Download or read book Rayleigh Scattering from Leaves written by Li-jen Du and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Rayleigh region leaf model, consisting of a layer of uniformly distributed and randomly oriented leaves, is developed as a first approximation of a jungle environment. Such a model is appropriate for clutter calculations and for estimating the constitutive parameters of the medium. In this report, emphasis is focused on the latter application. Explicit expressions for the scattered field and the absorption and scattering cross sections of a single leaf are developed. From these results, the effective dielectric constant and conductivity of a layer of uniformly distributed and randomly oriented leaves are derived. Numerical calculations of these parameters for a frequency range from 30 to 300 MHz, leaf water contents from 10 to 50 per cent, and leaf volume concentrations from 0.03 to 0.1 per cent are made. (Author).
Download or read book Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy written by James Pawley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-04 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once the second edition was safely off to the printer, the 110 larger world of micro-CT and micro-MRI and the smaller world authors breathed a sigh of relief and relaxed, secure in the belief revealed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. that they would “never have to do that again. ” That lasted for 10 To round out the story we even have a chapter on what PowerPoint years. When we ?nally awoke, it seemed that a lot had happened. does to the results, and the annotated bibliography has been In particular, people were trying to use the Handbook as a text- updated and extended. book even though it lacked the practical chapters needed. There As with the previous editions, the editor enjoyed a tremendous had been tremendous progress in lasers and ?ber-optics and in our amount of good will and cooperation from the 124 authors understanding of the mechanisms underlying photobleaching and involved. Both I, and the light microscopy community in general, phototoxicity. It was time for a new book. I contacted “the usual owe them all a great debt of gratitude. On a more personal note, I suspects” and almost all agreed as long as the deadline was still a would like to thank Kathy Lyons and her associates at Springer for year away.
Download or read book Leaf Optical Properties written by Stéphane Jacquemoud and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents state-of-the-art research into leaf interactions with light, for scientists working in remote sensing, plant physiology, ecology and resource management.
Download or read book Polarized Light and Polarization Vision in Animal Sciences written by Gábor Horváth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers advances made since the 2004 Springer volume “Polarized Light in Animal Vision” edited by Horvath and Varju, but also provides reviews and synopses of some areas. Part I examines polarization sensitivity across many animal taxa including vertebrates and invertebrates and details both terrestrial and aquatic life. Part II is devoted to the description of polarized light in nature and explores how the physics of light must be taken into account when understanding how polarized light is detected by the visual system. This includes underwater polarization due to scattering; polarization patterns reflected from freshwater bodies; polarization characteristics of forest canopies; normal and anomalous polarization patterns of the skies; skylight polarization transmitted through Snell’s window and both linearly and circularly polarized signals produced by terrestrial and aquatic animals. This Part also examines polarized “light pollution” induced by anthropogenic factors such as reflection off asphalt surfaces, glass panes, car bodies, and other man-made structures that are now known to form ecological traps for polarotactic insects. Part III surveys some of the practical applications of polarization vision including polarization-based traps for biting insects, ground-based polarimetric cloud detectors and an historical examination of the navigational abilities of Viking seafarers using the sky polarization compass. The deterrent qualities of ungulate pelage to polarization-sensitive biting insects is also examined in this section.
Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews Biology of the Plant Cuticle written by Markus Riederer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 23 A much clearer picture is now emerging of the fine structure of the plant cuticle and its surface, the composition of cuticular waxes and the biosynthetic pathways leading to them. Studies assessing the impact of UV radiation on plant life have emphasized the role of the cuticle and underlying epidermis as optical filters for solar radiation. The field concerned with the diffusive transport of lipophilic organic non-electrolytes across the plant cuticle has reached a state of maturity. A new paradigm has recently been proposed for the diffusion of polar compounds and water across the cuticle. In the context of plant ecophysiology, cuticular transpiration can now be placed in the perspective of whole-leaf water relations. New and unexpected roles have been assigned to the cuticle in plant development and pollen-stigma interactions. Finally, much progress has been made in understanding the cuticle as a specific and extraordinary substrate for the interactions of the plant with microorganisms, fungi and insects. This volume details the major developments of recent years in this important interdisciplinary area. It is directed at researchers and professionals in plant biochemistry, plant physiology, plant ecology, phytopathology and environmental microbiology, in both the academic and industrial sectors.
Download or read book Spectroscopic Measurement written by Mark A. Linne and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-10 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to novel research on the application of bio-degradable biofilms in the packaging industry of food, starch is one of the most promising and promising sources. Starch-Based Nanomaterials for Food Packaging: Perspectives and Future Prospectus presents the properties and sources of starch- based nanomaterials, its perspectives, safety aspects, applications, and future trends. The chapters cover nanostructured materials, polysaccharide based bionanocomposites, starch based nanofibers, starch nanostructured based for food packaging application. Besides bringing nano gold imprinted starch bio nanocomposites, cereal starch-based nanoparticles, and edible packaging reinforced with starch-based nanomaterials. This is a complete resource to the food industrialists who deal directly with food packaging and fruit and vegetable preservation. - Presents measurement techniques in a concise treatment that other available literature lacks to explain - Provides the audience with engineering analogues written by an engineer to explain basic physics to engineers - Includes many new and useful graphics in the margins and boxes with supplementary material to immensely facilitate learning
Download or read book Atomic and Nuclear Analytical Methods written by Hem Raj Verma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compares and offers a comprehensive overview of nine analytical techniques important in material science and many other branches of science. All these methods are already well adapted to applications in diverse fields such as medical, environmental studies, archaeology, and materials science. This clearly presented reference describes and compares the principles of the methods and the various source and detector types.
Download or read book Microwave Radiometry of Vegetation Canopies written by Alexander A. Chukhlantsev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-18 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capability of the microwave radiometric method to determine soil moisture and vegetation biometric indices was revealed a quarter of a century ago by the author and many of his colleagues. In light of many research projects since then, the main objective of this book is to render a systematic account of questions concerning the microwave radiometry of the Earth’s surface in the presence of vegetation canopies.
Download or read book Physical Chemistry written by Kurt W. Kolasinski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-07 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of chemistry is motivated by asking 'How'? How do I make a primary alcohol? React a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde. Physical chemistry is motivated by asking 'Why'? The Grignard reagent and formaldehyde follow a molecular dance known as a reaction mechanism in which stronger bonds are made at the expense of weaker bonds. If you are interested in asking 'why' and not just 'how', then you need to understand physical chemistry. Physical Chemistry: How Chemistry Works takes a fresh approach to teaching in physical chemistry. This modern textbook is designed to excite and engage undergraduate chemistry students and prepare them for how they will employ physical chemistry in real life. The student-friendly approach and practical, contemporary examples facilitate an understanding of the physical chemical aspects of any system, allowing students of inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry and biochemistry to be fluent in the essentials of physical chemistry in order to understand synthesis, intermolecular interactions and materials properties. For students who are deeply interested in the subject of physical chemistry, the textbook facilitates further study by connecting them to the frontiers of research. Provides students with the physical and mathematical machinery to understand the physical chemical aspects of any system. Integrates regular examples drawn from the literature, from contemporary issues and research, to engage students with relevant and illustrative details. Important topics are introduced and returned to in later chapters: key concepts are reinforced and discussed in more depth as students acquire more tools. Chapters begin with a preview of important concepts and conclude with a summary of important equations. Each chapter includes worked examples and exercises: discussion questions, simple equation manipulation questions, and problem-solving exercises. Accompanied by supplementary online material: worked examples for students and a solutions manual for instructors. Fifteen supporting videos from the author presenting such topics as Entropy & Direction of Change; Rate Laws; Sequestration; Electrochemistry; etc. Written by an experienced instructor, researcher and author in physical chemistry, with a voice and perspective that is pedagogical and engaging.
Download or read book Quantum Mechanics in a Nutshell written by Gerald D. Mahan and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-29 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the fundamentals as well as many special topics of current interest, this is the most concise, up-to-date, and accessible graduate-level textbook on quantum mechanics available. Written by Gerald Mahan, a distinguished research physicist and author of an acclaimed textbook on many-particle physics, Quantum Mechanics in a Nutshell is the distillation of many years' teaching experience. Emphasizing the use of quantum mechanics to describe actual quantum systems such as atoms and solids, and rich with interesting applications, the book proceeds from solving for the properties of a single particle in potential; to solving for two particles (the helium atom); to addressing many-particle systems. Applications include electron gas, magnetism, and Bose-Einstein Condensation; examples are carefully chosen and worked; and each chapter has numerous homework problems, many of them original. Quantum Mechanics in a Nutshell expertly addresses traditional and modern topics, including perturbation theory, WKBJ, variational methods, angular momentum, the Dirac equation, many-particle wave functions, Casimir Force, and Bell's Theorem. And it treats many topics--such as the interactions between photons and electrons, scattering theory, and density functional theory--in exceptional depth. A valuable addition to the teaching literature, Quantum Mechanics in a Nutshell is ideally suited for a two-semester course. The most concise, up-to-date, and accessible graduate textbook on the subject Contains the ideal amount of material for a two-semester course Focuses on the description of actual quantum systems, including a range of applications Covers traditional topics, as well as those at the frontiers of research Treats in unprecedented detail topics such as photon-electron interaction, scattering theory, and density functional theory Includes numerous homework problems at the end of each chapter
Download or read book Astrophysics of Life written by Mario Livio and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrobiology is one of the hottest areas of current research, reflecting not only impressive advances in the understanding of the origin of life but also the discovery of over 100 extrasolar planets in recent years. This volume is based on a meeting held in 2002 at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which aimed to lay the astrophysical groundwork for locating habitable places in the Universe. Written by leading scientists in the field, it covers a range of topics relevant to the search for life in the Universe, including: cosmology and its implications for the emergence of life, the habitable zone in the Milky Way Galaxy, the formation of stars and planets, the study of interstellar and interplanetary matter, searches for extrasolar planets, the synthesis of organic material in space, and spectroscopic signatures that could be used to detect life. This is an invaluable resource for both professional researchers and graduate students.
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Download or read book From Laboratory Spectroscopy to Remotely Sensed Spectra of Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Ranjan S. Muttiah and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-10-31 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing of the environment is covered through spectroscopic analysis of soil and vegetation response during active and passive sensing. Fundamental aspects of spectroscopic methods for environmental applications are given. Applications range from remote sensing of saline soils, soil moisture detection, landscape evolution, weed detection, fluorescence imaging, and use of vegetation indices to measure ecosystem variables such as plant stress.
Download or read book Light and Plant Responses written by T. H. Attridge and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the ways in which plants detect, interpret and respond to the natural light environment.
Download or read book The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands written by J. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solar radiant energy is in fact the only source of energy for the basic physical processes taking place in the atmosphere and on the earth's surface. When passing through the atmosphere and being reflected by the ground surface, solar radiation undergoes changes and conversions. Some of it is absorbed in the atmosphere and converted into other forms of energy, mainly into heat, and some is scattered by gases, by dust and by water vapour. Because of absorption and scattering in the atmosphere, solar radiation is changed by the time it reaches the earth's surface. That part of it which arrives as a beam of parallel rays is referred to as direct solar radiation, and that which is scattered in the atmosphere and reaches the earth's surface from all directions of the sky is called diffuse solar radiation. Both of them are reflected back into the atmosphere when they reach the earth's surface, and this third type of radiation is defined as reflected radiation. All of these radiations differ from solar radiation arriving at the upper level of the atmosphere in intensity as well as in spectral composition although they all fall within the spectral region of solar radiation. In atmospheric physics these types of radiation are known as short-wave radiation (SWR) as distinguished from long-wave or irifrared radiation (L WR) emitted by the atmosphere and the earth's surface.
Download or read book Environmental Plant Physiology written by Neil Willey and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Plant Physiology focuses on the physiology of plant-environment interactions, revealing plants as the key terrestrial intersection of the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere. It provides a contemporary understanding of the topic by focusing on some of humankind's fundamental biological, agricultural and environmental challenges. Its chapters identify thirteen key environmental variables, grouping them into resources, stressors and pollutants, and leading the reader through how they challenge plants and how plants respond at molecular, physiological, whole plant and ecological levels. The importance of taking account of spatial and temporal dimensions of environmental change in order to understand plant function is emphasised. The book uses a mixture of ecological, environmental and agricultural examples throughout in order to provide a holistic view of the topic suitable for a contemporary student audience. Each chapter uses a novel stress response hierarchy to integrate plant responses across spatial and temporal scales in an easily digestible framework.
Download or read book NDA NA National Defence Academy Naval Academy Entrance Examination Solved Paper 2023 2015 written by Team Prabhat and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2023-06-17 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question paper on General Knowledge will broadly cover the subjects : Physics, Chemistry, General Science, Social Studies, Geography and Current Events. - The syllabus given below is designed to indicate the scope of these subjects included in this paper. The topics mentioned are not to be regarded as exhaustive and questions on topics of similar nature not specifically mentioned in the syllabus may also be asked. Candidate’s answers are expected to show their knowledge and intelligent understanding of the subject.
