Download or read book Protocols for Oligonucleotide Conjugates written by Sudhir Agrawal and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 1993-11-30 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protocols for Oligonucleotides and Analogs written by Sudhir Agrawal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-08-31 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When first conceived, not only was the aim of Protocols for Oligo nucleotides and Analogs to provide wide coverage of the ohgonuc- otide chemistry field for readers who are well versed within the field, but also to give investigators just entering into the field a new perspective. The very first book on this topic was edited and published by Michael Gait in 1984, in whose laboratory I encountered the newer aspects of oligonucleotide chemistry. Since then, oligonucleotide research has developed to such an extent that its uses extend far beyond basic studies, and now find wide application throughout clinical science as well. Until recently, the major application of oligonucleotides has been in the area of DNA-based diagnostic and "antisense oligonucleotid- based therapeutic approaches. However, oligonucleotides are now also being used as therapeutic agents and are thus frequently found in clinical trials in humans. Synthesis of unmodified oligonucleotides using automated synthe sizers has become a common practice in numerous laboratories. How ever, improvements on the existing techniques and the introduction of ever newer methods for oligonucleotide synthesis is constantly driving ahead in the leading research laboratories. And several new oligonucle otide analogs have been synthesized and studied for their individual prop erties in recent years. The present volume strives to bring the readers the most up-to-date information on the newest aspects of synthesis of oligo nucleotides and their analogs. A separate volume covers synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates, along with most of the analytical techniques presently used for analysis of oligonucleotides.
Download or read book Oligonucleotide Synthesis written by Piet Herdewijn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of powerful new techniques for oligonucleotide synthesis and for the use of modified oligonucleotides in biotechnology. Among the protocol highlights are a novel two-step process that yields a high purity, less costly, DNA, the synthesis of phosphorothioates using new sulfur transfer agents, the synthesis of LNA, peptide conjugation methods to improve cellular delivery and cell-specific targeting, and triple helix formation. The applications include using molecular beacons to monitor the PCR amplification process, nuclease footprinting to study the sequence-selective binding of small molecules of DNA, nucleic acid libraries, and the use of small interference RNA (siRNA) as an inhibitor of gene expression.
Download or read book Bioconjugation Protocols written by Christof M. Niemeyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a number of outstanding volumes that provide a comprehensive overview of bioconjugation techniques. However, many of the conventional approaches to the synthesis of chemically modified protein conjugates lack efficient means to control the stoichiometry of conjugation, as well as the s- cific site of attachment of the conjugated moiety. Moreover, the recent dev- opments in microarray technologies as well as in nanobiotechnology—a novel field of research rapidly evolving at the crossroads of physics, chemistry, b- technology, and materials science—call for a summary of modern bioconjugation strategies to overcome the limitations of the classical approaches. Bioconjugation Protocols: Methods and Strategies is intended to provide an update of many of the classic techniques and also to introduce and summarize newer approaches that go beyond the pure biomedical applications of bioconjugation. The purpose of Bioconjugation Protocols: Methods and Str- egies is therefore to provide instruction and inspiration for all those scientists confronting the challenges of semisynthesizing functional biomolecular reagents for a wide variety of applications ranging from novel biomedical diagnostics, to therapeutics, to biomaterials. Part I contains seven protocols for the preparation of protein conjugates.
Download or read book Simple and Double Conjugates of Peptides and Oligonucleotides written by Jordi Agramunt Pi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "2,2-Disubstituted cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-diones (CPDs), which have been as non-hydrolysable maleimide analogs, have been found to possess an unexpected reactivity with N-terminal cysteines. Whilst maleimides react in an irreversible manner with all types of thiol nucleophiles, the Michael-type addition between CPDs and N-terminal cysteines, furnish a stable product with a mass 20 Da lower than the expected Michael-type adduct. This newly found reactivity can be applied for different purposes. In first instance, CPD-derivatized peptides can be used to synthesize conjugates by reaction with cystine-derivatized biomolecules such as peptides, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) or oligonucleotides. In addition, the combination of the CPD-Cys reaction with other "click" reactions has been explored. In the first instance, the CPD-Cys reaction was paired the thia-Michael addition of thiols to maleimides using peptides containing two cysteines (one at the N-terminus). By first performing a CPD-Cys reaction at the N-terminus and then the addition of a maleimide, double conjugation could be easily achieved. In another case, combinations with oxime ligation and copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne (CuAAC) cycloadditions have been accomplished with a different degree of success. In the latter case, the CPD-Cys reaction has to be strictly performed before the CuAAC. In a further examination why this was the case, it was found out that CPDs react with azides to furnish two stable compounds one is the product of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and the other results from nitrogen loss. Secondly, the bioconjugation of a splice-switching enhancing molecule known as "Retro-1" to an oligonucleotide with splice-switching activity described as 623 has been explored. In this part of the work, the complete synthesis of described Retro-1 has been accomplished in addition to that of other several analogues containing either a 1,3-diene, a thiol or a phosphoramidite group appending from two positions, nitrogen 4 or carbon 3. For this purpose, two synthetic strategies were followed one making use of valuable intermediates obtained from the Retro-1 synthesis and the other utilizing a properly protected lysine analogue to construct the Retro scaffold and introduce a reactive group at carbon 3. Additionally to all these reactants two oligonucleotides were synthesized: one with the 623 sequence and another with the same nucleobases but different order coined "scrambled". Both oligonucleotides were appended at the 5' position with a protected maleimide phosphoramidite (to obtain the corresponding maleimido-oligonucleotide and allow a Diels-Alder or thia-Michael addition to be performed) or the Retro-phosphoramidite. Finally, in this work the possibility of using 7-oxanorbornenes as dienophiles in the inverse electron-demanding Diels-Alder cycloaddition (IEDDA) with 3,6-disbustituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazines has been explored. The oxanorbornene moiety has been appended at the N-terminus and internal positions in peptides, and at the 5' and 3' positions of oligonucleotides utilizing solid-phase protocols. For the tetrazine counterpart optimization processes have been followed for the synthesis of N-terminal tetrazine peptides and for derivatization with biologically relevant molecules in reasonably good success. Once oxanorbornene- and tetrazine-containing derivatives were obtained it was observed that the IEDDA reaction took place satisfactorily, allowing for the synthesis of peptide and oligonucleotide conjugates with small molecules. In second term, the possibility of double conjugation involving at least one IEDDA reaction has been explored. The IEDDA has been combined with the Diels-Alder cycloaddition between a maleimide and a 1,3-diene, the thia-Michael between a thiol and a maleimide, the CPD-Cys reaction (utilizing CPDs and N-terminal cysteines as previously commented) and the aromatic nucleophilic substitution between a thiol and a chlorotetrazines. In every combination tested the double conjugate target compound was obtained, usually performing both reactions simultaneously, but sometimes in a "one-pot" fashion, with the sequential addition of reactants due to side reactions. In one case, it was necessary to isolate the intermediate monoconjugate because of difficulties related to undesired interferences between reactants." -- TDX.
Download or read book Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry written by Serge L. Beaucage and published by Current Protocols. This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good methods must be reliable, well-tested, and honed to minimize the time and expense required to achieve the desired results. CPNC provides a continuously growing and evolving set of protocols that allows researchers to benefit from the experience of other researchers around the world. The core manual provides a comprehensive set of protocols that have been compiled, revised, and streamlined over the last 6 years. Quarterly updates provide new protocols in emerging areas of research as well as continued advances and new applications for fundamental methods. The book is designed to grow and change with the field of nucleic acid chemistry. Fundamental nucleoside chemistry methods include sugar-base condensation, phosphorylation, and nucleoside protection. Methods for oligonucleotide synthesis include H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches, solid-phase and solution-phase synthesis, large-scale synthesis, synthesis for modified and unmodified oligonucleotides, conjugation of oligonucleotides, synthesis without base protection, and synthesis on microarrays. More specialized synthetic methods include synthesis of biologically active nucleosides and prodrugs. Purification and characterization methods are detailed. Advanced methods include biophysical analysis, combinatorial methods, and nanotechnology. Each protocol includes rationale for choosing appropriate methods, step-by-step procedures, complete recipes, anticipated results, characterization data, and troubleshooting, as well as background and recommended reading. The level of procedural detail is far beyond that found in the research literature, and tips and comments from authors are geared towards ensuring reliable duplication in the laboratory.
Download or read book Therapeutic Oligonucleotides written by John Goodchild and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-07-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of oligonucleotide therapeutics research is ripe with the prospect of new discoveries. In Therapeutic Oligonucleotides: Methods and Protocols, a selection of established and emerging methods for the application of oligonucleotides as therapeutics are presented, all providing the tools needed to inspire great changes in the field. Divided into twenty-one chapters, this detailed volume meticulously describes vital protocols for optimizing and improving cell uptake, such as photochemical internalization, modified cell penetrating peptides, antibody conjugates, and nanoparticles. Other chapters address quantitation of RNA therapeutics in cells, assaying gene knockdown, selecting the best target site and synthesis of various modified oligonucleotides. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Therapeutic Oligonucleotides: Methods and Protocols serves as a timely resource for both professionals and novices pursuing research in this exciting and pioneering field.
Download or read book Protocols for Oligonucleotide Conjugates written by Sudhir Agrawal and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 1993-11-30 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You will easily synthesize and analyze oligonucleotide conjugates by following the step-by-step protocols presented in this volume. These techniques are widely used by all molecular biologists and antisense researchers and find special application by pharmacologists working in new drug development and quality assurance assay.
Download or read book Protocols for Oligonucleotides and Analogs written by Sudhir Agrawal and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 1993-08-31 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When first conceived, not only was the aim of Protocols for Oligo nucleotides and Analogs to provide wide coverage of the ohgonuc- otide chemistry field for readers who are well versed within the field, but also to give investigators just entering into the field a new perspective. The very first book on this topic was edited and published by Michael Gait in 1984, in whose laboratory I encountered the newer aspects of oligonucleotide chemistry. Since then, oligonucleotide research has developed to such an extent that its uses extend far beyond basic studies, and now find wide application throughout clinical science as well. Until recently, the major application of oligonucleotides has been in the area of DNA-based diagnostic and "antisense oligonucleotid- based therapeutic approaches. However, oligonucleotides are now also being used as therapeutic agents and are thus frequently found in clinical trials in humans. Synthesis of unmodified oligonucleotides using automated synthe sizers has become a common practice in numerous laboratories. How ever, improvements on the existing techniques and the introduction of ever newer methods for oligonucleotide synthesis is constantly driving ahead in the leading research laboratories. And several new oligonucle otide analogs have been synthesized and studied for their individual prop erties in recent years. The present volume strives to bring the readers the most up-to-date information on the newest aspects of synthesis of oligo nucleotides and their analogs. A separate volume covers synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates, along with most of the analytical techniques presently used for analysis of oligonucleotides.
Download or read book Bioconjugate Techniques written by Greg T. Hermanson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioconjugate Techniques, 2nd Edition, is the essential guide to the modification and cross linking of biomolecules for use in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. It provides highly detailed information on the chemistry, reagent systems, and practical applications for creating labeled or conjugate molecules. It also describes dozens of reactions with details on hundreds of commercially available reagents and the use of these reagents for modifying or cross linking peptides and proteins, sugars and polysaccharides, nucleic acids and oligonucleotides, lipids, and synthetic polymers. A one-stop source for proven methods and protocols for synthesizing bioconjugates in the lab Step-by-step presentation makes the book an ideal source for researchers who are less familiar with the synthesis of bioconjugates More than 600 figures that visually describe the complex reactions associated with the synthesis of bioconjugates Includes entirely new chapters on the latest areas in the field of bioconjugation as follows: Microparticles and nanoparticlesSilane coupling agentsDendrimers and dendronsChemoselective ligationQuantum dotsLanthanide chelatesCyanine dyesDiscrete PEG compoundsBuckyballs,fullerenes, and carbon nanotubesMass tags and isotope tagsBioconjugation in the study of protein interactions
Download or read book Oligonucleotide Based Drugs and Therapeutics written by Nicolay Ferrari and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-06-06 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of contemporary antisense oligonucleotides drugs and therapeutic principles, methods, applications, and research Oligonucleotide-based drugs, in particular antisense oligonucleotides, are part of a growing number of pharmaceutical and biotech programs progressing to treat a wide range of indications including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, and respiratory diseases, as well as other severe and rare diseases. Reviewing fundamentals and offering guidelines for drug discovery and development, this book is a practical guide covering all key aspects of this increasingly popular area of pharmacology and biotech and pharma research, from the basic science behind antisense oligonucleotides chemistry, toxicology, manufacturing, to safety assessments, the design of therapeutic protocols, to clinical experience. Antisense oligonucleotides are single strands of DNA or RNA that are complementary to a chosen sequence. While the idea of antisense oligonucleotides to target single genes dates back to the 1970's, most advances have taken place in recent years. The increasing number of antisense oligonucleotide programs in clinical development is a testament to the progress and understanding of pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties as well as improvement in the delivery of oligonucleotides. This valuable book reviews the fundamentals of oligonucleotides, with a focus on antisense oligonucleotide drugs, and reports on the latest research underway worldwide. • Helps readers understand antisense molecules and their targets, biochemistry, and toxicity mechanisms, roles in disease, and applications for safety and therapeutics • Examines the principles, practices, and tools for scientists in both pre-clinical and clinical settings and how to apply them to antisense oligonucleotides • Provides guidelines for scientists in drug design and discovery to help improve efficiency, assessment, and the success of drug candidates • Includes interdisciplinary perspectives, from academia, industry, regulatory and from the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, biology, and medicinal chemistry Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics belongs on the reference shelves of chemists, pharmaceutical scientists, chemical biologists, toxicologists and other scientists working in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. It will also be a valuable resource for regulatory specialists and safety assessment professionals and an important reference for academic researchers and post-graduates interested in therapeutics, antisense therapy, and oligonucleotides.
Download or read book Oligonucleotide Based Therapies written by Olof Gissberg and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a collection of comprehensive, up-to-date, and broadly applicable guides to the research and development fields of oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics. Covering topics from the study of antisense and anti-gene effects to oligonucleotides in the context of drug discovery and development, the volume explores a wide-ranging and useful spectrum of methods and protocols needed to take full advantage of therapeutic applications involving ONs. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies: Methods and Protocols aims to be a great aid in the laboratory as well as an ideal reference guide when designing antisense and anti-gene oligonucleotides for therapeutic applications.
Download or read book Manual of Antisense Methodology written by Gunther Hartmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, antisense methodology has moved from in vitro studies to in vivo studies and first human trials. While the basic concept of antisense technology is simple, the methodological problems associated with its use are numerous and complex. Antisense- based methods have proven to be a field of research where careful attention to experimental protocols and appropriate controls is necessary. The Manual of Antisense Methodology emphasizes the application of antisense oligonucleotides, and is a guide for the identification of antisense and non-antisense effects in different experimental settings. The work is organized into three sections: antisense application in vitro, antisense application in vivo (animal models) and finally, clinical antisense studies. Where at all possible, the methods are described in sufficient detail to allow reproduction of a given experiment. The Manual of Antisense Methodology will be of interest to researchers in immunology, cancer research, pharmacology and internal medicine; and physicians conducting clinical studies in these fields.
Download or read book The Nucleic Acid Protocols Handbook written by Ralph Rapley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-29 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive treasury of all the key molecular biology methods-ranging from DNA extraction to gene localization in situ-needed to function effectively in the modern laboratory. Each of the 120 highly successful techniques follows the format of the much acclaimed Methods in Molecular BiologyOao series, providing an introduction to the scientific basis of each technique, a complete listing of all the necessary materials and reagents, and clear step-by-step instruction to permit error-free execution. Included for each technique are notes about pitfalls to avoid, troubleshooting tips, alternate methods, and explanations of the reasons for certain steps-all key elements contributing significantly to success or failure in the lab. The Nucleic Acid Protocols Handbook constitutes today's most comprehensive collection of all the key classic and cutting-edge techniques for the successful isolation, analysis, and manipulation of nucleic acids by both experienced researchers and those new to the field."
Download or read book Synthesis of Peptide oligonucleotide Conjugates written by Maxim Antopolsky and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Nucleic Acids Sequences to Molecular Medicine written by Volker A. Erdmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-13 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a half century of structural, biophysical and biochemical investigations of ribonucleic acids, they are still mysterious. RNAs stand at fertile crossroads of disciplines, integrating concepts from genomics, proteomics, dynamics as well as biochemistry and molecular biology. From 20 years it is clear, that genetic regulation of eukaryotic organisms has been misunderstood for the last years that the expression of genetic information is effected only by proteins. Basic understanding of nucleic acids has enhanced our foundation to probe novel biological functions. This is especially evident for RNA molecules whose functionality, maturation, and regulation require formation of correct secondary structure through encoded base-pairing interactions.
Download or read book The Protein Protocols Handbook written by John M. Walker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-12 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Protein Protocols Handbook, I have attempted to provide a cross-section of analytical techniques commonly used for proteins and peptides, thus providing a benehtop manual and guide both for those who are new to the protein chemistry laboratory and for those more established workers who wish to use a technique for the first time. We each, of course, have our own favorite, commonly used gel system, g- staining method, blotting method, and so on; I'm sure you will find yours here. H- ever, I have also described a variety of altematives for many of these techniques; though they may not be superior to the methods you commonly use, they may nev- theless be more appropriate in a particular situation. Only by knowing the range of techniques that are available to you, and the strengths and limitations of these te- niques, will you be able to choose the method that best suits your purpose.
