysis, energy, and electronics. Introduction to Reticular Chemistry gives an unique overview of the principles of the chemistry behind metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Written by one of the pioneers in the field, this book covers all important aspects of reticular chemistry, including design and synthesis, properties and characterization, as well as current and future applications Designed to be an accessible resource, the book is written in an easy-to-understand style. It includes an extensive bibliography, and offers figures and videos of crystal structures that are available as an electronic supplement. Introduction to Reticular Chemistry: -Describes the underlying principles and design elements for the synthesis of important metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and related materials -Discusses both real-life and future applications in various fields, such as clean energy and water adsorption -Offers all graphic material on a companion website -Provides first-hand knowledge by Omar Yaghi, one of the pioneers in the field, and his team. Aimed at graduate students in chemistry, structural chemists, inorganic chemists, organic chemists, catalytic chemists, and others, Introduction to Reticular Chemistry is a groundbreaking book that explores the chemistry principles and applications of MOFs, COFs, and ZIFs.

Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces written by Hans-Jürgen Butt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of surface and interface science, focusing on essential concepts rather than specific details, and on intuitive understanding rather than convoluted math. Numerous high-end applications from surface technology, biotechnology, and microelectronics are included to illustrate and help readers easily comprehend basic concepts. The new edition contains an increased number of problems with detailed, worked solutions, making it ideal as a self-study resource. In topic coverage, the highly qualified authors take a balanced approach, discussing advanced interface phenomena in detail while remaining comprehensible. Chapter summaries with the most important equations, facts, and phenomena are included to aid the reader in information retention. A few of the sample topics included in Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces are as follows: Liquid surfaces, covering microscopic picture of a liquid surface, surface tension, the equation of Young and Laplace, and curved liquid surfaces Thermodynamics of interfaces, covering surface excess, internal energy and Helmholtz energy, equilibrium conditions, and interfacial excess energies Charged interfaces and the electric double layer, covering planar surfaces, the Grahame equation, and limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory Surface forces, covering Van der Waals forces between molecules, macroscopic calculations, the Derjaguin approximation, and disjoining pressure Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces is a complete reference on the subject, aimed at advanced students (and their instructors) in physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering. Researchers requiring background knowledge on surface and interface science will also benefit from the accessible yet in-depth coverage of the text.

Download or read book Low temperature Technologies written by Tatiana Morosuk and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature technologies include the area of refrigeration and cryogenics. Since the beginning of theoretical developments and practical application, these technologies become a part of our life. Low temperatures have found application in almost all branches of industries as well as in households. These systems can be of very small capacity (few watts) up to hundreds of megawatts. In order to develop any of the technologies for successful practical application, very intensive theoretical and experimental research should be conducted. This book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the latest developments, perspectives, and feasibility of new low-temperature technologies and improvements of existing systems, equipment, and evaluation methods.

Download or read book Metal Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts written by Francesc X. Llabrés i Xamena and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the latest research and discovery in the use of MOFs in catalysis, highlighting the extent to which these materials have been embraced by the community.

Download or read book Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes Photovoltaics and Wind written by John A. Duffie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bible of solar engineering that translates solar energy theory to practice, revised and updated The updated Fifth Edition of Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Photovoltaics and Wind contains the fundamentals of solar energy and explains how we get energy from the sun. The authors—noted experts on the topic—provide an introduction to the technologies that harvest, store, and deliver solar energy, such as photovoltaics, solar heaters, and cells. The book also explores the applications of solar technologies and shows how they are applied in various sectors of the marketplace. The revised Fifth Edition offers guidance for using two key engineering software applications, Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and System Advisor Model (SAM). These applications aid in solving complex equations quickly and help with performing long-term or annual simulations. The new edition includes all-new examples, performance data, and photos of current solar energy applications. In addition, the chapter on concentrating solar power is updated and expanded. The practice problems in the Appendix are also updated, and instructors have access to an updated print Solutions Manual. This important book: • Covers all aspects of solar engineering from basic theory to the design of solar technology • Offers in-depth guidance and demonstrations of Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and System Advisor Model (SAM) software • Contains all-new examples, performance data, and photos of solar energy systems today • Includes updated simulation problems and a solutions manual for instructors Written for students and practicing professionals in power and energy industries as well as those in research and government labs, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Fifth Edition continues to be the leading solar engineering text and reference.

Download or read book Adsorption and Its Applications in Industry and Environmental Protection Applications in environmental protection written by A. Dąbrowski and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardbound. Volume II contains chapters written by authoritative specialists on the broad spectrum of environmental topics in order to find a way for intense anthropogenic activities to coexist with the natural environment. The book highlights a wide spectrum of themes referring to the environmental analysis and control and molecular modelling of both sorbents and adsorption environmentally-friendly processes. Also covered are new trends in applications of colloidal science for protecting soil systems, purification and production of drinking water, water and groundwater treatment, new environmental adsorbents for removal of pollutants from wastewaters and sewages, selective sorbents for hot combustion gases, some corrosion aspects and ecological adsorption of heating and cooling pumps.The volume concludes with a comprehensive bibliography, which includes the period 1967-1997, on adsorptive separations, environmental applications, PSA, parametric pumping

Download or read book Biosorption of Heavy Metals written by Bohumil Volesky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-08-15 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art volume represents the first comprehensively written book which focuses on the new field of biosorption. This fascinating work conveys essential fundamental information and outlines the perspectives of biosorption. It summarizes the metal-sorbing properties of nonliving bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass, plus highlights relevant metal-binding mechanisms. This volume also discusses the aspects of obtaining and processing microbial biomass and metal-chelating chemicals into industrially applicable biosorbent products. Microbiologists, chemists, and engineers with an interest in new technological and scientific horizons will find this reference indispensable.