Download or read book Rare Isotope Beams written by Alok Chakrabarti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare Isotope Beams (RIBs) are ion beams of exotic radioactive nuclei. The study of these nuclei is key to understanding the limits of nuclear existence, nucleo-synthesis in such violent stellar sites as supernovae and merging neutron stars, and the fundamental symmetries of nature. These nuclei also provide a unique probe to study condensed matter and many of them are potentially new radioisotopes for more effective medical diagnostics and therapy. Rare Isotope Beams: Concepts and Techniques gives an up-to-date overview of all these aspects of RIB science in a single volume containing the scientific motivation, production techniques, experimental techniques for studying exotic nuclei, methods used in condensed matter research, and medical applications. The emphasis throughout is on concepts to facilitate understanding of the essence of each topic in this diverse and cross-disciplinary field involving nuclear physics, astrophysics, and particle accelerators. A brief description of major RIB facilities is also presented. Exotic nuclei are difficult to produce in enough numbers and their production involves different nuclear reaction routes and a wide range of advanced technologies, which are presented in a comprehensive manner. Experimental techniques used to study exotic nuclei are provided with examples highlighting the intricate nature of such experiments. Another unique feature is the open-ended nature of the discussions, bringing out the future challenges and possibilities in this evolving field. The book offers an excellent overview of concepts and techniques involved in RIB science for new researchers entering the field as well as professionals.
Download or read book Rare Isotope Production written by Michal Mocko and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rare Isotopes in Cosmic Explosions and Accelerators on Earth written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare isotopes are nature's stepping stones to produce the heavy elements, and they are produced in large quantities in stellar explosions. Despite their fleeting existence, they shape the composition of the universe and the observable features of stellar explosions. The challenge for nuclear science is to produce and study the very same rare isotopes so as to understand the origin of the elements and a range of astronomical observations. I will review the progress that has been made to date in astronomy and nuclear physics, and the prospects of finally addressing many of the outstanding issues with the future Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), which DOE will build at Michigan State University.
Download or read book Rare Isotope Beams written by Alok Chakrabarti and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book "Rare Isotope Beams: Concepts and Techniques" gives an up to date overview of all these aspects of RIB science inside a single cover containing the scientific motivation, production techniques, experimental techniques for studying exotic nuclei, methods used in condensed matter research and medical applications"--
Download or read book Isotope Science Facility at Michigan State University written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This document describes the science motivation and technical plans for upgrading the rare isotope research capability at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) by replacing its Coupled Cyclotron Facility (CCF) with a more powerful facility [to be built on the campus of Michigan State University]--the Isotope Science Facility (ISF). The ISF will provide the nuclear science research community with significantly increased intensities and varieties of world-class beams of rare isotopes [that is, short-lived nuclei not normally found on Earth, that will will enable scientists to make discoveries about the properties of these rare isotopes in order to better understand the physics of nuclei, nuclear astrophysics, fundamental interactions, and applications for society.] It will take full advantage of the in-flight production technique's short beam development and fast isotope separation times and provide maximum flexibility to experimenters to choose the most appropriate approach to each problem."--From executive summary.
Download or read book ISAC and ARIEL The TRIUMF Radioactive Beam Facilities and the Scientific Program written by Jens Dilling and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The TRIUMF Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) facility uses the isotope separation on-line (ISOL) technique to produce rare-isotope beams (RIB). The ISOL system consists of a primary production beam, a target/ion source, a mass separator, and beam transport system. The rare isotopes produced during the interaction of the proton beam with the target nucleus are stopped in the bulk of the target material. They diffuse inside the target material matrix to the surface of the grain and then effuse to the ion source where they are ionized to form an ion beam that can be separated by mass and then guided to the experimental facilities. Previously published in the journal Hyperfine Interactions.
Download or read book Knocking on Heaven s Door written by Lisa Randall and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Science has a battle for hearts and minds on its hands….How good it feels to have Lisa Randall’s unusual blend of top flight science, clarity, and charm on our side.” —Richard Dawkins “Dazzling ideas….Read this book today to understand the science of tomorrow.” —Steven Pinker The bestselling author of Warped Passages, one of Time magazine’s “100 Most Influential People in the World,” and one of Esquire’s “75 Most Influential People of the 21st Century,” Lisa Randall gives us an exhilarating overview of the latest ideas in physics and offers a rousing defense of the role of science in our lives. Featuring fascinating insights into our scientific future born from the author’s provocative conversations with Nate Silver, David Chang, and Scott Derrickson, Knocking on Heaven’s Door is eminently readable, one of the most important popular science books of this or any year. It is a necessary volume for all who admire the work of Stephen Hawking, Michio Kaku, Brian Greene, Simon Singh, and Carl Sagan; for anyone curious about the workings and aims of the Large Hadron Collider, the biggest and most expensive machine ever built by mankind; for those who firmly believe in the importance of science and rational thought; and for anyone interested in how the Universe began…and how it might ultimately end.
Download or read book Isotopes for Medicine and the Life Sciences written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-01-27 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive isotopes and enriched stable isotopes are used widely in medicine, agriculture, industry, and science, where their application allows us to perform many tasks more accurately, more simply, less expensively, and more quickly than would otherwise be possible. Indeed, in many casesâ€"for example, biological tracersâ€"there is no alternative. In a stellar example of "technology transfer" that began before the term was popular, the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessors has supported the development and application of isotopes and their transfer to the private sector. The DOE is now at an important crossroads: Isotope production has suffered as support for DOE's laboratories has declined. In response to a DOE request, this book is an intensive examination of isotope production and availability, including the education and training of those who will be needed to sustain the flow of radioactive and stable materials from their sources to the laboratories and medical care facilities in which they are used. Chapters include an examination of enriched stable isotopes; reactor and accelerator-produced radionuclides; partnerships among industries, national laboratories, and universities; and national isotope policy.
Download or read book The Discovery of Isotopes written by Michael Thoennessen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the exciting discovery of every isotope observed on earth to date, which currently numbers some 3000. The discoveries are arranged in chapters according to the observation techniques or production methods. Each chapter contains tables listing the first authors of the first publication as well as details about the production and detection methods used. At the end, a comprehensive table lists all isotopes sorted by elements. The book is based on individual paragraphs for each isotope, which were published over the last few years as separate articles in the journal “Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables”. The work re-evaluates all prior assignments judging them with a uniform set of criteria. In addition, the author includes over 100 new isotopes which have been discovered since the articles published. This book is a source of information for researchers as well as enthusiastic laymen alike. From the prepublication review: “The explanations focus on the essentials, which makes the various chapters pleasingly compact. The phrasing is well understandable also for non-experts. This makes the book easy to read, even thrilling. I have to confess that parts of the manuscript I was even reading as an evening lecture in the bed, so exciting was the history of isotope discoveries.” Sigurd Hofmann, Helmholtz Professor at GSI Darmstadt, Germany, and a leading expert in superheavy nuclei
Download or read book Calculation of Rates for Radioactive Isotope Beam Production at TRIUMF written by Fatima H. Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to new and rare radioactive isotopes is imperative for establishing fundamental knowledge and for its application in nuclear science. Rare Isotope Beam (RIB) facilities around the world, such as TRIUMF, work towards development of new target materials to generate increasingly exotic species, which are used in nuclear medicine, astrophysics and fundamental physics studies. At Simon Fraser University and TRIUMF, a computer simulation of the RIB targets used at the Isotope Separation and ACceleration (ISAC) facility of TRIUMF was built, to compliment existing knowledge and to support new target material development. The simulation was built using the GEANT4 nuclear transport toolkit, and can simulate the production rate of isotopes from user-defined beam and target characteristics. The simulation models the bombardment of a production target by an incident high-energy particle beam and calculates isotope production rates via fission, fragmentation and spallation. In-target production rates from the simulation were analysed and compared to production mechanisms within the simulation environment, other nuclear transport algorithms and to the experimentally measured yield rates from the ISAC yield station. Additionally, preliminary studies were conducted using these in-target production rates as illustrative examples, showing the capabilities and power of the simulation.
Download or read book The Rare Isotope Accelerator RIA Facility Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The envisioned Rare-Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility would add substantially to research opportunities for nuclear physics and astrophysics by combining increased intensities with a greatly expanded variety of high-quality rare-isotope beams. A flexible superconducting driver linac would provide 100 kW, 400 MeV/nucleon beams of any stable isotope from hydrogen to uranium onto production targets. Combinations of projectile fragmentation, target fragmentation, fission, and spallation would produce the needed broad assortment of short-lived secondary beams. This paper describes the project's background, purpose, and status, the envisioned facility, and the key subsystem, the driver linac. RIA's scientific purposes are to advance current theoretical models, reveal new manifestations of nuclear behavior, and probe the limits of nuclear existence [3]. Figures 1 and 2 show, respectively, examples of RIA research opportunities and the yields projected for pursuing them. Figure 3 outlines a conceptual approach for delivering the needed beams.
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic progress has been made in all branches of physics since the National Research Council's 1986 decadal survey of the field. The Physics in a New Era series explores these advances and looks ahead to future goals. The series includes assessments of the major subfields and reports on several smaller subfields, and preparation has begun on an overview volume on the unity of physics, its relationships to other fields, and its contributions to national needs. Nuclear Physics is the latest volume of the series. The book describes current activity in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade.
Download or read book Rare Isotope Accelerator Project RIA written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rare Isotope Accelerator Project (RIA) is a project of the U.S. nuclear physics community to construct a facility dedicated to the production and subsequent acceleration of beams of short-lived nuclei. The scientific case, technical aspects, and a brief history are presented by the Physics Division of the Argonne National Laboratory.
Download or read book IGISOL written by Juha Äystö and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IGISOL group at the University of Jyväskyla studies the properties of nuclei far off the line of beta stability. These studies are performed locally at the Jyväskylä Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line (IGISOL) facility, as well as at a number of other laboratories such as the ISOLDE facility in CERN, at GANIL and in Helmholzzentrum GSI, the location of the future radioactive beam facility FAIR. The group is also actively involved in work to support the development of international future facilities EURISOL and aforementioned FAIR. This book presents carefully selected papers to portrait the work at IGISOL. Previously published in the journals Hyperfine Interactions and European Physical Journal A.
Download or read book Isotope Harvesting of Aqueous Phase Ions from Heavy ion Fragmentation Facilities for the Production of a 47ca 47sc Generator written by Emily Paige Abel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeted internal radiotherapy is a promising new treatment method for metastatic cancer. Several scandium isotopes, 43,44,47Sc, could serve as paired diagnostic and therapeutic (or "theranostic") isotopes for these diseases. While ideal production routes for diagnostic 43,44Sc have been found using small medical cyclotrons, research to find a sustainable production method for the therapeutic isotope 47Sc is ongoing. At the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) and in the future at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a supply of 47Ca, the parent of 47Sc, can be produced on a regular basis when the 48Ca primary beam is used. While the main function of this accelerated primary beam is to produce a user-specified secondary radioactive beam for nuclear physics experiments, > 90% of the accelerated primary beam goes unreacted and is collected in beam stops. When a beam blocker with a water interior is used, the 48Ca primary beam produces 47Ca as the most abundant fragment resulting from nuclear reactions in the beam blocker. This method of production termed "isotope harvesting", allows for the use of unreacted, accelerated beams for isotope production. In the future at FRIB, production of 47Ca through isotope harvesting is predicted to reach the TBq/day level when the 48Ca is in use. This supply of 47Ca will facility the production of 47Ca/47Sc generators for research quantities of 47Sc.Isotope harvesting methods for the generation of 47Sc, among other interesting products available through this production method, have been explored through several experiments at the NSCL and the Cyclotron Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. An isotope harvesting system has been developed to include a flowing-water target, components to condition and monitor the water, and components to collect radionuclidic products of interest. The durability of this system to irradiation conditions has been tested using a low intensity 40Ca irradiation and a high intensity proton irradiation. Through 48Ca irradiations at the NSCL, methods to collect and purify 47Ca have been tested and optimized. Using these methods, samples of 47Sc with high radionuclidic purity have been generated and used to radiolabel DTPA-TOC, a biologically active molecule used to target neuroendocrine tumors. This work has verified the feasibility of using isotope harvesting to generate 47Sc for nuclear medicine applications.
Download or read book The Euroschool Lectures on Physics With Exotic Beams Vol II written by J.S. Al-Khalili and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume in a series of lecture notes based on the highly s- cessful Euro Summer School on Exotic Beams that has been running yearly since 1993 (apart from 1999) and is planned to continue to do so. It is the aim of the School and these lecture notes to provide an introduction to - dioactive ion beam (RIB) physics at the level of graduate students and young postdocs starting out in the ?eld. Each volume will contain lectures covering a range of topics from nuclear theory to experiment to applications. Our understanding of atomic nuclei has undergone a major re-orientation over the past two decades and seen the emergence of an exciting ?eld of research: the study of exotic nuclei. The availability of energetic beams of short-lived nuclei, referred to as radioactive ion beams (RIBs), has opened the way to the study of the structure and dynamics of thousands of nuclear species never before observed in the laboratory. In its 2004 report “Persp- tives for Nuclear Physics Research in Europe in the Coming Decade and - yond”, the Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee (NuPECC) statesthatthe?eldofRIBphysicsisoneofthemostimportantdirectionsfor the future science programme in Europe. In 2005 it published its “Roadmap for Construction of Nuclear Physics Research Infrastructures in Europe”.
Download or read book The Elements A Very Short Introduction written by Philip Ball and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-08 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Very Short Introduction traces the history and cultural impact of the elements on humankind, and examines why people have long sought to identify the substances around them. Looking beyond the Periodic Table, the author takes the reader on an engaging and entertaining tour: from the Greek philosophers who propounded a system with four elements - earth, air, fire, and water - to the modern-day scientists who are able to create their own.
