Download or read book Plasma Imaging as a Diagnostic Tool for Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jessica Mcnutt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been identied as a promising technique for the detection and characterization of nuclear materials and other materials relevant for nuclear forensics and international safeguards applications. LIBS is a material characterization method whereby a short-pulse, high-intensity laser is focused on the surface of a target to generate a plasma for spectral analysis to determine the elemental and potentially isotopic composition of the target. Shadowgraphic and fast-frame photographic imaging are two established techniques used to study the time-evolution and the rate of expansion of laser-produced plasmas over hundreds of nanoseconds. The modication of a LIBS experimental setup to include the capability to take photographic images and high-temporal resolution shadowgraphic images is presented. Analysis of uranium samples was performed in air and vacuum conditions. Shadowgraphic imaging was used to analyze laser produced plasma evolution in the rst 8 ns following laser-energy deposition on the surface. Algorithms were developed to measure the plasma radius as a function of time and the results of that analysis were compared to the Sedov-Taylor model.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jagdish P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition, covers the basic principles and latest developments in instrumentation and applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Written by active experts in the field, it serves as a useful resource for analytical chemists and spectroscopists, as well as graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. This fully revised second edition includes several new chapters on new LIBS techniques as well as several new applications, including flame and off-gas measurement, pharmaceutical samples, defense applications, carbon sequestration and site monitoring, handheld instruments, and more. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. It does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas, and biological materials (like teeth, leaves, or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. This comprehensive reference introduces the topic to readers in a simple, direct, and accessible manner for easy comprehension and maximum utility. Covers even more applications of LIBS beyond the first edition, including combustion, soil physics, environment, and life sciences Includes new chapters on LIBS techniques that have emerged in the last several years, including Femtosecond LIBS and Molecular LIBS Provides inspiration for future developments in this rapidly growing field in the concluding chapter

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS written by Vivek K. Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 2162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Essential resource covering the field of LIBS, with respect to its fundamentals, established and novel applications, and future prospects Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), presents in two comprehensive volumes a thorough discussion of the basic principles of the method, including important recently available data which can lead to a better characterization of the LIBS plasma. This extensive work contains detailed discussions on the lasers, spectrometers, and detectors that can be used for LIBS apparatuses and describes various instrumentation, ranging from basic setups to more advanced configurations. As a modern resource, the work includes the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments, featuring the recent developments of Dual-Pulse LIBS, Femtosecond LIBS, and Micro-LIBS as well as their applications. Throughout, the contributions discuss the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of samples. Lastly, an extensive range of applications is presented, including food technology, environmental science, nuclear reactors, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and biological and biomedical developments. Sample topics covered within the work include: iagnostics of laser induced plasma (LIP): LIBS plasma and its characteristics, factors affecting the LIBS plasma, methods of enhancing LIBS sensitivity, and LTE/non-LTE plasmas Instrumental developments in LIBS: light collection system and spectral detection systems, handheld LIBS, deep sea LIBS, and industrial sorters and analyzers Femtosecond laser ablation: laser-matter interaction, laser absorption, energy transport, ablation mechanisms and threshold, and plasma characterization Micro-analysis and LIBS imaging: microjoule laser sources, scaling libs to microjoule energies, micrometer scaling, advanced applications, and future prospects Spectroscopic and analytical scientists working with LIBS will find this wide-ranging reference immensely helpful in developing LIBS instrumentation and applications. Researchers and students in natural sciences and related programs of study will be able to use the work to acquire foundational knowledge on the method and learn about cutting-edge advancements being made in the field.

Download or read book Handbook of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by David A. Cremers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.

Download or read book Diagnostic and Analytical Studies of Laser Induced Plasmas written by Heh Young Moon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Since its early applications, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been recognized as a useful tool for solid state chemical analysis due to its numerous attractive advantages as an analytical tool: e.g., simultaneous multi-element detection capability, no sample preparation, rapid or real-time analysis, and allowing in situ analysis requiring only optical access to the sample. However, the quantitative accuracy of the technique depends on the complex fundamental processes involved in laser-induced plasma formation, ablation, atomization, excitation and ion recombination. Thus, problems arising from laser target coupling, matrix effects, line interferences, fractionation in target vaporization, the main assumptions of the methods, namely the optically thin emission of spectral lines and the existence of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the plasma should be properly addressed in order to obtain reliable quantitative results [1, 2] . The general scope of this research encompasses two aspects related to the LIBS technique: one aspect is the fundamental study of the plasma characteristics and another is an improved use of the technique in quantitative analysis. The main project is to revisit and investigate some fundamental assumptions such as the existence of local.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Biological Forensic and Materials Sciences written by Gábor Galbács and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the area of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), focusing on its application to biological, forensic and materials sciences. LIBS, which was previously mainly used by physicists, chemists and in the industry, has now become a very useful tool with great potential in these other fields as well. LIBS has a unique set of characteristics including minimal destructiveness, remote sensing capabilities, potential portability, extremely high information content, trace analytical sensitivity and high throughput. With its content divided into two main parts, this book provides not only an introduction to the analytical capabilities and methodology, but also an overview of the results of recent applications in the above fields. The application-oriented, multidisciplinary approach of this work is also reflected in the diversity of the expert contributors. Given its breadth, this book will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in solving analytical/diagnostic/material characterization tasks with the application of LIBS.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Andrzej W. Miziolek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive reference explaining the fundamentals of the LIBS phenomenon, its history and its fascinating applications across eighteen chapters written by recognized leaders in the field. This book will be of significant interest to researchers in chemical and materials analysis within academia and industry.

Download or read book Laser induced Breakdown Spectrometry written by Yong-Ill Lee and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the output from a pulsed laser is forced onto a small spot of a sample, optically induced plasma, called laser-induced plasma (LIP) is formed at the surface. The plasma is formed when the laser power density exceeds the breakdown threshold value of the surface. The plasma can be used in sampling but is proposed as a source for atomic emission spectrometry (AES). In this case the technique is referred to as laser induced breakdown (emission) spectrometry (LIBS). The spectrally and temporally resolved detection and subsequent determination of the specific atomic emission reveals analytical information about the elemental composition of the sample, including solids, liquids and gases. This book is devoted to the analytical technique of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry. An introduction covering some basic principles of atomic emission spectrometry, analytical performance characteristics, and a comparison to more conventional techniques provides background information for the reader. The book is then conveniently divided into three parts: the first part described the instrumentation required and options available, the second part on fundamental studies of the laser plasma, and the third part on applications. Finally the future development of LIBS is presented.

Download or read book Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS as a diagnostics tool for biological tissue analysis written by Fanuel Mehari and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy and Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Reinhard Noll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-14 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive source of the fundamentals, process parameters, instrumental components and applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The effect of multiple pulses on material ablation, plasma dynamics and plasma emission is presented. A heuristic plasma modeling allows to simulate complex experimental plasma spectra. These methods and findings form the basis for a variety of applications to perform quantitative multi-element analysis with LIBS. These application potentials of LIBS have really boosted in the last years ranging from bulk analysis of metallic alloys and non-conducting materials, via spatially resolved analysis and depth profiling covering measuring objects in all physical states: gaseous, liquid and solid. Dedicated chapters present LIBS investigations for these tasks with special emphasis on the methodical and instrumental concepts as well as the optimization strategies for a quantitative analysis. Requirements, concepts, design and characteristic features of LIBS instruments are described covering laboratory systems, inspections systems for in-line process control, mobile systems and remote systems. State-of-the-art industrial applications of LIBS systems are presented demonstrating the benefits of inline process control for improved process guiding and quality assurance purposes.

Download or read book Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool for Coal Fines written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atomic and Molecular Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Above a Titanium Target written by Alexander Charles Woods and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to use optical emission spectroscopy to investigate the processes occurring subsequent to laser ablation of a titanium sample. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy provides a procedure for atomic and molecular identification for particular constituents of a laser-induced plasma. Atomic spectral line shapes provide a diagnostic tool for characterizing laser induced plasma, particularly within the first hundreds of nanoseconds. Molecular recombination and/or excitation of selected molecules can lead to simultaneous detection of atomic and molecular species via spectral analysis. Nonlinear fitting of synthetic molecular spectra, calculated via diatomic quantum theory, provides tools for identification, temperature measurement, and further analysis of the diatomic molecules present. By computing accurate line strength values for the TiO molecule, synthetic spectra for the TiO transitions are used to analyze plasma emissions at delay times within the first hundreds of microseconds. In obtaining and analyzing results, numerical methods are implemented. Specifically, use of a Monte-Carlo simulation is studied, as a tool for error analysis. The resulting analysis characterizes the temperature and electron density as a function of time within the first hundreds of nanoseconds. Investigations of TiO spectral transitions along the height of the ablation plume, at time delays of tens of microseconds, reveal two distinct luminescent regions within the plasma with starkly different temperatures.

Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Fiber Optics for Remote Measurements of Trace Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develop a fiber-optic imaging probe for microanalysis of solid samples. Design a time-resolved plasma imaging system to measure the development of the LIBS signal. Setup a laboratory system capable of timing two lasers independently, for optimizing and characterizing dual-pulse LIBS. Compare the development of laser-induced plasmas generated with a single laser pulse to the development of laser induced plasmas generated with a pre-ablation spark prior to sample ablation. Examine the effect of sample matrix on the LIBS signals of elements in different sample matrices. Investigate the effect of excitation wavelength of the ablation beam in pre-ablation spark dual-pulse LIBS experiments. Determine the effect of the physical properties of the sample on the mass of materials ablated.

Download or read book Optical Diagnostics of Colliding Laser Produced Plasmas written by Colm Fallon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently prepulse techniques such as dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS) have emerged as commonly used analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative elemental investigations in various research fields and disciplines such as industrial, defense and medical applications. The performance of the DP-LIBS technique is strongly dependent on the choice of the experimental conditions. The key parameters that affect its performance are the target properties, laser wavelength, pulse duration, energy and spot-size, interpulse delay times, delay time of observations, ambient background gas pressure and geometrical setup of the optics. The DP-LIBS approach provides significant enhancement in the intensities of emission lines and their lifetimes, up to two orders of magnitude greater than conventional single pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. The aim of the work presented here is to further advance prepulse techniques, as well as other methods to control species density, with a view to optimise emission in the visible wavelength range. In particular, a new technique involving reheating the stagnation layer formed at the collision front between two (or more) colliding plasmas is explored. Spatially and temporally resolved imaging and spectroscopy of the interaction region between two colliding plasmas are employed to demonstrate for the first time that pumping of an optimised stagnation layer significantly increases the intensity emission and duration of selected spectral lines. This technique offers the promise of tunable density and tunable energy (temperature) plasmas. It will potentially increase both the lifetimes and intensities of spectral lines in laser produced plasmas by creating relatively low density - high energy plasmas which can overcome the problem of flux loss due to opacity, which leads to the attenuation of discrete emission lines with a concomitant reduction in line contrast, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-background ratio (SBR). The latter is a key parameter in determining the limit-of-detection (LOD) of the LIBS technique. Other applications of stagnation layers include the development of 'target fuel' for Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) and X-ray light sources with an especial emphasis on generating high repetition rate, preheated droplet-like targets that can compete with the current liquid drop targets. The latter suffer from clogging at the jet nozzle due to adiabatic expansion freezing. Also, unlike stagnation layers the basic parameters of the droplet fuel cannot be easily varied in the way that stagnation layers allow.

Download or read book Remote Compositional Analysis written by Janice L. Bishop and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of the spectroscopic, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques used in planetary remote sensing.

Download or read book Imaging and Spectroscopy of Laser Produced Annular Plasmas written by Ben Delaney and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a commonly used analytical technique for both qualitative elemental identification and quantitative concentration determination in various academic and industrial fields. The ultimate performance of LIBS is dependent on the signal to background ratio (SBR) of the spectra which are acquired from a sample and is quantified as the limit of detection (LOD) of the technique. A significant body of work has already been reported in the literature aimed at lowering of the LOD of LIBS. This work includes investigations into the effects of; laser fluence, wavelength and pulse length as well as space and time optimization, along with double pulse plasma formation and reheating arrangements. The aim of the work presented here is to generate and investigate the stagnation layer formed in vacuo, at the centre of an annular plasma, and to employ it in a LIBS experiment on trace Cu in Al. This is achieved by retrofitting a single optical element, namely an axicon, to the focusing lens normally used for point plasma formation. Spatially and temporally resolved imaging and spectroscopy are employed to track the formation and evolution of a stagnation layer at the centre of an annular plasma. Comparisons of these imaging and spectroscopy measurements are drawn with those obtained for a stagnation layer formed between two point seed plasmas, as well as for single laser produced plasma. An off axis parabolic mirror was used to carry out imaging and spectroscopy along the plasma expansion axis, normal to the target. A simple relay lens system was used for imaging and spectroscopy parallel to the target surface. The former is, to the best of my knowledge, the first time such an investigation into stagnation layers has been undertaken. The targets used were slabs of aluminium with trace amounts of copper. Point, dual colliding and annular colliding plasmas were investigated to determine their relative merits in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. It found that the limit-of-detection for trace amounts of Cu in Al is lowest for annular plasmas formed at low laser pulse energies of ca. 25 - 30 mJ.