Download or read book Reasonable Cause for Reparations for Descendants of African Slaves written by George Rainey. Jr. and published by Nubian Pageant Systems, Inc.. This book was released on 2022-04-09 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. What were the two-legal slavery periods in America? 2. When was the 1st Freedom document issued for the [overground] White Slave Survivors in the Virginia Colony? 3. When was the 2nd Freedom document issued for the [underground] White Slave Survivors in the United States? 4. Why were White Slave Survivors [of the Virginia Colony] paid Reparations, but not African Slave Survivors (13th Amendment)? 5. Are you familiar with what the "Jim Crow Laws" were? 6. Why does the issuance of Reparations to the White Slave Survivors represent a legal precedent (Case Law)? 7.Who was the historian that described the White Slave Virginia Colony as it "…was ruled during that period by laws written in blood; and repeatedly suffered an extremity of distress too horrible to be described?" 8. Out of the 5-consecutive time-periods associated with the Legal System of Indentured Servitude, when and how long did the 1st period last? 9. Why was "Martial Laws" used during the 1st 12 years of the Virginia Colony, 1607 to 1619 AD? 10. What was the documented message in 1624 AD from the White Slave Survivors of the Virginia Colony to us, the later generations? 11. Are you familiar with the inventions that African Americans contributed towards the United States since 1790 AD?
Download or read book From Here to Equality Second Edition written by William A. Darity Jr. and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racism and discrimination have choked economic opportunity for African Americans at nearly every turn. At several historic moments, the trajectory of racial inequality could have been altered dramatically. But neither Reconstruction nor the New Deal nor the civil rights struggle led to an economically just and fair nation. Today, systematic inequality persists in the form of housing discrimination, unequal education, police brutality, mass incarceration, employment discrimination, and massive wealth and opportunity gaps. Economic data indicates that for every dollar the average white household holds in wealth the average black household possesses a mere ten cents. This compelling and sharply argued book addresses economic injustices head-on and make the most comprehensive case to date for economic reparations for U.S. descendants of slavery. Using innovative methods that link monetary values to historical wrongs, William Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen assess the literal and figurative costs of justice denied in the 155 years since the end of the Civil War and offer a detailed roadmap for an effective reparations program, including a substantial payment to each documented U.S. black descendant of slavery. This new edition features a new foreword addressing the latest developments on the local, state, and federal level and considering current prospects for a comprehensive reparations program.
Download or read book Know Your Price written by Andre M. Perry and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deliberate devaluation of Blacks and their communities has had very real, far-reaching, and negative economic and social effects. An enduring white supremacist myth claims brutal conditions in Black communities are mainly the result of Black people's collective choices and moral failings. “That's just how they are” or “there's really no excuse”: we've all heard those not so subtle digs. But there is nothing wrong with Black people that ending racism can't solve. We haven't known how much the country will gain by properly valuing homes and businesses, family structures, voters, and school districts in Black neighborhoods. And we need to know. Noted educator, journalist, and scholar Andre Perry takes readers on a tour of six Black-majority cities whose assets and strengths are undervalued. Perry begins in his hometown of Wilkinsburg, a small city east of Pittsburgh that, unlike its much larger neighbor, is struggling and failing to attract new jobs and industry. Bringing his own personal story of growing up in Black-majority Wilkinsburg, Perry also spotlights five others where he has deep connections: Detroit, Birmingham, New Orleans, Atlanta, and Washington, D.C. He provides an intimate look at the assets that should be of greater value to residents—and that can be if they demand it. Perry provides a new means of determining the value of Black communities. Rejecting policies shaped by flawed perspectives of the past and present, it gives fresh insights on the historical effects of racism and provides a new value paradigm to limit them in the future. Know Your Price demonstrates the worth of Black people's intrinsic personal strengths, real property, and traditional institutions. These assets are a means of empowerment and, as Perry argues in this provocative and very personal book, are what we need to know and understand to build Black prosperity.
Download or read book Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade written by Ana Lucia Araujo and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slavery and the Atlantic slave trade are among the most heinous crimes against humanity committed in the modern era. Yet, to this day no former slave society in the Americas has paid reparations to former slaves or their descendants. Ana Lucia Araujo shows that these calls for reparations have persevered over a long and difficult history. She traces the ways in which enslaved and freed individuals have conceptualized the idea of reparations since the 18th century in petitions, correspondence, pamphlets, public speeches, slave narratives, and judicial claims. Taking the reader through the era of slavery, emancipation, post-abolition, and the present day and drawing on the voices of various of enslaved peoples and their descendants, the book illuminates the multiple dimensions of the demands of reparations. This new edition boasts a new chapter on the global impact of the Black Lives Matter movement, the seismic effect of the killing of George Floyd, calls for university reparations and the dismantling of statues. Updated throughout, this edition includes primary sources, further readings, and many illustrations.
Download or read book Sick from Freedom written by Jim Downs and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bondspeople who fled from slavery during and after the Civil War did not expect that their flight toward freedom would lead to sickness, disease, suffering, and death. But the war produced the largest biological crisis of the nineteenth century, and as historian Jim Downs reveals in this groundbreaking volume, it had deadly consequences for hundreds of thousands of freed people. In Sick from Freedom, Downs recovers the untold story of one of the bitterest ironies in American history--that the emancipation of the slaves, seen as one of the great turning points in U.S. history, had devastating consequences for innumerable freed people. Drawing on massive new research into the records of the Medical Division of the Freedmen's Bureau-a nascent national health system that cared for more than one million freed slaves-he shows how the collapse of the plantation economy released a plague of lethal diseases. With emancipation, African Americans seized the chance to move, migrating as never before. But in their journey to freedom, they also encountered yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, dysentery, malnutrition, and exposure. To address this crisis, the Medical Division hired more than 120 physicians, establishing some forty underfinanced and understaffed hospitals scattered throughout the South, largely in response to medical emergencies. Downs shows that the goal of the Medical Division was to promote a healthy workforce, an aim which often excluded a wide range of freedpeople, including women, the elderly, the physically disabled, and children. Downs concludes by tracing how the Reconstruction policy was then implemented in the American West, where it was disastrously applied to Native Americans. The widespread medical calamity sparked by emancipation is an overlooked episode of the Civil War and its aftermath, poignantly revealed in Sick from Freedom.
Download or read book The Debt written by Randall Robinson and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both an unflinching indictment of past wrongs and an impassioned call to America to educate its citizens about the history of Africa and its people, The Debt says in no uncertain terms what white America owes blacks—and what blacks owe themselves. In this powerful and controversial book, distinguished African-American political leader and thinker Randall Robinson argues for the restoration of the rich history that slavery and segregation severed. Drawing from research and personal experience, he shows that only by reclaiming their lost past and proud heritage can blacks lay the foundation for their future. And white Americans can begin making reparations for slavery and the century of racial discrimination that followed with monetary restitution, educational programs, and the kinds of equal opportunities that will ensure the social and economic success of all citizens. “Engaging...Robinson continues an important conversation...His anecdotes support his attempts to reclaim African American heritage and empower African Americans.”—The Washington Post
Download or read book Uncivil Wars written by David Horowitz and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this well researched and carefully argued book, Horowitz traces the origins of the reparations movement and its implications for American education and culture.
Download or read book The Case for Black Reparations written by Boris Bittker and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2003-05-15 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The groundbreaking first book on black reparations, essential reading for the twenty-first century Originally published in 1972, Boris Bittker's riveting study of America's debt to African-Americans was well ahead of its time. Published by Toni Morrison when she was an editor, the book came from an unlikely source: Bittker was a white professor of law at Yale University who had long been ambivalent about the idea of reparations. Through his research into the history and theory of reparations-namely the development and enforcement of lawsdesigned to compensate groups for injustices imposed on them-he found that it wasn't a'crazy, far-fetched idea.' In fact, beginning with post-Civil War demands for forty acres and a mule, African-American thinkers have long made the case that compensatory measures are justified not only for the injury of slavery but for the further setbacks of almost a century of Jim Crow laws and forced school and job segregation, measures that effectively blocked African-Americans from enjoying the privledges of citizenship. The publication of important recent books by black scholars like Randall Robinson and the growth of a highly vocal reparations movement in the beginning of this century make this book, long unavailable, essential reading. Bittker carefully illuminates the historical provisions and statutes for legitimate claims to reparations, the national and international precedents for such claims, and most important, the obstacles to a national policy of reparations.
Download or read book Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States written by Michael T. Martin and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-16 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exceptional resource, this comprehensive reader brings together primary and secondary documents related to efforts to redress historical wrongs against African Americans. These varied efforts are often grouped together under the rubric “reparations movement,” and they are united in their goal of “repairing” the injustices that have followed from the long history of slavery and Jim Crow. Yet, as this collection reveals, there is a broad range of opinions as to the form that repair might take. Some advocates of redress call for apologies; others for official acknowledgment of wrongdoing; and still others for more tangible reparations: monetary compensation, government investment in disenfranchised communities, the restitution of lost property and rights, and repatriation. Written by activists and scholars of law, political science, African American studies, philosophy, economics, and history, the twenty-six essays include both previously published articles and pieces written specifically for this volume. Essays theorize the historical and legal bases of claims for redress; examine the history, strengths, and limitations of the reparations movement; and explore its relation to human rights and social justice movements in the United States and abroad. Other essays evaluate the movement’s primary strategies: legislation, litigation, and mobilization. While all of the contributors support the campaign for redress in one way or another, some of them engage with arguments against reparations. Among the fifty-three primary documents included in the volume are federal, state, and municipal acts and resolutions; declarations and statements from organizations including the Black Panther Party and the NAACP; legal briefs and opinions; and findings and directives related to the provision of redress, from the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 to the mandate for the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States is a thorough assessment of the past, present, and future of the modern reparations movement. Contributors. Richard F. America, Sam Anderson, Martha Biondi, Boris L. Bittker, James Bolner, Roy L. Brooks, Michael K. Brown, Robert S. Browne, Martin Carnoy, Chiquita Collins, J. Angelo Corlett, Elliott Currie, William A. Darity, Jr., Adrienne Davis, Michael C. Dawson, Troy Duster, Dania Frank, Robert Fullinwider, Charles P. Henry, Gerald C. Horne, Robert Johnson, Jr., Robin D. G. Kelley, Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie, Theodore Kornweibel, Jr., David Lyons, Michael T. Martin, Douglas S. Massey , Muntu Matsimela , C. J. Munford, Yusuf Nuruddin, Charles J. Ogletree Jr., Melvin L. Oliver, David B. Oppenheimer, Rovana Popoff, Thomas M. Shapiro, Marjorie M. Shultz, Alan Singer, David Wellman, David R. Williams, Eric K. Yamamoto, Marilyn Yaquinto
Download or read book Corrective Justice written by Ernest J. Weinrib and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private law governs our most pervasive relationships with other people: the wrongs we do to one another, the property we own and exclude from others' use, the contracts we make and break, and the benefits realized at another's expense that we cannot justly retain. The major rules of private law are well known, but how they are organized, explained, and justified is a matter of fierce debate by lawyers, economists, and philosophers. Ernest Weinrib made a seminal contribution to the understanding of private law with his first book, The Idea of Private Law. In it, he argued that there is a special morality intrinsic to private law: the morality of corrective justice. By understanding the nature of corrective justice we understand the purpose of private law - which is simply to be private law. In this book Weinrib takes up and develops his account of corrective justice, its nature, and its role in understanding the law. He begins by setting out the conceptual components of corrective justice, drawing a model of a moral relationship between two equals and the rights and duties that exist between them. He then explains the significance of corrective justice for various legal contexts: for the grounds of liability in negligence, contract, and unjust enrichment; for the relationship between right and remedy; for legal education; for the comparative understanding of private law; and for the compatibility of corrective justice with state support for the poor. Combining legal and philosophical analysis, Corrective Justice integrates a concrete and wide-ranging treatment of legal doctrine with a unitary and comprehensive set of theoretical ideas. Alongside the revised edition of The Idea of Private Law, it is essential reading for all academics, lawyers, and students engaged in understanding the foundations of private law.
Download or read book My Face Is Black Is True written by Mary Frances Berry and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2006-10-10 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acclaimed historian Mary Frances Berry resurrects the remarkable story of ex-slave Callie House who, seventy years before the civil-rights movement, demanded reparations for ex-slaves. A widowed Nashville washerwoman and mother of five, House (1861-1928) went on to fight for African American pensions based on those offered to Union soldiers, brilliantly targeting $68 million in taxes on seized rebel cotton and demanding it as repayment for centuries of unpaid labor. Here is the fascinating story of a forgotten civil rights crusader: a woman who emerges as a courageous pioneering activist, a forerunner of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.
Download or read book IN DENIAL WHITE SLAVERY IN THE VIRGINIA COLONY 1607 TO 1619 AD REASONABLE CAUSE FOR REPARATIONS FOR DESCENDANTS OF AFRICAN SLAVES written by George Rainey, Jr. and published by Nubian Pageant Systems, Inc.. This book was released on 2021-01-22 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HEAR YE, HEAR YE, HEAR YE !!! From all Rooftops & Skyscrapers around the world: I hold these truths to be self-evident that all the Virginia Colonial Records I read (London Court Records & the Virginia Company of London) were used to reflect the hard facts exposed in the eBooks “Indentured Servitude Unchained” and "Novemberteenth / Aprilteenth" to the best of my abilities for expression, and this paper is its supplement. Whereas, this document serves as the approval from Our Billions of Celestial Ancestors who came before Us to make these earth-shaking announcements to the World. Whereas, the Expose' of these hidden facts is America's "Worst kept Secret" for 400 years. Whereas, the Virginia Colonial Court and Company (Virginia Company of London) Records validate the authenticity of these events/documents for: •Documenting the 1st 12-year period of the Virginia Colony, 1607 to 1619 AD, and the next 4 years, 1620 to 1624. •Understanding why and how the idea of a System for Indentured Servitude was conceived and officially installed in the Virginia Colony that commenced in 1619 AD; and •Understanding who the intended Indentured Servant really was during this 1st 12-year period. Whereas, other Professionals have measured and assessed such authentic evidence and I rendered their conclusions to the facts reflected in this research paper/eBook: “In Denial: White Slavery in the Virginia Colony, 1607 to 1619 + Reasonable Cause for Reparations for Descendants of African Slaves;” Whereas, within this 1st 12-year period there comprised only White (European) Slaves of not more than 2,000 colonists. Whereas, based upon these noted Records, You (especially our Younger Generations), now, are Highly Justified to CLAIM that the majority years of the 1st 12-period of the Virginia Colony indulged itself with the practice of Slavery upon its inhabitants using harsh measures, Nine-Consecutive Years of Slavery while Three-Years were consumed with Consistent Starvation. Whereas, the Survivors' Testimonial Document of 1624 AD is archived in the Colonial Records of Virginia and set forth herein this paper. Whereas, the Survivors' Freedom Document dated November 1618 (Emancipation Proclamation if you will), officially called "Instructions to George Yeardley," declared absolute freedom to all the Survivors (roughly 400 inhabitants) has been hidden from the history books of American Public Education for over 400 years this past November 2018; this document was delivered to the Survivors of this Slave Colony in April 1619 AD. Whereas, it be known that the next 4 years, 1620 to 1624 AD, authenticated the beginning of a structured Institution/System for Indentured Servitude, distribution of acreage [Reparations], and why and how the Virginia Company of London was dissolved. Whereas, false narratives were promoted about the Virginia Colony and King James censored the Virginia Company of London Records. Whereas, the continued denial of Reparations to Descendants of African Slaves has hit the mark of 156 years to date. Whereas, the eBooks “Indentured Servitude Unchained” and “Novemberteenth / Aprilteenth” and/or this research paper contains separately almost 90 questions for one to use for assignments to pursue the answers contained; and Whereas, a Script for a Screenplay has been prepared for a movie/film of this 1st 12-year period of the Virginia Colony with a sneak preview of its timeline contained in this research paper. Now, Therefore, I, George Rainey, Jr. (Elder) do proclaim the aforementioned statements of the authenticity of factual events/documents stand, henceforth, certified because such facts were retrieved from the Colonial Records of Virginia.
Download or read book Injustice and the Reproduction of History written by Alasia Nuti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develops a new account of historical injustice and redress, demonstrating why a consideration of history is crucial for gender equality.
Download or read book Novemberteenth Aprilteenth II written by George Rainey, Jr. and published by Nubian Pageant Systems, Inc.. This book was released on 2022-12-04 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hear Ye, Hear Ye, Hear Ye!!! In this 5th eBook/Book, considered NPS’s most significant (magnum opus) manuscript, I hold the set forth “truths to be self-evident that all” the Virginia Colonial Records I read (London Court Records & the Virginia Company of London) were used to reflect the hard facts exposed in the previous four (4) eBooks/Books to the best of my abilities for expression, and this research paper is its supplement which now makes this 10 year research project the product of a ‘5 eBook/Book Series’. Whereas, this document serves as the approval, again, from Our Billions of Celestial Ancestors who came before Us to make these earth-shaking announcements to the World. Whereas, the Expose' of these hidden facts is America's "Worst kept Secret" for over 400 years. Whereas, the Virginia Colonial Court and Company (Virginia Company of London) Records validate the authenticity of these events/documents for: 1) Documenting the 1st 12-year period of the Virginia Colony, 1607 to 1619 AD. 2) Now, based upon these noted Records, You (especially our Younger Generations) are Highly Justified to CLAIM that the majority years of this 1st 12-period of the Virginia Colony indulged itself in a period of sanctioned Institutional slavery (nine-consecutive years) upon its inhabitants using harsh measures, while the three previous years comprised a period of consistent starvation; and 3) From this research project, why and how this 1st 12 years embodied such conditions of slavery and starvation. Whereas, NPS has been granted, in October 2022, the U.S. Registered Tradename (Service Mark) “Novemberteenth / Aprilteenth” to fulfill the following ‘Goods and Services’: “Providing…publications in the nature of e-books and books in the field of education associated with the end of White Slavery in the Virginia Colony, November 18, 1618 AD and/or April 19, 1619 AD.” Whereas, another Historian measured and assessed such authentic evidence and I rendered his conclusions to this Book “Novemberteenth / Aprilteenth II;” Whereas, within this 1st 12-year period there comprised only White (European) Slaves of not more than 2,000 colonists. Whereas, the Survivors' Testimonial Document of 1624 AD is archived in the Colonial Records of Virginia and set forth herein this paper, and contained in it a shocking suggestion for the later generations, Us, to use: the application of the notion of Censure to determine whether their 12-year treatment in the Virginia Colony was ‘run morally and properly’. Whereas, the Survivors' Freedom Document dated November 18, 1618 (Emancipation Proclamation if you will), officially called "Instructions to George Yeardley," declared absolute freedom to all the Survivors (roughly 400 inhabitants) has been hidden from the history books of American Public Education for over 400 years this past November 2022; this document was delivered to the Survivors of this Slave Colony in April 19, 1619 AD. Whereas, it be known that the year 1619 AD, authenticated the beginning of a structured Institution/System for Indentured Servitude, and distribution of acreage ([Reparations] case law); and Whereas, a Script for a Screenplay has been prepared for a movie/film of this 1st 12-year period of the Virginia Colony with a sneak preview of its timeline contained in this research paper. Now, Therefore, I, George Rainey, Jr. (Elder) do proclaim the statements of authenticity of factual events/documents stand, henceforth, certified because such facts were retrieved from the Colonial Records of Virginia.
Download or read book Reconsidering Reparations written by Olúfhemi O. Táíwò and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Christopher Columbus' voyage changed the world forever because the era of racial slavery and colonialism that it started built the world in the first place. The irreversible environmental damage of history's first planet-sized political and economic system is responsible for our present climate crisis. Reparations calls for us to make the world over again: this time, justly. The project of reparations and racial justice in the 21st century must take climate justice head on. The book develops arguments about the role of racial capitalism in global politics, addresses other views of reparations, and summarizes perspectives on environmental racism"--
Download or read book Africa written by Richard Dowden and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a lifetime's close observation of the continent, one of the world's finest Africa correspondents has penned a landmark book on life and death in modern Africa. It takes a guide as observant, experienced, and patient as Richard Dowden to reveal its truths. Dowden combines a novelist's gift for atmosphere with the scholar's grasp of historical change as he spins tales of cults and commerce in Senegal and traditional spirituality in Sierra Leone; analyzes the impact of oil and the internet on Nigeria and aid on Sudan; and examines what has gone so badly wrong in Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Congo. Dowden's master work is an attempt to explain why Africa is the way it is, and enables its readers to see and understand this miraculous continent as a place of inspiration and tremendous humanity.
Download or read book Britain s Black Debt written by Hilary Beckles and published by University of the West Indies Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-nineteenth-century abolition of slavery, the call for reparations for the crime of African enslavement and native genocide has been growing. In the Caribbean, grassroots and official voices now constitute a regional reparations movement. While it remains a fractured, contentious and divisive call, it generates considerable public interest, especially within sections of the community that are concerned with issues of social justice, equity, civil and human rights, education, and cultural identity. The reparations discourse has been shaped by the voices from these fields as they seek to build a future upon the settlement of historical crimes. This is the first scholarly work that looks comprehensively at the reparations discussion in the Caribbean. Written by a leading economic historian of the region, a seasoned activist in the wider movement for social justice and advocacy of historical truth, Britain's Black Debt looks at the origins and development of reparations as a regional and international process. Weaving detailed historical data on Caribbean slavery and the transatlantic slave trade together with legal principles and the politics of postcolonialism, Beckles sets out a solid academic analysis of the evidence. He concludes that Britain has a case of reparations to answer which the Caribbean should litigate. International law provides that chattel slavery as practised by Britain was a crime against humanity. Slavery was invested in by the royal family, the government, the established church, most elite families, and large public institutions in the private and public sector. Citing the legal principles of unjust and criminal enrichment, the author presents a compelling argument for Britain's payment of its black debt, a debt that it continues to deny in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary. It is at once an exciting narration of Britain's dominance of the slave markets that enriched the economy and a seminal conceptual journey into the hidden politics and public posturing of leaders on both sides of the Atlantic. No work of this kind has ever been attempted. No author has had the diversity of historical research skills, national and international political involvement, and personal engagement as an activist to present such a complex yet accessible work of scholarship.
