Download or read book Pollination Biology and Simple Sequence Repeat SSR Genetic Identification of Chestnut Cultivars and Their Progeny written by Carmen M. Medina-Mora and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After chestnut blight, caused by the accidental introduction of the pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, ravaged American chestnut (Castanea dentata) populations, other chestnut species attracted more interest because blight resistance was of primary concern. Therefore, the Michigan chestnut population consists of American, Chinese (C. mollissima), Japanese (C. crenata) and European (C. sativa) trees and their hybrids. For orchards, selection of grafted cultivars is crucial for long-term commercial success. Due to the mixture of non-grafted seedling trees, hybrid trees, and grafted cultivars in Michigan orchards and the variability of nut production within orchards the two objectives of my study were to 1) genetically identify commercially important chestnut cultivars currently growing in Michigan using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and 2) improve our understanding of chestnut pollination including reproductive phenology, and nut-set using genetic analysis of parents and offspring. To genetically identify chestnut cultivars growing in Michigan, a total of 110 samples representing 9 European hybrid cultivars and 2 Chinese cultivars were genotyped. The efficacy of 5 previously determined SSR markers to describe the genetic diversity among 8 chestnut cultivars was evaluated using IDENTITY, POPGENE and CERVUS software. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 10 to 19 alleles with intermediate to high levels of heterozygosity (0.457-0.923). Polymorphic information content (0.693-0.797) and power of discrimination (0.707-0.819) were determined. High levels of genetic diversity were observed in the chestnut population included in this study, where 56 genotypes were defined. The overall SSR profile of each cultivar consisted of alleles useful for the identification of each cultivar included in this study. Unique alleles were obtained with each SSR locus and useful for the identification of 5 out of the 11 chestnut cultivars ('Colossal', 'Benton Harbor', 'Everfresh', 'Nevada', and 'Okei'). Out of the 5 SSR primer sets used, a combination of two primer sets were always sufficient to identify each cultivar, however, the selection of useful primers requires prior knowledge of the cultivars being differentiated. These SSR primer sets were able to identify the parents of F1 progeny when two cultivars, ('Benton Harbor' and 'Okei') pollinized a third cultivar ('Colossal'). The SSR-based identification of individual nuts could only be performed if the SSR alleles of the parental trees involved in the cross were known and partially unique to each chestnut cultivar. The SSR profile resulting from the primer sets (EMCs15 and CsCAT1) was sufficient to identify the paternal parent of each nut recovered from the pollination event. To better understand chestnut pollination, experimental crosses were conducted during the 2008-2010 growing seasons. In controlled, natural pollination experiments, the interaction between pollen and flowers was monitored. For one cultivar ('Colossal'), female flowers were receptive to pollen as early as 19-June, and as late as 3-August. In controlled pollination experiments performed in mid-Michigan, pollen was made available to flowers at pre-anthesis, anthesis, and post-anthesis. The highest level of nut production occurred when pollen was available at anthesis on 11-July, 6-July, and 3-July for the 2008, 2009, and 2010 growing seasons, respectively. Pollen application at anthesis was important to obtain a high number of nuts, however, anthesis shifted from year to year. Studies of genetic characterization and pollination biology should provide opportunities that will help Michigan growers establish and maintain high quality commercial chestnut plantings by improving cultivar identification as well as issues related to pollen timing and nut-set.
Download or read book Fruit Breeding written by Maria Luisa Badenes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-16 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fruit Breeding is the eighth volume in the Handbook of Plant Breeding series. Like the other volumes in the series, this volume presents information on the latest scientific information in applied plant breeding using the current advances in the field, from an efficient use of genetic resources to the impact of biotechnology in plant breeding. The majority of the volume showcases individual crops, complemented by sections dealing with important aspects of fruit breeding as trends, marketing and protection of new varieties, health benefits of fruits and new crops in the horizon. The book also features contributions from outstanding scientists for each crop species. Maria Luisa Badenes Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain David Byrne Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Download or read book THE STATE OF THE WORLD s FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication was prepared based on information provided by 86 countries, outcomes from regional and subregional consultations and commissioned thematic studies. It includes: •an overview of definitions and concepts related to Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) and a review of their value; •a description of the main drivers of changes; •the presentation of key emerging technologies; •an analysis of the current status of FGR conservation, use and related developments; •recommendations addressing the challenges and needs. By the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
Download or read book Chestnut Culture in California written by Paul Vossen and published by UCANR Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to grow this sweet and increasingly marketable low-fat nut. Information on species and varieties, worldwide consumption, economics, and marketing; how to choose an orchard site, plant and maintain the orchard, harvest, and storage.
Download or read book Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production written by H. David Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the previously neglected interface between the conservation of plant genetic resources and their utilization. Only through utilization can the potential value of conserved genetic resources be realized. However, as this book shows, much conserved germplasm has to be subjected to long-term pre-breeding and genetic enhancement before it can be used in plant breeding programs.The authors explore the rationale and approaches for such pre-breeding efforts as the basis for broadening the genetic bases of crop production. Examples from a range of major food crops are presented and issues analyzed by leading authorities from around the world.
Download or read book American Chestnut written by Susan Freinkel and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In prose as strong and quietly beautiful as the American chestnut itself, Susan Freinkel profiles the silent catastrophe of a near-extinction and the impassioned struggle to bring a species back from the brink. Freinkel is a rare hybrid: equally fluid and in command as a science writer and a chronicler of historical events, and graced with the poise and skill to seamlessly graft these talents together. A perfect book."—Mary Roach, author of Stiff and Spook "A spellbinding, heart wrenching, and uplifting account of the American chestnut that asks the vastly important question: Have we learned enough, and do we care enough, to begin healing some of the wounds we've inflicted on the natural world?"—Scott Weidensaul, author of Return to Wild America and Mountains of the Heart "This is a beautifully written account of the passing of one of the botanical wonders of the North American landscape, the American chestnut tree, which was nearly extirpated by a plague that entered the ecosystem and swept these great trees away. Freinkel, a gifted writer whose research is impeccable and whose reporting is topnotch, tells of the impassioned work of scientists over the past century and up to today, trying to bring the American chestnut back from the brink of extinction. Only a person in love with trees could have written this lovely book."—Richard Preston, author of The Hot Zone and The Wild Trees "Graceful, provocative, and inspiring. Thoreau would be proud."—Alan Burdick, author of Out of Eden, a 2005 National Book Award finalist "In this beautifully written volume, Susan Freinkel ably describes the marriage of science and passion that is being brought to bear to save this majestic American tree from extinction. The people whose ancestors lived among chestnut trees and their places come alive for the reader, as does the appearance and spread of the blight and the heroes who are struggling with it today. The book concludes with a tantalizing vision of chestnuts in the forests again—a thought of making the world right where it has gone wrong."—Peter H. Raven, Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden
Download or read book Polyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement written by Annaliese Mason and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Strategy of "Large Population, Strong Selection" Will Guarantee Success in Poplar Polyploid Breeding
Download or read book Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding written by George Acquaah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised edition of the bestselling textbook, covering both classical and molecular plant breeding Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding integrates theory and practice to provide an insightful examination of the fundamental principles and advanced techniques of modern plant breeding. Combining both classical and molecular tools, this comprehensive textbook describes the multidisciplinary strategies used to produce new varieties of crops and plants, particularly in response to the increasing demands to of growing populations. Illustrated chapters cover a wide range of topics, including plant reproductive systems, germplasm for breeding, molecular breeding, the common objectives of plant breeders, marketing and societal issues, and more. Now in its third edition, this essential textbook contains extensively revised content that reflects recent advances and current practices. Substantial updates have been made to its molecular genetics and breeding sections, including discussions of new breeding techniques such as zinc finger nuclease, oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, reverse breeding, genome editing, and others. A new table enables efficient comparison of an expanded list of molecular markers, including Allozyme, RFLPs, RAPD, SSR, ISSR, DAMD, AFLP, SNPs and ESTs. Also, new and updated “Industry Highlights” sections provide examples of the practical application of plant breeding methods to real-world problems. This new edition: Organizes topics to reflect the stages of an actual breeding project Incorporates the most recent technologies in the field, such as CRSPR genome edition and grafting on GM stock Includes numerous illustrations and end-of-chapter self-assessment questions, key references, suggested readings, and links to relevant websites Features a companion website containing additional artwork and instructor resources Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding offers researchers and professionals an invaluable resource and remains the ideal textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduates in plant science, particularly those studying plant breeding, biotechnology, and genetics.
Download or read book Plant Mutation Breeding and Biotechnology written by Q. Y. Shu and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This book presents contemporary information on mutagenesis in plants and its applications in plant breeding and research. The topics are classified into sections focusing on the concepts, historical development and genetic basis of plant mutation breeding (chapters 1-6); mutagens and induced mutagenesis (chapters 7-13); mutation induction and mutant development (chapters 14-23); mutation breeding (chapters 24-34); or mutations in functional genomics (chapters 35-41). This book is an essential reference for those who are conducting research on mutagenesis as an approach to improving or modifying a trait, or achieving basic understanding of a pathway for a trait --.
Download or read book Molecular Plant Breeding written by Yunbi Xu and published by CABI. This book was released on 2010 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in plant genomics and molecular biology have revolutionized our understanding of plant genetics, providing new opportunities for more efficient and controllable plant breeding. Successful techniques require a solid understanding of the underlying molecular biology as well as experience in applied plant breeding. Bridging the gap between developments in biotechnology and its applications in plant improvement, Molecular Plant Breeding provides an integrative overview of issues from basic theories to their applications to crop improvement including molecular marker technology, gene mapping, genetic transformation, quantitative genetics, and breeding methodology.
Download or read book Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies Nut and Beverage Crops written by Jameel M. Al-Khayri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the development of innovative modern methodologies towards augmenting conventional plant breeding, in individual crops, for the production of new crop varieties under the increasingly limiting environmental and cultivation factors to achieve sustainable agricultural production, enhanced food security, in addition to providing raw materials for innovative industrial products and pharmaceuticals. This Volume 4, subtitled Nut and Beverage Crops, focuses on advances in breeding strategies using both traditional and modern approaches for the improvement of individual plantation crops. Included in Part I, eleven important nut species recognized for their economical and nutritional importance including Almond, Argan, Brazil nut, Cashew nut, Chestnut, Hazelnut, Macadamia, Peanut, Pine nut, Pistachio and Walnut. Part II covers two popular beverage species, coffee and tea. This volume is contributed by 53 internationally reputable scientists from 13 countries. Each chapter comprehensively reviews the modern literature on the subject and reflects the authors own experience.
Download or read book Forest Genomics and Biotechnology written by Isabel Allona and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic addresses research in genomics and biotechnology to improve the growth and quality of forest trees for wood, pulp, biorefineries and carbon capture. Forests are the world’s greatest repository of terrestrial biomass and biodiversity. Forests serve critical ecological services, supporting the preservation of fauna and flora, and water resources. Planted forests also offer a renewable source of timber, for pulp and paper production, and the biorefinery. Despite their fundamental role for society, thousands of hectares of forests are lost annually due to deforestation, pests, pathogens and urban development. As a consequence, there is an increasing need to develop trees that are more productive under lower inputs, while understanding how they adapt to the environment and respond to biotic and abiotic stress. Forest genomics and biotechnology, disciplines that study the genetic composition of trees and the methods required to modify them, began over a quarter of a century ago with the development of the first genetic maps and establishment of early methods of genetic transformation. Since then, genomics and biotechnology have impacted all research areas of forestry. Genome analyses of tree populations have uncovered genes involved in adaptation and response to biotic and abiotic stress. Genes that regulate growth and development have been identified, and in many cases their mechanisms of action have been described. Genetic transformation is now widely used to understand the roles of genes and to develop germplasm that is more suitable for commercial tree plantations. However, in contrast to many annual crops that have benefited from centuries of domestication and extensive genomic and biotechnology research, in forestry the field is still in its infancy. Thus, tremendous opportunities remain unexplored. This Research Topic aims to briefly summarize recent findings, to discuss long-term goals and to think ahead about future developments and how this can be applied to improve growth and quality of forest trees.
Download or read book Poplars and Willows written by Jud G. Isebrands and published by CABI. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poplars and willows form an important component of forestry and agricultural systems, providing a wide range of wood and non-wood products. This book synthesizes research on poplars and willows, providing a practical worldwide overview and guide to their basic characteristics, cultivation and use, issues, problems and trends. Prominence is given to environmental benefits and the importance of poplar and willow cultivation in meeting the needs of people and communities, sustainable livelihoods, land use and development.
Download or read book Genomics and Breeding for Climate Resilient Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is expected to have a drastic impact on agronomic conditions including temperature, precipitation, soil nutrients, and the incidence of disease pests, to name a few. To face this looming threat, significant progress in developing new breeding strategies has been made over the last few decades. The first volume of Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops presents the basic concepts and strategies for developing climate-resilient crop varieties. Topics covered include: conservation, evaluation and utilization of biodiversity; identification of traits, genes and crops of the future; genomic and molecular tools; genetic engineering; participatory and evolutionary breeding; bioinformatics tools to support breeding; funding and networking support; and intellectual property, regulatory issues, social and political dimensions.
Download or read book Cinnamon written by Ranjith Senaratne and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-25 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cinnamon is the common name for the spice obtained from the dried inner bark of several species of the genus Cinnamomum in the Lauraceae family. In world trade, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl Cinnamomum burmannii dominate, but it is of a different quality to ‘true’ or ‘Ceylon’ cinnamon produced from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (C. verum J. Presl), with the latter much easier to process, giving a more delicate, sweeter flavor with nuances of clove, but more importantly with only traces (often below detection thresholds) of coumarin, compared with 5–7 g/kg in other species. Cinnamon has been a popular and expensive spice in many civilizations, including ancient Egypt, Rome and in 14th and 15th century Europe, where it was used primarily to preserve meat for its antibacterial properties, fine aroma and flavor. Ancient Egyptians used cinnamon in mummification process due to its antibacterial properties and fragrance. The quest for cinnamon brought many explorers to Ceylon, whose ancient history is intertwined with the cinnamon trade. Ancient Egyptians and Romans used cinnamon as a valued spice and as an incense. In recent years, much research has been conducted in crop improvement, processing and value addition in cinnamon. In addition to direct use as a condiment/spice, cinnamon has found a multitude of uses in the food and beverage, traditional medicine, pharmacology, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries. Ceylon cinnamon is unique in that oils distilled from the bark (major constituents are cinnamaldehyde and oleoresins), leaf (eugenol is the major constituent used in dentistry, perfumes, flavorings and as an antioxidant) and roots (camphor) have different industrial uses. Cinnamaldehyde is now a proven natural bactericide widely used in food and beverage industry, effective against Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Thus, it has become an important natural component of organic fruit and vegetable juices to enhance microbial safety of these nutritious beverages. Because of its manifold uses, cinnamon is an important crop. There have been many recent publications on its ethnobotany, genetics, crop improvement, agronomy, processing, biotechnology, chemistry, food and medicinal uses, and industrial applications. However, one book condensing all these findings is lacking. Our publication, with chapters devoted to all these aspects of cinnamon written by experts in these fields, condenses current knowledge into a single source and contribute to the advancement and dissemination of knowledge and technology. Contributors to the book constitute internationally renowned senior scientists and academics with hands-on experience as well as movers and shakers of industry, thereby striking a right balance between theory and practice. Therefore it is a valuable source for students, teachers, scientists, planners policy makers, practicing agriculturists and industrialists, and a prized acquisition to any library in higher education institutions, R & D institutions and public and private sector institutions in agriculture and allied fields.
Download or read book Breeding Plantation Tree Crops Tropical Species written by Shri Mohan Jain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-08 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree species are indispensable to support human life. Due to their long life cycle and environmental sensitivity, breeding trees to suit day-to-day human needs is a formidable challenge. Whether they are edible or industrial crops, improving yield under optimal, sub-optimal and marginal areas calls for uni?ed efforts from the s- entistsaroundtheworld. Whiletheuniquenessofcoconutaskalpavriksha(Sanskr- meaning tree-of-life) marks its presence in every continent from Far East to South America, tree crops like cocoa, oil palm, rubber, apple, peach, grapes and walnut prove their environmental sensitivity towards tropical, sub-tropical and temperate climates. Desert climate is quintessential for date palm. Thus, from soft drinks to breweries to beverages to oil to tyres, the value addition offers a spectrum of pr- ucts to human kind, enriched with nutritional, environmental, ?nancial, social and trade related attributes. Taxonomically, tree crops do not con?ne to a few families, but spread across a section of genera, an attribute so unique that contributes immensely to genetic biodiversity even while cultivated at the commercial scale. Many of these species in?uence other ?ora to nurture in their vicinity, thus ensuring their integrity in p- serving the genetic biodiversity. While wheat, rice, maize, barley, soybean, cassava andbananamakeup themajorfoodstaples,manyfruittreespeciescontributegreatly tonutritionalenrichment inhumandiet. Theediblepartofthesespeciesisthesource of several nutrients that makes additives for the daily diet of humans, for example, vitamins, sugars, aromas and ?avour compounds, and raw material for food proce- ing industries. Tree crops face an array of agronomic and horticultural problems in propagation, yield, appearance, quality, diseases and pest control, abiotic stresses and poor shelf-life.
Download or read book Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species written by James F. Hancock and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic variability that developed in plants during their evolution is the basic of their domestication and breeding into the crops grown today for food, fuel and other industrial uses. This third edition of Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species brings the subject up-to-date, with more emphasis on crop origins. Beginning with a description of the processes of evolution in native and cultivated plants, the book reviews the origins of crop domestication and their subsequent development over time. All major crop species are discussed, including cereals, protein plants, starch crops, fruits and vegetables, from their origins to conservation of their genetic resources for future development.
