Download or read book Greece Selected Issues written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected Issues
Download or read book Republic of Poland written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses key issues related to the economy of Poland. Thanks to its sound policies, close links to the German supply chain, and substantial EU transfers, Poland is the only country in the European Union that avoided an outright recession during the global financial crisis. However, this strong performance has masked enduring regional disparities, which are undermining the quality of growth. Poland faces significant long-term challenges as an aging population weighs on potential growth and public finances. The new government, which took office in November, has approved a Responsible Development Plan, focused on spurring growth through innovation and reducing social and regional disparities.
Download or read book Republic of Poland written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights the fact that to address the challenge of declining working age population, policies should not only aim to support fertility, but also to increase labor force participation rate, to improve labor allocation across sectors and to encourage net immigration. However, with some recent measures going in the opposite direction, even such mitigating policies may not fully offset the demographic headwinds. Poland faces profound demographic changes. The decline of fertility rate and growing life expectancy, mostly driven by longevity of older cohorts, will significantly change the demographic landscape. Demographics may soon pose a barrier for growth. The historical expansion of working age population appears to have been only partly utilized to boost potential growth, with increased unemployment and declined labor force participation rates dampening potential gains. Net migration was also a drag on the labor supply in the past, but this has changed recently. In addition to a steady outflow of permanent migrants, there was a sharp pickup in temporary migration after EU accession.
Download or read book Implementing a US Carbon Tax written by Ian Parry and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the future extent and effects of global climate change remain uncertain, the expected damages are not zero, and risks of serious environmental and macroeconomic consequences rise with increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite the uncertainties, reducing emissions now makes sense, and a carbon tax is the simplest, most effective, and least costly way to do this. At the same time, a carbon tax would provide substantial new revenues which may be badly needed, given historically high debt-to-GDP levels, pressures on social security and medical budgets, and calls to reform taxes on personal and corporate income. This book is about the practicalities of introducing a carbon tax, set against the broader fiscal context. It consists of thirteen chapters, written by leading experts, covering the full range of issues policymakers would need to understand, such as the revenue potential of a carbon tax, how the tax can be administered, the advantages of carbon taxes over other mitigation instruments and the environmental and macroeconomic impacts of the tax. A carbon tax can work in the United States. This volume shows how, by laying out sound design principles, opportunities for broader policy reforms, and feasible solutions to specific implementation challenges.
Download or read book Republic of Poland written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-05-11 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper analyzes the use of fiscal rules in Poland and also suggests improvements. The study reviews the income tax reforms, developments in the polish tax system, and discusses the need and scope for public expenditure reform, employment, and the role of reforms of labor market institutions in reducing the unemployment rate. The paper highlights the trend in the saving-investment balance, the major determinants of private saving, and presents the results of a simple econometric analysis based on a panel dataset of selected transition economies.
Download or read book Slovak Republic Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Republic of Poland written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Technical Assistance report on the Republic of Poland provide details of an IMF mission to analyse next steps in developing a standard chart of accounts (SCoA) and multi-year budget. The Ministry of Finance (MoF) has started many preparatory activities for developing the SCoA. Extensive discussions and presentations during this mission afforded the mission the opportunity to convey information on the conceptual framework for the SCoA in more detail. Counterparts raised issues for clarification during initial meetings with the mission. Through a mini workshop, the mission tried to ensure that all counterparts fully understand the parameters of a multi-dimensional SCoA and the implication of decisions related to it. The main recommendations of this mission on the SCoA present various options available to address issues discussed. The mission recommended increasing the effectiveness of the accounting users’ survey by ensuring that the SCoA survey respondents are made fully aware of the purpose of the survey and the implications of their responses.
Download or read book Selected Issues in Experimental Economics written by Kesra Nermend and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this volume is to provide deep insights and the latest scientific developments and trends in experimental economics. Derived from the 2015 Computational Methods in Experimental Economics (CMEE) conference, this book features papers containing research and analysis of economic experiments concerning research in such areas as management science, decision theory, game theory, marketing and political science. The goal is to present possibilities for using various computer methods in the scope of experimental economics to further provide researchers with a wide variety of tools. The field of experimental economics is rapidly evolving. Modern use of experimental economics requires the integration of knowledge in the domains of economic sciences, computer science, psychology, and neuroscience. Recent research includes experiments conducted both in the laboratory and in the field, and the results are used for testing and a better understanding of economic theories. Researchers working in this field use mainly a set of well-established methods and computer tools that support the experiments. Methods such as artificial intelligence, computer simulation and computer graphics, however, are not represented enough in experimental economics studies and most experimenters do not consider their usage. The goal of the conference and the enclosed papers is to allow for an exchange of experiences and to promote joint initiatives to insight change in this trend.
Download or read book Modern Entrepreneurship in Business Practice Selected Issues written by Marek Matejun and published by Lodz University of Technology Press, Lodz. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Europe s Growth Champion written by Marcin Piatkowski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What makes countries rich? What makes countries poor? Europe's Growth Champion: Insights from the Economic Rise of Poland seeks to answer these questions, and many more, through a study of one of the biggest, and least heard about, economic success stories. Over the last twenty-five years Poland has transitioned from a perennially backward, poor, and peripheral country to unexpectedly join the ranks of the world's high income countries. Europe's Growth Champion is about the lessons learned from Poland's remarkable experience, the conditions that keep countries poor, and the challenges that countries need to face in order to grow. It defines a new growth model that Poland and its Eastern European peers need to adopt to grow and catch up with their Western counterparts. Poland's economic rise emphasizes the importance of the fundamental sources of growth- institutions, culture, ideas, and leaders- in economic development. It demonstrates that a shift from an extractive society, where the few rule for the benefit of the few, to an inclusive society, where many rule for the benefit of many, can be the key to economic success. *IEurope's Growth Champion asserts that a newly emerged inclusive society will support further convergence of Poland and the rest of Central and Eastern Europe with the West, and help to sustain the region's Golden Age. It also acknowledges the future challenges that Poland faces, and that moving to the core of the European economy will require further reforms and changes in Poland's developmental character.
Download or read book Some Uncomfortable Arithmetic Regarding Europe s Public Finances written by Mrs.Delia Velculescu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional fiscal indicators focused on measures of current deficits and debt miss the potentially important implications of current policies for future public finances. This could be problematic, including in the case of Europe, where population aging is expected to pose additional fiscal costs not captured by such indicators. To better gauge the state of public finances in the EU27 countries, this paper derives forward-looking fiscal measures of intertemporal net worth both directly from the European Commission’s Aging Working Group’s long-run indicators and using a comprehensive public-sector balance sheet approach. These measures could be used as an "early warning" mechanism and also as a communication device with the public. Current estimates indicate that, on existing policies, the intertemporal net worth of the EU27 is deeply negative, even in excess of its GDP level, and is projected to worsen further over time. This suggests that Europe’s current policies need to be significantly strengthened to bring future liabilities in line with the EU governments’ capacity to generate assets.
Download or read book Bosnia and Herzegovina Selected Issues written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coalition of the unWilling and unAble written by John R Deni and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does the United States need European allies, and why is it getting more difficult for those allies to partner with Washington in standing up to China, pushing back against Russia, and pursuing other common interests around the world? This book addresses the economic, demographic, political, and military trends that are fundamentally upending the ability and willingness of European allies to work with Washington. Brexit and its impact on Britain’s economy and its military, Germany’s seemingly relentless economic and political rise, France’s continuing economic malaise, Italy’s aging population and its withdrawal from major overseas operations, and Poland’s demographic decline and single-minded obsession with Russia will combine to make partnership with Washington nearly impossible. In short, the constellation of allies and partners the United States has relied on since 9/11 will look very different a decade from now. How should Washington respond? It doesn’t hold all the cards, but this book offers an array of practical recommendations for American leaders. By leveraging these proposals, U.S. policy-makers can avoid the worst-case scenarios and make the most of limited opportunities.
Download or read book Israel written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper analyzes the macro-fiscal implications of an increase in infrastructure spending, considering Israel’s dual economy character. The efficiency of investment is key to ensuring growth benefits are achieved and to containing increases in the public debt ratio. Selecting projects with low rates of return, managing public investment inefficiently, or raising investment faster than absorptive capacity, can lead to weaker growth benefits and higher debt ratios that reduce the room to sustain increased public investment. Growth benefits will likely be insufficient to prevent a significant increase in debt ratios, indicating a need for revenue measures, where reductions in tax benefits are preferable. Allowing the public debt ratio to rise as much as 10 percentage points appears too high as Israel faces wider uncertainties than most advanced economies and it should also preserve fiscal space to facilitate structural reforms for long-term growth. Given Israel’s very low civilian spending, the government should consider financing most of the additional investment with additional revenues. Israel’s sizable foregone revenue from various tax benefits—around 5 percent of GDP per year—suggests significant scope for revenue gains. Our analysis also suggests that reducing tax benefits is least detrimental to growth, which in turn would be most positive for debt dynamics.
Download or read book The Political Economy of Reform Lessons from Pensions Product Markets and Labour Markets in Ten OECD Countries written by Tompson William and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By looking at 20 reform efforts in ten OECD countries, this report examines why some reforms are implemented and other languish.
Download or read book Residential Change and Demographic Challenge written by Annett Steinführer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going beyond the assumption that East Central European cities are still 'in transition' this book draws on the postsocialism paradigm to ask new questions about the impact of demographic change on residential developments in this region. Focussing on four second-order cities in this region, it examines Gdansk and Lódz in Poland and Brno and Ostrava in the Czech Republic as examples and deals with the nexus between urban development and demographic change for the context of East Central European cities. It provides a framework for linking urban and demographic research. It discusses how residential areas and urban developments cope with changes in population development, household types and different forms of in- and out-migration and goes on to explore parallels and differences in comparison with broader European patterns. This book will be useful to academics of urban planning and development especially in transition areas, Central and Eastern European studies, demographics and population studies, and sociology/social exclusion.
Download or read book The New Capital Markets in Central and Eastern Europe written by Michael Schröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An excellent analyses of the effects of EU enlargement on capital markets in the most advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. It also investigates the EU's impact on the interactions between Eastern and Western capital markets. The study is particularly useful for financial analysts, institutional investors and academic researchers who are interested in the economic and institutional developments of capital markets in CEE countries.
