Download or read book Multivariate Calibration written by Harald Martens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1992-08-07 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multivariate Calibration Harald Martens, Chemist, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Aas, Norway and Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway Tormod Næs, Statistician, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Aas, Norway The aim of this inter-disciplinary book is to present an up-to-date view of multivariate calibration of analytical instruments, for use in research, development and routine laboratory and process operation. The book is intended to show practitioners in chemistry and technology how to extract the quantitative and understandable information embedded in non-selective, overwhelming and apparently useless measurements by multivariate data analysis. Multivariate calibration is the process of learning how to combine data from several channels, in order to overcome selectivity problems, gain new insight and allow automatic outlier detection. Multivariate calibration is the basis for the present success of high-speed Near-Infrared (NIR) diffuse spectroscopy of intact samples. But the technique is very general: it has shown similar advantages in, for instance, UV, Vis, and IR spectrophotometry, (transmittance, reflectance and fluorescence), for x-ray diffraction, NMR, MS, thermal analysis, chromatography (GC, HPLC) and for electrophoresis and image analysis (tomography, microscopy), as well as other techniques. The book is written at two levels: the main level is structured as a tutorial on the practical use of multivariate calibration techniques. It is intended for university courses and self-study for chemists and technologists, giving one complete and versatile approach, based mainly on data compression methodology in self-modelling PLS regression, with considerations of experimental design, data pre-processing and model validation. A second, more methodological, level is intended for statisticians and specialists in chemometrics. It compares several alternative calibration methods, validation approaches and ways to optimize the models. The book also outlines some cognitive changes needed in analytical chemistry, and suggests ways to overcome some communication problems between statistics and chemistry and technology.

Download or read book Proximal Soil Sensing written by Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-25 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on developments in Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) and high resolution digital soil mapping. PSS has become a multidisciplinary area of study that aims to develop field-based techniques for collecting information on the soil from close by, or within, the soil. Amongst others, PSS involves the use of optical, geophysical, electrochemical, mathematical and statistical methods. This volume, suitable for undergraduate course material and postgraduate research, brings together ideas and examples from those developing and using proximal sensors and high resolution digital soil maps for applications such as precision agriculture, soil contamination, archaeology, peri-urban design and high land-value applications, where there is a particular need for high spatial resolution information. The book in particular covers soil sensor sampling, proximal soil sensor development and use, sensor calibrations, prediction methods for large data sets, applications of proximal soil sensing, and high-resolution digital soil mapping. Key themes: soil sensor sampling – soil sensor calibrations – spatial prediction methods – reflectance spectroscopy – electromagnetic induction and electrical resistivity – radar and gamma radiometrics – multi-sensor platforms – high resolution digital soil mapping - applications Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel is a scientist at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia. Alex McBratney is Pro-Dean and Professor of Soil Science in the Faculty of Agriculture Food & Natural Resources at the University of Sydney in Australia. Budiman Minasny is a Senior Research Fellow in the Faculty of Agriculture Food & Natural Resources at the University of Sydney in Australia.

Download or read book Soil Chemical Methods written by G. E. Rayment and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2011 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes over 200 laboratory and field chemical tests relevant to Australasia and beyond.

Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.

Download or read book Handbook of Soil Sciences Two Volume Set written by Pan Ming Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 2249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for co

Download or read book Soil and Environmental Chemistry written by William F. Bleam and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizes the problem-solving skills students will need when they enter their chosen field. This book discusses how other soil and environmental factors affect the soil chemical concepts. It features use of computer modeling for water and soil chemistry and exposure to the real problems and data that students will face in their careers.

Download or read book Predictive Soil Mapping with R written by Tomislav Hengl and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive Soil Mapping (PSM) is based on applying statistical and/or machine learning techniques to fit models for the purpose of producing spatial and/or spatiotemporal predictions of soil variables i.e. maps of soil properties and classes at different resolutions. It is a multidisciplinary field combining statistics, data science, soil science, physical geography, remote sensing, geoinformation science and a number of other sciences. Predictive Soil Mapping with R is about understanding the main concepts behind soil mapping, mastering R packages that can be used to produce high quality soil maps, and about optimizing all processes involved so that also the production costs can be reduced. The online version of the book is available at: https: //envirometrix.github.io/PredictiveSoilMapping/ Pull requests and general comments are welcome. These materials are based on technical tutorials initially developed by the ISRIC's Global Soil Information Facilities (GSIF) development team over the period 2014-2017

Download or read book Atlas of Infrared Spectroscopy of Clay Minerals and Their Admixtures written by H. W. van der Marel and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1976 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture written by Todd S. Rosenstock and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​​This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs, and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book, developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2 emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder systems.

Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy written by Barbara H. Stuart and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-08-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy for the first time, explaining the fundamental aspects of this technique, how to obtain a spectrum and how to analyse infrared data covering a wide range of applications. Includes instrumental and sampling techniques Covers biological and industrial applications Includes suitable questions and problems in each chapter to assist in the analysis and interpretation of representative infrared spectra Part of the ANTS (Analytical Techniques in the Sciences) Series.

Download or read book Near infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries written by Phil Williams and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil Spectral Inference with R written by Alexandre M.J.-C. Wadoux and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a didactic overview of techniques for inferring information from soil spectroscopic data, and the codes in the R programming language for performing such analyses. It is intended for students, researchers and practitioners looking to infer soil information from spectroscopic data, focusing mainly on, but not restricted to, the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Little prior knowledge of the R programming language or digital soil spectra is required. We work through the steps to process spectroscopic data systematically.

Download or read book Advanced Aspects of Spectroscopy written by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-08-29 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy is the study of absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation due to the interaction between matter and energy that energy depends on the specific wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. This field has proven invaluable research tool in a number of areas including chemistry, physics, biology, medicine and ecology. The spectroscopic field of research is growing day-by-day and scientists are exploring new areas in this field by introducing new techniques. The main purpose of this book is to highlight these new spectroscopic techniques like Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Low Energy Electron Loss Spectroscopy, Micro- to Macro-Raman Spectroscopy, Liquid-Immersion Raman Spectroscopy, High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, Injection and Optical Spectroscopy, and Nano Spectroscopy. This book is divided into five sections including General Spectroscopy, Advanced Spectroscopy, Nano Spectroscopy, Organic Spectroscopy, and Physical Spectroscopy which cover topics from basic to advanced levels which will provide a good source of learning for teaching and research purposes.

Download or read book Soil Organic Carbon written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication was launched at the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon (GSOC) held at FAO headquarters (Rome, 21-23 March 2017). It provides an overview to decision-makers and practitioners of the main scientific facts and information regarding the current knowledge and knowledge gaps on Soil Organic Carbon. It highlights how better information and good practices may be implemented to support ending hunger, adapting to and mitigating climate change and achieving overall sustainable development.

Download or read book Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates written by R. Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-09-28 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic concepts; Analytical methods; Secondary carbonates in soils of different regions.

Download or read book Fourier Transforms written by Goran Nikolic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New analytical strategies and techniques are necessary to meet requirements of modern technologies and new materials. In this sense, this book provides a thorough review of current analytical approaches, industrial practices, and strategies in Fourier transform application.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Soils written by Ravi Shankar Dwivedi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-19 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about applications of remote sensing techniques in the studies on soils. In pursuance of the objective, the book initially provides an introduction to various elements and concepts of remote sensing, and associated technologies , namely Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) in chapter-1. An overview of the sensors used to collect remote sensing data and important Earth observation missions is provided in chapter-2. The processing of satellite digital data (geometric and radiometric corrections, feature reduction, digital data fusion, image enhancements and analysis) is dealt with in Chapter-3. In the chapter to follow the interpretation of remote sensing data , very important and crucial step in d eriving information on natural resources including soils resources, is discussed. An introduction to soils as a natural body with respect to their formation, physical and chemical properties used during inventory of soils, and soil classification is given in Chapter-5.The spectral response patterns of soils including hyperspectral characteristics -fundamental to deriving information on soils from spectral measurements, and the techniques of soil resources mapping are discussed in chapter-6 and -7,respectively. Furthermore, the creation of digital soil resources database and the development of soil information systems, a very important aspect of storage and dissemination of digital soil data to the end users are discussed in ch.apter-8. Lastly, the applications of remote sensing techniques in soil moisture estimation and soil fertility evaluation are covered in chapter-9 and -10, respectively.