Download or read book Etiology of Parkinson s Disease written by Jonas H. Ellenberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-03-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference provides a detailed overview of current concepts regarding the cause of Parkinson's disease-emphasizing the issues involved in the design, implementation, and analysis of epidemiological studies of parkinsonism.
Download or read book Parkinson s Disease written by Patrik Verstreken and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson’s Disease: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pathology explores the molecular pathways at the basis of the cellular defects connected to Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and the most common movement disorder. This book presents the latest research on the pathways and mechanisms that have been discovered to play a role in Parkinson's pathology. This focus on mechanisms rather than individual genes allows the contributors to elaborate on overlapping and joint functions of different causative genes. Readers will find descriptions of model systems that present parallels (and differences) between discoveries in different species, demonstrating the importance of multidisciplinary research that spans a broad array of technologies and model organisms. Written from both a cross-methodology and cross-species perspective, the book provides readers with the current state of knowledge on the molecular biology of Parkinson’s. Written by experts in the field that focus on pathways and mechanisms implicated in Parkinson’s pathology Draws parallels between multidisciplinary discoveries in different model organisms using an array of technologies Provides a cross-methodology and cross-species approach to understanding the molecular biology of Parkinson’s disease Includes approximately 25 color Illustrations and diagrams to explain concepts and models Focuses on key pathways and mechanisms (as opposed to model organism or gene) to provide a multidisciplinary approach to Parkinson’s disease
Download or read book Parkinson s Disease Environment and Genes written by Joan M. Cranmer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Genetic and Environmental Effects on Parkinson s Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson’s disease is a widespread and prominent disease affecting many individuals world-wide. Though familial Parkinson’s disease is one way in which the disease manifests itself, genetics only seems to successfully explain 15-25% of all known Parkinson’s disease cases. Therefore, it has been concluded that other causes must exist. In contrast to familial Parkinson’s disease, sporadic Parkinson’s disease is thought to stem from both genetic and environmental factors. There is a vast amount of literature surrounding the effects that many environmental metals and toxicants can have on both the manifestation and exacerbation of this neurodegenerative disease.
Download or read book The Relative Contributions of Genetic and Environmental Factors to the Cause of Parkinson s Disease written by Caroline Margaret Tanner and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 LRRK2 written by Hardy J. Rideout and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to assemble the leading researchers in the field of LRRK2 biology and neurology and provide a snapshot of the current state of knowledge, encompassing all major aspects of its function and dysfunction. The contributors are experts in cell biology and physiology, neurobiology, and medicinal chemistry, bringing a multidisciplinary perspective on the gene and its role in disease. The book covers the identification of LRRK2 as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. It also discusses the current state of the field after a decade of research, putative normal physiological roles of LRRK2, and the various pathways that have been identified in the search for the mechanism(s) of its induction of neurodegeneration.
Download or read book Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer s Disease written by Ralph N. Martins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the impact of diet, exercise, genetics, and hormones on the risk and development of Alzheimer’s and other neurogenerative diseases Diet is widely known to impact on neurological function. Nevertheless, academic texts discussing this relationship are relatively few in number. This book therefore fills an important gap in the current literature. Opening with an overview of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, the text then focuses on explaining the means by which glycemic control and lipid metabolism – and associated nutritional and lifestyle variables – may factor into such disorders’ prevention and treatment. An international group of experts in the fields of food science and neurodegeneration have contributed chapters that examine Alzheimer’s disease within a broad range of contexts. Offering dietary, genetic, and hormonal perspectives, the authors explore topics ranging from sugar consumption to digestive fermentation, and Alzheimer’s disease animal models to the cognition-enhancing effects of physical exercise. Also included are overviews of the latest research into current and developing methods of treatment and diagnosis, as well as differential diagnostics. This groundbreaking book: Explores how glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and high intake of refined carbohydrates are linked to Alzheimer's disease Discusses how genetic makeup can impact risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease Examines cognitive changes in neurodegeneration, lists current tests for determining cognitive impairment, and provides information concerning differential diagnosis Discusses potential advantages of increasing antioxidant and micronutrient intake Reviews hormonal influences on neurodegeneration Examines the links between protein intake and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease is an essential resource for researchers, medical practitioners, dietitians, and students with an interest in neurological diseases and their diagnosis and risk factors, as well as diet-related conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Lifestyle and diet influence neurodegeneration risk, and a better understanding of this evidence amongst health professionals will hopefully lead to greater public awareness of how to reduce the likelihood of these widespread conditions.
Download or read book Diagnosis and Management in Parkinson s Disease written by Colin R Martin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diagnosis and Management in Parkinson's Disease: The Neuroscience of Parkinson’s, Volume 1 provides a single source of material covering different scientific domains of neuropathology underlying this condition. The book covers a wide range of subjects and unravels the complex relationships between genetics, molecular biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, neurobiology, imaging, assessments, and treatment regimens. It fills a much-needed gap as a "one-stop" synopsis of everything concerning the neurology and neuroscience related to Parkinson’s disease, from chemicals and cells to individuals. The book is an invaluable resource for neuroscientists, neurologists, and anyone in the field. Offers the most comprehensive coverage of a broad range of topics related to Parkinson's disease Serves as a foundational collection for neuroscientists and neurologists on the biology of disease and brain dysfunction Contains in each chapter an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding Features preclinical and clinical studies to help researchers map out key areas for research and further clinical recommendations Serves as a "one-stop" source for everything you need to know about Parkinson’s disease
Download or read book Investigation of Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors in the Development of Parkinson s Disease Utilizing the Model Organism written by Hanna Kim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main features of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the presence of alpha-synuclein (a-syn) inclusions known as Lewy Bodies. Over 90% of PD cases are sporadic while the remaining 5-10% have been associated with a genetic cause. It is thought that the environment, or a combination of environment and genetic factors, might lead to the loss of DA neurons in most sporadic PD cases. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the development of DA neurodegeneration where both environmental and genetic contributors can be a source for mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurons are highly vulnerable to environmental and genetic factors that contribute to mitochondrial damage due to their high energy demands. Therefore, when these organelles are damaged, it can lead to disruption of mitochondrial homeostatic mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and cell death pathways, which can ultimately manifest as DA neurodegeneration. Using genetics and cell biology in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a PD animal model, we demonstrated mechanistic insights of gene by environmental interaction on mitochondrial homeostatic mechanisms in response to a bacterial secondary metabolite from a common soil bacteria, Streptomyces venezuelae (S. ven). We found that the S. ven metabolite disrupts protein homeostasis through impairment of the ubiquitin proteasome system, mitophagy alteration, and glutathione homeostasis interruption. Furthermore, metabolite exposure causes an imbalance in mitochondrial fission and fusion that results in mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial DNA damage, leading to DA neurodegeneration. Acknowledging that not all DA neuronal vulnerability comes from environmental exposures, the role of a small GTPase, RAC1 (ced-10 in C. elegans), was investigated. This protein normally functions in cytoskeletal extension and the phagocytosis of dead cells or engulfment; here, it was found to maintain DA neurons in the presence of a-syn in both C. elegans and human cell culture models. Specifically, a ced-10/Rac1 mutant, or depletion of ced-10 by RNAi, caused increase of a-syn accumulation and DA neurodegeneration. Overexpression of ced-10/Rac1 reduced ced-10 depletion in C. elegans as well as in cell lines. Taken together, experimental findings with both gene backgrounds (Rac1/ced-10) and environmental exposures (S. ven) and provide insight into mechanisms underlying DA neuron cell death and the pathogenesis of PD.
Download or read book Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Susceptibility and Progression in Parkinson s Disease written by Kimberly Carol Paul and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and has a complex multifactorial etiology, likely involving not only exposure to environmental toxins but also an underlying genetic susceptibility. Several major molecular pathways are implicated in PD pathogenesis; many, including impaired ubiquitin-proteasome system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, involve oxidative stress as an underlying mechanism. Further, the course and severity of symptom progression is highly variable, and oxidative stress related pathways may be involved in symptom progression. Widely used organophosphate (OP) pesticides can induce oxidative stress and are reported to increase PD risk, and may be involved in symptom progression. Additionally, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the PON1 gene influence the ability to metabolize OPs. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes are candidates for PD because NOS enzymes produce nitric oxide (NO), a pro-oxidant that can damage neurons. The NFE2L2 and PPARGC1 genes encode for important transcription factors that activate multiple antioxidant defense mechanisms in response to oxidative stress. In the Parkinson's Environment and Gene (PEG) case control study, we investigated 8 NOS SNPs and interactions with both household and ambient agricultural OP exposures assessed with geographic information system (GIS) and PD susceptibility with logistic regression models. In the patient only cohort, we employed repeated-measures regression to assess associations between ambient OP exposure and/or PON1 L55M genotypes and symptom progression. And finally, we investigated the influence of haplotypes for NFE2L2 and PPARGC1 and their interactions with exposures to the pesticides maneb and paraquat (MB/PQ) on PD occurrence (using logistic regression models) and also on progression of motor symptoms and cognitive decline in patients followed prospectively (repeated measures models). In comparing PD in homozygous variant carriers of NOS2A rs1060826 versus homozygous wildtype or heterozygotes, we estimate an adjusted OR of 1.51 (95% CI=0.95, 2.41). When considering interactions between NOS1 rs2682826 and OP exposure from household use, the OR for frequent OP use alone 1.30 (95% CI=0.72, 2.34) and for the CT+TT genotype alone 0.89 (95% CI= 0.58, 1.39), and frequent OP use combined with the CT+TT genotype was 2.84 (95% CI=1.49, 5.40) (interaction p-value 0.04). Similar results were seen for ambient OP exposure. Interactions between OP exposure and 3 other NOS1 SNPs and a genetic risk score combining all NOS1 SNPs reached statistical significance. High OP exposures were associated with faster progression of both motor (UPDRS=0.002) and cognitive scores (MMSE p=0.008). The PON1 55MM genotype was associated with worse cognitive scores and faster progression of motor (UPDRS=0.01) and depressive symptoms (GDS p=0.008). We also found the PON1 L55M variant to interact with OP exposures in influencing MMSE cognitive scores (p=0.02). Two NFE2L2 haplotypes were associated with significant increases in the risk of developing PD (p
Download or read book Parkinsonism and the Environment written by Nikolay M. Filipov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-18 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The book is comprised of individual reviews with the common goal of providing up-to-date state of the knowledge information on the role the environment plays in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism. The reviews focus on recent advances in the quest of deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms of parkinsonian dysfunction, highlight specific emerging dopaminergic toxicants and an alternative experimental model to study the link between environmental exposures and parkinsonism, and provide an update from epidemiological and experimental points of view related to the pesticide exposures and parkinsonism/Parkinson’s Disease association. Foremost experts in their respective fields are the senior authors on each chapter and the book fills a critical void that now exists as a book of similar nature has not been published in the last 15 years. Researchers and clinicians with an interest in Parkinson's Disease and related disorders, as well as toxicologists, graduate students, and the general public who are interested in the contribution of environmental factors to neurological dysfunction are among the readership for this book.”
Download or read book Studies of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Parkinson s Disease written by Karin Wirdefeldt and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Association Analysis of Gene environment Interactions in the PON Region in Late onset Sporadic Parkinson s Disease written by Nirupama Shridhar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: The PON region (7q21.3-7q22), comprising the three PON genes, PON1, PON2, and PON3, has been assessed for its role as a potential gene for risk susceptibility in Parkinson's Disease (PD). The gene products, the three different paraoxonase enzymes, hydrolyze organophosphates. Three environmental factors, namely, cigarette smoking, coffee, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) have shown to be inversely associated with risk of developing PD. No prior studies have evaluated Gene-Environment Interactions (GxE) between genes in the PON region and these established risk factors with PD. Further, this genetic epidemiologic project also raises questions about return of research results, particularly if evidence supports evidence for interactions between genetic variability and potentially modifiable environmental factors, such as cigarette smoking, coffee consumption and NSAID use. Methods: Case-Control Association Study was conducted using data from the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium (NGRC) which includes 2000 PD cases and 1986 unrelated controls (n= 3986). The dataset, includes genotype information for the PON locus (n= 467) and three the environmental factors (cigarette smoking, coffee, and NSAID's use). Results: No interactions were statistically significant once the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing was made. However, of the top hit SNP's from each of the models (smoking, coffee and NSAID's), two SNP's rs705379 (OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.11) and rs75071114 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.23, 1.58), are cSNP's of uncertain significance on PON2 and PON1 respectively. Conclusion: This is the first assessment of interactions between variants in the PON region and cigarette smoking, coffee, and NSAID's. While the results of this study did not provide support for statistically significant interactions, it does raise additional issues about the need for dialog by the various stakeholders to formulate policy around offering return of individual research results for findings that are of uncertain clinical significance, and possessing more personal utility than clinical.
Download or read book Clinical Trials In Parkinson s Disease written by Santiago Perez-Lloret and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at major clinical trials for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and covers important aspects, including trial design, sample selection, and outcome selection. Chapters in this book discuss topics such as toxin-based rodent or genetic models of PD; clinical trials for motor symptoms, L-DOPA related motor complications, and gait disorders; clinical trials for mood disorders, troubled sleep, autonomic dysfunction; and clinical trials for disease modifying therapies. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory or research center. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Clinical Trials in Parkinson’s Disease is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers who want to enhance their interpretation of results from clinical trials and to design their own high-quality trials.
Download or read book Dementia with Lewy Bodies written by John O'Brien and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling a noticeable gap in the market for a new text solely focused on Dementia with Lewy Bodies, this book discusses cutting-edge topics covering the condition from diagnosis to management, as well as what is known about the neurobiological changes involved. With huge progress having been made over the last decade in terms of the disorder
Download or read book Ib Olsen kunstner written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Mechanistic Analyses of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Parkinson s Disease Using a Caenorhabditis Elegans Model written by Arpita Ray and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. There exists a common theme across the etiological spectrum of PD, where these factors have the ability to cause nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) cell death by interfering with mitochondrial function, inducing oxidative stress and altering proteosomal function. The protein & alpha;-synuclein (& alpha;-syn) that forms characteristic inclusions termed Lewy bodies in familial or sporadic forms of PD is thought to play a central role in PD pathology. Due to the absence of an effective treatment for PD progression, it is necessary to identify various genetic or environmental modifiers to advance drug discovery and therapeutic development. Animal models like Caenorhabditis elegans are often preferable for experimental research in the study of neurodegenerative diseases as this microscopic nematode combines ease of handling and manipulation, high reproductive rates and facilitation of large-scale experiments. Reminiscent of the situation observed in PD patients, expression of PD associated genetic factors or exposure to environmental neurotoxicants causes various phenotypes in worms such as, robust cell-type specific DA neurodegeneration, occurrence of protein misfolding/aggregates and associated behavioral/locomotion defects. These parameters can be analyzed and quantified, thus rendering the nematode model useful for uncovering mechanistic aspects of PD pathology, including genetic or environmental factors, or interactions affecting neurodegeneration. Using C. elegans as an environmental model system, we elucidated the toxicological effects and mechanism for two different classes of bacterial metabolites in causing neurodegeneration/PD related phenotypes. We demonstrated that a previously identified bacterial neurotoxic metabolite produced by Streptomyces spp. caused neuronal cell death as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in worms. Interestingly, the neurotoxic effect of this metabolite was enhanced in the presence of & alpha;-syn, indicating a functional association. Our study highlights the toxic phenotypes of another group of bacterial products, phenazines, which enhanced & alpha;-syn-induced protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in worms. We also determined that phenazine compounds upregulated cellular stress responses in the ER and mitochondria, thus representing a potential PD-related environmental risk factor. Finally, using C. elegans as a genetic model system for PD, we have reported a previously uncharacterized neuroprotective gene product, RTCB-1 that has the ability to regulate xbp-1 mRNA splicing in the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR). Using cell-specific RNA interference (RNAi), we have shown that RTCB-1 rescues & alpha;-syn-induced DA neurodegeneration by regulating XBP-1 signaling and activating downstream chaperones in the UPR; thus mitigating the toxic effects caused by accumulation of unwanted proteins. The combined outcomes of this research represent mechanistic advances in our understanding of factors, both heritable and environmental, that exert an influence on neurodegeneration. The evolutionarily conserved pathways and functional targets revealed through this work highlight the expeditious manner by which C. elegans can be exploited to accelerate the path toward attenuating devastating diseases like PD.
