Download or read book Predictable Programming on a Precision Timed Architecture written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a hard real-time embedded system, the time at which a result is computed is as important as the result itself. Modern processors go to extreme lengths to ensure their function is predictable, but have abandoned predictable timing in favor of average-case performance. Real-time operating systems provide timing-aware scheduling policies, but without precise worst-case execution time bounds they cannot provide guarantees. We describe an alternative in this paper: a SPARC-based processor with predictable timing and instruction-set extensions that provide precise timing control. Its pipeline executes multiple, independent hardware threads to avoid costly, unpredictable bypassing, and its exposed memory hierarchy provides predictable latency. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this precision-timed (PRET) architecture through example applications running in simulation.

Download or read book Time Predictable Architectures written by Christine Rochange and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-17 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building computers that can be used to design embedded real-time systems is the subject of this title. Real-time embedded software requires increasingly higher performances. The authors therefore consider processors that implement advanced mechanisms such as pipelining, out-of-order execution, branch prediction, cache memories, multi-threading, multicorearchitectures, etc. The authors of this book investigate the timepredictability of such schemes.

Download or read book Invasive Computing for Mapping Parallel Programs to Many Core Architectures written by Andreas Weichslgartner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of and essential insights on invasive computing. Pursuing a comprehensive approach, it addresses proper concepts, invasive language constructs, and the principles of invasive hardware. The main focus is on the important topic of how to map task-parallel applications to future multi-core architectures including 1,000 or more processor units. A special focus today is the question of how applications can be mapped onto such architectures while not only taking into account functional correctness, but also non-functional execution properties such as execution times and security properties. The book provides extensive experimental evaluations, investigating the benefits of applying invasive computing and hybrid application mapping to give guarantees on non-functional properties such as timing, energy, and security. The techniques in this book are presented in a step-by-step manner, supported by examples and figures. All proposed ideas for providing guarantees on performance, energy consumption, and security are enabled by using the concept of invasive computing and the exclusive usage of resources.

Download or read book Architecture of Computing Systems ARCS 2010 written by Christian Müller-Schloer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-17 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2010, held in Hannover, Germany, in February 2010. The 20 revised full papers presented together with 1 keynote lecture were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. This year's special focus is set on heterogeneous systems. The papers are organized in topical sections on processor design, embedded systems, organic computing and self-organization, processor design and transactional memory, energy management in distributed environments and ad-hoc grids, performance modeling and benchmarking, as well as accelerators and GPUs.

Download or read book On Chip Interconnect with aelite written by Andreas Hansson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive description and implementation methodology for the Philips/NXP Aethereal/aelite Network-on-Chip (NoC). The presentation offers a systems perspective, starting from the system requirements and deriving and describing the resulting hardware architectures, embedded software, and accompanying design flow. Readers get an in depth view of the interconnect requirements, not centered only on performance and scalability, but also the multi-faceted, application-driven requirements, in particular composability and predictability. The book shows how these qualitative requirements are implemented in a state-of-the-art on-chip interconnect, and presents the realistic, quantitative costs.

Download or read book Model Implementation Fidelity in Cyber Physical System Design written by Anca Molnos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts in focus various techniques for checking modeling fidelity of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), with respect to the physical world they represent. The authors' present modeling and analysis techniques representing different communities, from very different angles, discuss their possible interactions, and discuss the commonalities and differences between their practices. Coverage includes model driven development, resource-driven development, statistical analysis, proofs of simulator implementation, compiler construction, power/temperature modeling of digital devices, high-level performance analysis, and code/device certification. Several industrial contexts are covered, including modeling of computing and communication, proof architectures models and statistical based validation techniques.

Download or read book Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems written by Sunggu Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 7th IFIP Workshop on Software Technologies for Future Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems (SEUS) followed on the success of six previous editions in Capri, Italy (2008), Santorini, Greece (2007), Gyeongju, Korea (2006), Seattle, USA (2005), Vienna, Austria (2004), and Hokodate, Japan (2003), establishing SEUS as one of the emerging workshops in the ?eld of embedded and ubiq- tous systems. SEUS 2009 continued the tradition of fostering cross-community scienti?c excellence and establishing strong links between researchand industry. The ?elds of both embedded computing and ubiquitous systems have seen considerable growth over the past few years. Given the advances in these ?elds, and also those in the areas of distributed computing, sensor networks, midd- ware, etc. , the area of ubiquitous embedded computing is now being envisioned as the wayof the future. The systems and technologies that will arise in support of ubiquitous embedded computing will undoubtedly need to address a variety of issues, including dependability, real-time, human–computer interaction, - tonomy, resource constraints, etc. All of these requirements pose a challenge to the research community. The purpose of SEUS 2009 was to bring together - searchersand practitioners with an interest in advancing the state of the artand the state of practice in this emerging ?eld, with the hope of fostering new ideas, collaborations and technologies. SEUS 2009 would not have been possible without the e?ort of many people.

Download or read book Models Mindsets Meta The What the How and the Why Not written by Tiziana Margaria and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Festschrift volume is published in honor of Bernhard Steffen, Professor at the Technical University of Dortmund, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. His vision as well as his theoretical and practical work span the development and implementation of novel, specific algorithms, and the establishment of cross-community relationships with the effect to obtain simpler, yet more powerful solutions. He initiated many new lines of research through seminal papers that pioneered various fields, starting with the Concurrency Workbench, a model checking toolbox that significantly influenced the research and development of mode based high assurance systems worldwide. The contributions in this volume reflect the breadth and impact of his work. The introductory paper by the volume editors, the 23 full papers and two personal statements relate to Bernhard’s research and life. This volume, the talks and the entire B-Day at ISoLA 2018 are a tribute to the first 30 years of Bernhard’s passion, impact and vision for many facets of computer science in general and for formal methods in particular. Impact and vision include the many roles that formal methods-supported software development should play in education, in industry and in society.

Download or read book Domain Specific Languages written by Walid Mohamed Taha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-06 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dijkstra once wrote that computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes. Despite the many incredible advances in c- puter science from times that predate practical mechanical computing, there is still a myriad of fundamental questions in understanding the interface between computers and the rest of the world. Why is it still hard to mechanize many tasks that seem to be fundamentally routine, even as we see ever-increasing - pacity for raw mechanical computing? The disciplined study of domain-speci?c languages (DSLs) is an emerging area in computer science, and is one which has the potential to revolutionize the ?eld, and bring us closer to answering this question. DSLs are formalisms that have four general characteristics. – They relate to a well-de?ned domain of discourse, be it controlling tra?c lights or space ships. – They have well-de?ned notation, such as the ones that exist for prescribing music, dance routines, or strategy in a football game. – The informal or intuitive meaning of the notation is clear. This can easily be overlooked, especially since intuitive meaning can be expressed by many di?erent notations that may be received very di?erently by users. – The formal meaning is clear and mechanizable, as is, hopefully, the case for the instructions we give to our bank or to a merchant online.

Download or read book Precision Timed Machines written by Isaac Suyu Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation with physical processes. These systems must be equipped to handle the inherent concurrency and inexorable passage of time of physical processes. Traditional computing abstractions only concern themselves with the functional aspects of a program, and not its timing properties. Thus, nearly every abstraction layer has failed to incorporate time into its semantics; the passage of time is merely a consequence of the implementation. When the temporal properties of the system must be guaranteed, designers must reach beneath the abstraction layers. This not only increases the design complexity and effort, but the systems are overdesigned, brittle and extremely sensitive to change. In this work, we address the difficulties of handling time in computing systems by re- examining the lower levels of abstraction. In particular, we focus on the instruction set architecture (ISA) layer and its affects on microarchitecture design. The ISA defines the contract between software instructions and hardware implementations. Modern ISAs do not constrain timing properties of instructions as part of the contract. Thus, architecture designs have largely implemented techniques that improve average performance at the expense of execution time variability. This leads to imprecise WCET bounds that limit the timing predictability and timing composability of architectures. In order to address the lack of temporal semantics in the ISA, we propose instruction extensions to the ISA that give temporal meaning to the program. The instruction extensions allow programs to specify execution time properties in software that must be observed for any correct execution of the program. These include the ability to specify a minimum execution time for code blocks, and the ability to detect and handle missed deadlines from code blocks that exhibit variable execution times. This brings control over timing to the software and allows programs to contain timing properties that are independent of the underlying architecture. In addition, we present the Precision Timed ARM (PTARM) architecture, a realization of Precision Timed (PRET) machines that provides timing predictability and composability without sacrificing performance. PTARM employs a predictable thread-interleaved pipeline with an exposed memory hierarchy that uses scratchpads and a predictable DRAM controller. This removes timing interference among the hardware threads, enabling timing composability in the architecture, and provides deterministic execution times for instructions within the architecture, enabling timing predictability in the architecture. We show that the predictable thread-interleaved pipeline and DRAM controller design also achieve better throughput compared to conventional architectures when fully utilized, accomplishing our goal to provide both predictability and performance. To show the applicability of the architecture, we present two applications implementedwith the PRET architecture that utilize the predictable execution time and the extended ISA to achieve their design requirements. The first application is a real-time fuel rail simulator that implements a one dimensional computational fluid dynamics (1D-CFD) solver on a multicore PRET architecture. The implementation leverages the timing instructions to synchronize the communication of multiple PRET cores with low overhead. The predictable nature and the improved throughput of the architecture allow us to optimize the resource usage while statically ensuring that the timing requirements are met. This provides a scalable solution to close the loop of fuel delivery, allowing for more precise fuel injections that lead to a cleaner and more efficient engine. The second application presents a case study that uses PRET to remove the vulnerability of timing side-channel attacks on encryption algorithms. Encryption algorithms are vulnerable to side-channel attacks that measure the execution time of the encryption to derive the encryption key. The uncontrollable execution time variance can stem from the unpredictable sharing of architecture features or from the various control paths of the encryption algorithm. We implement the RSA and DSA encryption algorithms on PRET and show that by using the timing extended ISA and a predictable architecture, we can completely remove the vulnerabilities that are exploited for the attacks. By providing a predictable architecture, we provide simpler and more accurate timing analysis of the software. With the instruction extensions to the ISA, we provide timing control and allow architecture independent timing properties to be specified in the software. Through these contributions, we aim to introduce a timing deterministic foundation to the lower levels of computing abstractions, which enables more precise and efficient control over timing for the design of CPS.

Download or read book Synthesis of Embedded Software written by Sandeep Kumar Shukla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embedded software is ubiquitous today. There are millions of lines of embedded code in smart phones, and even more in systems responsible for automotive control, avionics control, weapons control and space missions. Some of these are safety-critical systems whose correctness, timely response, and reliability are of paramount importance. These requirement pose new challenges to system designers. This necessitates that a proper design science, based on "constructive correctness" be developed. Correct-by-construction design and synthesis of embedded software is done in a way so that post-development verification is minimized, and correct operation of embedded systems is maximized. This book presents the state of the art in the design of safety-critical, embedded software. It introduced readers to three major approaches to specification driven, embedded software synthesis/construction: synchronous programming based approaches, models of computation based approaches, and an approach based on concurrent programming with a co-design focused language. It is an invaluable reference for practitioners and researchers concerned with improving the product development life-cycle.

Download or read book Techniques for Building Timing Predictable Embedded Systems written by Nan Guan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes state-of-the-art techniques for designing real-time computer systems. The author shows how to estimate precisely the effect of cache architecture on the execution time of a program, how to dispatch workload on multicore processors to optimize resources, while meeting deadline constraints, and how to use closed-form mathematical approaches to characterize highly variable workloads and their interaction in a networked environment. Readers will learn how to deal with unpredictable timing behaviors of computer systems on different levels of system granularity and abstraction.

Download or read book Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods Verification and Validation written by Tiziana Margaria and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-19 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volume set LNCS 6415 and LNCS 6416 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, ISoLA 2010, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in October 2010. The 100 revised full papers presented were carefully revised and selected from numerous submissions and discuss issues related to the adoption and use of rigorous tools and methods for the specification, analysis, verification, certification, construction, test, and maintenance of systems. The 46 papers of the first volume are organized in topical sections on new challenges in the development of critical embedded systems, formal languages and methods for designing and verifying complex embedded systems, worst-case traversal time (WCTT), tools in scientific workflow composition, emerging services and technologies for a converging telecommunications / Web world in smart environments of the internet of things, Web science, model transformation and analysis for industrial scale validation, and learning techniques for software verification and validation. The second volume presents 54 papers addressing the following topics: EternalS: mission and roadmap, formal methods in model-driven development for service-oriented and cloud computing, quantitative verification in practice, CONNECT: status and plans, certification of software-driven medical devices, modeling and formalizing industrial software for verification, validation and certification, and resource and timing analysis.

Download or read book The Architecture of Error written by Francesca Hughes and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-11-07 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the rise of redundant precision in architecture and the accompanying fear of error are key to understanding the discipline's needs, anxieties and desires. When architects draw even brick walls to six decimal places with software designed to cut lenses, it is clear that the logic that once organized relations between precision and material error in construction has unraveled. Precision, already a promiscuous term, seems now to have been uncoupled from its contract with truthfulness. Meanwhile error, and the always-political space of its dissent, has reconfigured itself. In The Architecture of Error Francesca Hughes argues that behind the architect's acute fetishization of redundant precision lies a special fear of physical error. What if we were to consider the pivotal cultural and technological transformations of modernism to have been driven not so much by the causes its narratives declare, she asks, as by an unspoken horror of loss of control over error, material life, and everything that matter stands for? Hughes traces the rising intolerance of material vagaries—from the removal of ornament to digitalized fabrication—that produced the blind rejection of organic materials, the proliferation of material testing, and the rhetorical obstacles that blighted cybernetics. Why is it, she asks, that the more we cornered physical error, the more we feared it? Hughes's analysis of redundant precision exposes an architecture of fear whose politics must be called into question. Proposing error as a new category for architectural thought, Hughes draws on other disciplines and practices that have interrogated precision and failure, citing the work of scientists Nancy Cartwright and Evelyn Fox Keller and visual artists Gordon Matta-Clark, Barbara Hepworth, Rachel Whiteread, and others. These non-architect practitioners, she argues, show that error need not be excluded and precision can be made accountable.

Download or read book Computer Safety Reliability and Security written by Frank Ortmeier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of 5 workshops co-located with SAFECOMP 2012, the 31st International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, held in Magdeburg, Germany, in September 2012. The 49 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. According to the workshops covered, the papers are organized in topical sections on: next generation of system assurance approaches for safety-critical systems (Sassur), architecting safety in collaborative mobile systems (ASCoMS), dependable and secure computing for large-scale complex critical infrastructures (DESEC4LCCI), ERCIM/EWICS/cyberphysical systems (ERCIM/EWICS), and on digital engineering (IWDE).

Download or read book Model Transformation with Hierarchical Discrete event Control written by Huining Feng and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Real time Java Platform Programming written by Peter Dibble and published by Prentice Hall Professional. This book was released on 2002 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Build powerful real-time Java "TM" TM platform aplications! -- The complete reference to the Real Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) for every Java developer who wants to master real-time programming. -- Covers practical real-time development considerations, scheduling theory, garbage collection, rate monotonic analysis, and other key issues. -- Closures, thread.interrupt, asynchronous events, timers, CT, physical and "immortal" memory, program structure, distributed RT applications, exceptions, and more. Real-time programming is critical to the development of a wide range of consumer, industrial, system, and military devices. Using the new Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ), developers can create, verify, analyze, execute and manage Java code that ensures the correctness, timeliness, and execution predictability that are essential to real-time programming. This book, written by one of RTSJ's creators, offers a practical introduction to real-time programming for every Java developer -- even those with no real-time experience at all. Replete with example code, this book gives any Java developer the skills and expertise to build powerful real-time applications. Peter Dibble begins with an overview of the key issues associated with Java real-time development. He covers garbage collection, priority scheduling and deadline scheduling in real-time environments; then introduces rate monotonic analysis, a powerful set of techniques for analyzing timing be