Download or read book Rationing Can Backfire written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rationing Can Backfire written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Mexico City, a ban restricting each car from driving on a specified work-day actually increased total driving and congestion. In November 1989, Mexico City's administration imposed a regulation banning each car from driving on a specific day of the week. The regulation has been both popular and controversial. Some feel that it is a reasonable concession aimed to alleviate congestion and pollution problems. Others feel it is both inefficient and unfair: Inefficient in the way most rationing systems are inefficient, and unfair in that it is costly to some and easily avoided or accommodated by others.Some feel that it may be so inefficient that it is counterproductive. And Eskeland and Feyzioglu found evidence to support that view. Many households bought an additional car to get additional driving permits, and the amount of driving increased. Greater use of old cars and increased weekend driving may have contributed to the disappointing results of Mexico's one-day ban on driving: High welfare costs and none of the intended benefits.This paper - a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze environmental policies and was initiated in conjunction with operational support to the Infrastructure Division, Country Department II, Latin America and the Caribbean. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Pollution and the Choice of Policy Instruments in Developing Countries (RPO 676-48).
Download or read book Controlling Automobile Air Pollution written by Virginia McConnell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes many of the most influential and interesting academic articles related to the economics of mobile source pollution control. The papers included explore why vehicles and vehicle markets are unique, provide estimates of the type and magnitude of the social costs of driving and examine estimation methods and estimates of the various elasticities of vehicle demand. Analysis of the social costs and policies to reduce both traditional air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions are included. Selected articles review the range of evaluation of both regulatory and market-based approaches to controlling emissions. The complexity of the effects of different policies are emphasized and the unintended consequences of regulation are explored in the context of vehicle emissions reduction policies.
Download or read book Journal of Applied Operational Research written by Kaveh Sheibani and published by ORLAB Analytics. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are pleased to welcome readers to this issue of the Journal of Applied Operational Research (JAOR), Volume 10, Number 1. The journal reports on developments in all aspects of operational research, including the latest advances and applications. It is a primarily goal of the journal to focus on and publish practical case studies which illustrate real-life applications.
Download or read book Health on the Move 3 the Reviews written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-29 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health on the Move 3: the Reviews, Volume 13 covers this important field of interdisciplinary study. As part of the Transport and Health Science Group's process of updating Health on the Move 2 it has commissioned a number of in-depth reviews of various aspects of the field. This new release includes chapters such as T&H, inequalities, social exclusion, etc., What are the impacts of disability on travel?, What interventions increase active travel?, Impact of active commuting to school on children's health: an overview of systematic reviews, How important is travel mode in determining injury and fatality rates related to travel?, and more.Other chapters in this new release include What are the impacts of area-wide 20mph [30kph] speed limits?, What policies are effective in reducing congestion?, What are the economic and social impacts of public transport and how do these relate to health?, Health outcomes of public transport: a systematic review, Transport and Loneliness, Costs of transport and mental health and wellbeing, and What contribution does each of the factors affecting gender differences in travel patterns make? - Provides high quality, fully peer-reviewed, literature reviews on topics in Transport and Health - Includes self-contained chapters for readers with specific interests - Links transport and public health disciplines by providing up-to-date evidence on a range of topics and potential interventions
Download or read book City Economics written by Brendan O'Flaherty and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-30 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory but innovative textbook on the economics of cities is aimed at students of urban and regional policy as well as of undergraduate economics. It deals with standard topics, including automobiles, mass transit, pollution, housing, and education but it also discusses non-standard topics such as segregation, water supply, sewers, garbage, fire prevention, housing codes, homelessness, crime, illicit drugs, and economic development. Its methods of analysis are primarily verbal, geometric, and arithmetic. The author achieves coherence by showing how the analysis of various topics reinforces one another. Thus, buses can tell us something about schools and optimal tolls about land prices. Brendan O'Flaherty looks at almost everything through the lens of Pareto optimality and potential Pareto optimality--how policies affect people and their well-being, not abstract entities such as cities or the economy or growth or the environment. Such traditionalism leads to radical questions, however: Should cities have police and fire departments? Should tax preferences for home ownership be repealed? Should public schools charge for their services? O'Flaherty also gives serious consideration to such heterodox policies as pay-at-the-pump auto insurance, curb rights for buses, land taxes, marginal cost water pricing, and sidewalk zoning.
Download or read book City and Environment written by Boone and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2007-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Challenge of Urban Government written by Mila Freire and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities and towns are vital for the development of economic systems and social organisations. However, cities face tremendous challenges. They have to simultaneously attract business, provide a good livelihood for their inhabitants, generate enough resources to finance infrastructure and social needs, and take care of their poor. The Challenge of Urban Government: Policies and Practices looks at the consequences of globalisation on city management. This book focuses on the complex of issues generated in urban areas, such as the dynamics of metropolitan spaces, and the need to define strategic territory for operational and policy purposes. Some urgent challenges include how to handle spillovers across municipalities and the need to create a new city structure over an existing city to give the suburbs some elements of centrality. It examines the dynamics of governance and how to get stakeholders' participation in the government process.
Download or read book Humanizing Cities Through Car Free City Development and Transformation written by Doheim, Rahma M. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-06-05 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The heavy dependency on private cars has shaped the design of cities. While offering fast, comfortable, and convenient commutes, cars have become the most popular method of transportation, but are also a health crisis due to the toxic emissions they release into the atmosphere as well as the high death toll from traffic accidents. For these reasons, there is a need to minimize the use of cars within cities in favor of greener and humanized urban design that would improve the quality of life and reduce the global threat of climate change. Humanizing Cities Through Car-Free City Development and Transformation is an essential publication that explores the concepts of car-free cities and city humanization as possible solutions to reduce the deteriorating effect on the environment and the community. The publication discusses the urban initiative to implement pedestrianization and humanization of cities and public spaces to promote the concept of car-free living. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics including city humanization, smart mobility, and urban policies, this book is ideally designed for urban planners, environmentalists, government officials, policymakers, architects, transportation authorities, researchers, academicians, and students.
Download or read book Liquidity Banks and Markets written by Douglas Warren Diamond and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Have Transport Costs Contributed to the Relative Decline of African Exports written by Azita Amjadi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electricity Demand in Asia and the Effects on Energy Supply and the Investment Environment written by Masayasu Ishiguro and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Passenger Transport written by Mark Heil and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1998 A policy considered in isolation may be ineffective because of the countervailing impact of other factors. And the success of a policy may itself lead to perverse incentives. Thus it is important to design complementary policies that support the original goal. Controlling air pollution from urban transport requires attention to land use planning, transport needs and modes, and air quality. Air quality is declining in urban areas, in part because of the rapid motorization of societies worldwide. To combat the problem, various pollution control strategies have been used or proposed for urban passenger transport. Heil and Pargal develop a simple framework to analyze these strategies. The virtue of this framework is its simplicity and its separation of factors. The authors examine the point of impact of different policy levers and categorize different instruments in a way that should help policymakers choose among them. The framework explicitly recognizes behavioral incentives, especially the fact that offsetting changes in consumer behavior can often undermine the original intent of particular policies. Among the findings: * Policies aimed at improving transport efficiency often improve air quality at the same time. * But supply-side policies to relieve traffic congestion sometimes conflict with supply-side measures to control air pollution. Improvements in roads and traffic, for example, may increase private motorized traffic conditions, making it difficult to assess the net effect of the improvements on air pollution. * There seems to be considerable scope for low-cost solutions to air quality problems associated with the transport sector. Inexpensive, low-technology solutions, such as establishing bus lanes or paving dirt roads, substantially improve both transport efficiency and air quality. * Behavioral change is difficult when viable transport alternatives are unavailable. A viable public transport system is essential to reduce transport-caused air pollution in densely populated areas. * Fuel and emission standards should become stricter over time. Standards should be gradually ratcheted up to give domestic auto industries the incentive to develop and adopt cleaner technology. This paper-a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study the impact of motorization on air pollution. Sheoli Pargal may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Environmental Policy in North America written by Robert G. Healy and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2014-01-20 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive analysis of key issues in North American environmental policy provides an overview of how the US, Mexico, and Canada differ in their environmental management approaches and capacity levels, and how these differences play into cross-border cooperation on environmental problems. The book offers insights into transboundary cooperation both before and after NAFTA, and presents a framework for making environmental interaction more effective in the future. The book is organized into two parts. The first, more general, section compares the national contexts for environmental management in each country—including economic conditions, sociocultural dynamics, and political decision-making frameworks— and shows how these have led to variations in policy approaches and levels of capacity. The authors argue that effective environmental governance in North America depends on the ability of transboundary institutions to address and mediate these differences. The book's second section illustrates this argument, using four case studies of environmental management in North America: biodiversity and protected areas, air pollution (smog); greenhouse gas reduction, and genetically modified crops.
Download or read book OECD Territorial Reviews Valle de M xico Mexico written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review finds that while Mexico has taken important steps in addressing the urban challenges in the Valle de México, Mexico’s largest metropolitan area, there is a need for major metropolitan governance reform.
Download or read book Housing finance in transition economies the early years in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union written by Bertrand Renaud and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book City and Environment written by Christopher Boone and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to urban environmental issues around the globe.
