Download or read book Pakistan s Nuclear Proliferation Activities and the Recommendations of the 9 11 Commission U S Policy Constraints and Options written by Richard P. Cronin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In calling for a clear, strong, and long-term commitment to support the military dominated government of Pakistan despite serious concerns about that country s nuclear proliferation activities, The Final Report of the 9/11 Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States cast into sharp relief two long-standing contradictions in U.S. policy towards Pakistan and South Asia. First, in over fifty years, the United States and Pakistan have never been able to align their national security objectives except partially and temporarily. Pakistan s central goal has been to gain U.S. support to bolster its security against India, whereas the United States has tended to view the relationship from the perspective of its global security interests. Second, U.S. nuclear nonproliferation objectives towards Pakistan (and India) repeatedly have been subordinated to other U.S. goals. During the 1980s, Pakistan successfully exploited its importance as a conduit for aid to the anti-Soviet Afghan mujahidin to deter the application of U.S. nuclear nonproliferation law. Not only did Pakistan develop its nuclear weapons capability while receiving some $600 million annually in U.S. military and economic aid, but some of the erstwhile mujahidin came to form the core of Al Qaeda and Taliban a decade later. Congress has endorsed and funded for FY2005 a request from the Bush Administration for a new five-year, $3 billion, package of U.S. economic and military assistance to Pakistan. Some Members of Congress and policy analysts have expressed concern that once again the United States will be constrained from addressing serious issues concerning Pakistan s nuclear activities by the need for Islamabad s help this time to capture or kill members of Al Qaeda and the Afghan Taliban.
Download or read book Pakistan s Nuclear Proliferation Activities and the Recommendations of the 9 11 Commission written by Richard P. Cronin and published by . This book was released on 2011-06-25 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Introduction: The 9/11 Commission Report and Long-Standing Contradictions in U.S. Policy Towards Pakistan and South Asia; Antiterrorism Cooperation with a Prime Source of Nuclear Proliferation; Congressional Concerns and Perspectives; (2) Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission; (3) Past as Prologue: Pakistan and the Recurrent Dilemma of Conflicting U.S. Policy Goals: India's 1974 Nuclear Test and the Beginning of the U.S. Policy Dilemma; Key Role of Congress in Shaping Basic U.S. Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy; Alternating U.S. Policy Priorities Towards Pakistan; Failed Efforts to Reconcile U.S. Cold War and Nuclear Proliferation Objectives: The 1985 "Pressler Amendment" and the 1990 Aid Cutoff; India and Pakistan's May 1998 Nuclear Tests and the Decline of Sanctions as a U.S. Nonproliferation Policy Approach; U.S. Policy Reversal After 9/11; (4) Details on Pakistan's Proliferation Activities as of 2005: The A.Q. Khan Network; Other Nuclear Suppliers; Intelligence Issues; Pakistan's Absence in U.S. Intelligence Reports on Proliferation; (5) Role of A.Q. Khan, the Pakistani Government and Military; (6) Issues Concerning the Viability of the Musharraf Government As a Long-Term U.S. Security Partner; (7) Policy Discussion: More Constraints Than Options; (8) Legislation. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Pakistan s Nuclear Proliferation Activities and the Recommendations of the 9 11 Commission written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In calling for a clear, strong, and long-term commitment to the militarydominated government of Pakistan despite serious concerns about that country's nuclear proliferation activities, The 9/11 Commission cast into sharp relief two longstanding dilemmas concerning U.S. policy towards Pakistan and South Asia. First, in an often strained security relationship spanning more than five decades, U.S. and Pakistani national security objectives have seldom been congruent. Pakistan has viewed the alliance primarily in the context of its rivalry with India, whereas American policymakers have viewed it from the perspective of U.S. global security interests. Second, U.S. nuclear nonproliferation objectives towards Pakistan (and India) repeatedly have been subordinated to other important U.S. goals. During the 1980s, Pakistan exploited its key role as a conduit for aid to the anti-Soviet Afghan mujahidin to avoid U.S. nuclear nonproliferation sanctions and receive some $600 million annually in U.S. military and economic aid. Underscoring Pakistan's different agenda, some of the radical Islamists favored by its military intelligence service later formed the core of Al Qaeda and the Taliban. A crucial U.S. policy challenge is to gain Pakistani cooperation in shutting down the extensive illicit nuclear supplier network established in the 1990s by the selfdesignated "father" of Pakistan's nuclear bomb, Abdul Qadir Khan, which provided nuclear enrichment technology to Iran, Libya, and North Korea, while at the same time supporting stability in Pakistan and gaining its maximum cooperation against terrorism. To date, the Administration appears largely to have acquiesced in Pakistan's refusal to allow access to Khan by U.S. intelligence officials. The Administration has been equally reluctant to publicly criticize the Musharraf government's apparent use of international arms dealers to obtain controlled U.S. dual-use technology for its own nuclear weapons program, in violation of U.S. law. The 109th Congress has been asked by the Administration to provide some $698 million in military and economic assistance to Pakistan for FY2006, part of a fiveyear, $3 billion aid package. Some Members of Congress have expressed concern that, as during the 1980s, the urgent need for Pakistan's cooperation will prevent the Administration from dealing forcefully with its nuclear proliferation activities, and have introduced legislation that seeks to make U.S. assistance contingent on Pakistan's cooperation on nuclear proliferation. This report: (1) briefly recounts previous failed efforts to reconcile American nuclear nonproliferation and other security objectives regarding Pakistan; (2) documents A.Q. Khan's role, whether with or without official involvement, in supplying nuclear technology to "rogue" states and how these activities escaped detection by U.S. intelligence agencies; (3) considers issues regarding the objectives, and viability of the military-dominated government of President Pervez Musharraf; and, (4) outlines and evaluates several U.S. options for seeking to gain more credible cooperation from Pakistan's regarding its nuclear activities while still maintaining effective counterterrorist cooperation. This report will not be further updated.
Download or read book After the Tests written by and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 1998 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Independent Task Force report recommends that the immediate objectives of U.S. foreign policy should be to encourage India and Pakistan to cap their nuclear capabilities and to reinforce the effort to stem nuclear weapons proliferation.
Download or read book Pakistan s Nuclear Disorder written by Garima Singh and published by Lancer Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-proliferation concerns have often been shrugged off by nations for short-term and short-sighted strategic interests. The present relationship between Pakistan and the US is a case in point. Though a member of the NPT, coupled with non-proliferation as its foreign policy, the US has been turning a blind eye to Pakistan's long and avid quest for nuclear weapons - primarily to serve its own short-term strategic interests in the region. Pakistan, well aware of this, has exploited the situation to full. The focus of this work is to determine whether the Western experts' apprehensions on the safety and security of Pakistan's nuclear installations and fissile material are well founded or an exaggeration. The decades-old nuclear trade between Pakistan and other countries has also been discussed with a view to highlighting the fact that A. Q. Khan's proliferation linkages did not come as a surprise to the US, emphasizing the point that Washington had been turning a blind eye to the nuclear linkages and programmes for its own strategic interests. The study also holds that NPT has been unsuccessful in controlling nuclear proliferation and suggests ways to curb further proliferation.
Download or read book South Asia and the Nuclear Future written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. policy toward the nuclearization of India and Pakistan has shifted from sanctions and rollback to reluctant acceptance of their nuclear status. The United States now seeks to ensure that India and Pakistan become responsible nuclear powers and is emphasizing cooperative measures to prevent war, secure weapons and material from terrorist theft, and stop the further spread of nuclear weapons. Analyses of Indian and Pakistani nuclear behavior must consider the domestic political motivations of key decisionmakers and not just national security interests. Nuclear weapons in South Asia have both precipitated one limited war (Kargil 1999) and prevented another (the 2001-02 crisis). The lessons learned from these events in New Delhi and Islamabad may be dissimilar. India and Pakistan might be willing to cooperate with the broader nuclear nonproliferation regime, even if they cannot join the NPT as nuclear-weapons states. Such a step could be essential in bolstering efforts to prevent illicit nuclear assistance to new proliferating nations. The strategic effects of a potential Indian missile defense deployment are highly uncertain. The United States, India, and Pakistan have mutual interests in preventing nuclear terrorism, which could lead to deeper cooperation among the three countries.
Download or read book Challenges and Importance of Nuclear Security A Case Study of Pakistan written by Ahmad Sabat and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - Region: Far East, Quaid I Azam University (Department of Defense and Strategic Studies), course: Seminar on Cureent Issues, language: English, abstract: The researcher has tried to look into the issue of the Security of Pakistan’s Nuclear Assets objectively. The day Pakistan has become the nuclear power; it has been under stressful situation. It has to face different threats, from inside as well as from outside. Pakistan, being the sole Muslim nuclear power, has perturbed the sleep of many foreign forces. She is the target of different open and concealed intrigues which are weakening her stance on nuclear issue. Pakistan possesses a full range of activities relating to nuclear weapons. It is capable to produce heavy water, enrich uranium and plutonium and manufacture nuclear weapons. It has also a full developed missile program. No doubt they are great assets and contribute much to buttress the defence of Pakistan. But at the same time, she is in the hot water for committing the dauntless deed of having a nuclear arsenal. However, some un-thoughtful acts of nuclear proliferation and rise of militancy have raised many concerns about the security of Pakistan’s nuclear asset. Unfortunately, the northern areas of Pakistan are the bedrock of Al-Qaeda’s militants. These militants claim of having nuclear material. All these factors are seen as great threat for world peace. Post 9/11 scenario has created an upheaval in our social, cultural, political and economic set-up. The clue of any terror event that takes place anywhere in the world is traced back in Pakistan. Therefore, the world powers express their deep anxiety regarding the security of Pakistan’s nuclear assets. These fears and anxieties are not baseless. A. Q. Khan Network’s involvement in nuclear proliferation and secondly some of our scientists alleged meeting with Osama-bin-Laden have raised many questions regarding the security of Pakistan’s assets. A gory wave of terrorism has grilled the country. Extremism and sectarianism have distorted the pretty face of Islam and Pakistan. Different terrorist groups have been playing a ruinous game in the name of Jihad. They are hell-bent to disparage the integrity of Pakistan. These are the facts and call for serious and effective steps by the stakeholders to foil all these dirty designs. Any laxity in this matter would be very fatal for the life of Pakistan. America and other world powers have been forcing Pakistan to sign CTBT and NPT. These powers have been urging Pakistan to cap her nuclear programme. India-Israel malicious designs about Pakistan’s nuclear program are an open secret.
Download or read book Pakistan and the Bomb written by Samina Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan and the Bomb democratizes the debate over nuclear weapons in South Asia by highlighting a new generation of young Pakistani authors. The chapters in the book examine the nuclear policy choices facing Pakistan, from nuclear abstinence to outright weaponization, and apply the findings of the public opinion poll to evaluate a level of popular support for each option.
Download or read book Pakistan Nuclear Programs and Projects Handbook Strategic Information and Regulations written by IBP USA and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan Nuclear Programs and Projects Handbook
Download or read book Pakistan s Nuclear Future written by Henry D. Sokolski and published by Strategic Studies Institute. This book was released on 2009 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unfortunately, a nuclear terrorist act is only one-- and hardly the most probable-- of several frightening security threats Pakistan now faces or poses. We know that traditional acts of terrorism and conventional military crises in Southwest Asia have nearly escalated into wars and, more recently, even threatened Indian and Pakistani nuclear use. Certainly, the war jitters that attended the recent terrorist attacks against Mumbai highlighted the nexus between conventional terrorism and war. For several weeks, the key worry in Washington was that India and Pakistan might not be able to avoid war. Similar concerns were raised during the Kargil crisis in 1999 and during the Indo-Pakistani conventional military tensions that arose in 2001 and 2002-- crises that most analysts (including those who contributed to this volume) believe could have escalated into nuclear conflicts. The intent of this book is to conduct a significant evaluation of these threats. Its companion volume, Worries Beyond War, published in 2008, focused on the challenges of Pakistani nuclear terrorism. These analyses offer a window into what is possible and why Pakistani nuclear terrorism is best seen as a lesser included threat to war, and terrorism more generally. Could the United States do more with Pakistan to secure Pakistan's nuclear weapons holdings against possible seizure? It is unclear. This book argues that rather than distracting our policy leaders from taking the steps needed to reduce the threats of nuclear war, we would do well to view our worst terrorist nightmares for what they are: subordinate threats that will be limited best if the risk of nuclear war is reduced and contained.--
Download or read book U S Strategy for Pakistan and Afghanistan written by Richard Lee Armitage and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2010 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Council on Foreign Relations sponsors Independent Task Forces to assess issues of current and critical importance to U.S. foreign policy and provide policymakers with concrete judgments and recommendations. Diverse in backgrounds and perspectives, Task Force members aim to reach a meaningful consensus on policy through private and non-partisan deliberations. Once launched, Task Forces are independent of CFR and solely responsible for the content of their reports. Task Force members are asked to join a consensus signifying that they endorse "the general policy thrust and judgments reached by the group, though not necessarily every finding and recommendation." Each Task Force member also has the option of putting forward an additional or a dissenting view. Members' affiliations are listed for identification purposes only and do not imply institutional endorsement. Task Force observers participate in discussions, but are not asked to join the consensus. --Book Jacket.
Download or read book Pakistan s Nuclear Weapons written by Paul K. Kerr and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan¿s nuclear arsenal consists of approx. 60 nuclear warheads, although it could be larger. Islamabad is producing fissile material, adding to related production facilities, and deploying additional delivery vehicles. These steps will enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Islamabad does not have a public, detailed nuclear doctrine, but its ¿minimum credible deterrent¿ is widely regarded as primarily a deterrent to Indian military action. Contents of this report: Background; Nuclear Weapons; Responding to India?; Delivery Vehicles; Nuclear Doctrine; Command and Control; Security Concerns; Proliferation Threat; and Pakistan¿s Response to the Proliferation Threat.
Download or read book Bargaining on Nuclear Tests written by Or Rabinowitz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bargaining on Nuclear Tests tells the yet untold story of how Washington under Ronald Reagan's presidency duplicated the nuclear deal on ambiguity reached with Israel in 1969 in its dealings with Pakistan and South Africa in 1981. It puts the story of nuclear tests at the heart of a new Cold War historical narrative.
Download or read book Iran s Influence in Afghanistan written by Alireza Nader and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores Iranian influence in Afghanistan and the implications for the United States after most U.S. forces depart Afghanistan in 2016. Iran has substantial economic, political, cultural, and religious leverage in Afghanistan. Although Iran will attempt to shape a post-2014 Afghanistan, Iran and the United States share core interests: to prevent the country from again becoming dominated by the Taliban and a safe haven for al Qaeda.
Download or read book Deadly Arsenals written by Joseph Cirincione and published by Carnegie Endowment. This book was released on 2005 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative study of the dangers nations face today from weapons of mass destruction and the successes and failures of international nonproliferation efforts. This proliferation atlas documents with maps, charts, and graphs the spread of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and missile delivery systems. The book describes the weapons and the regimes that try to control them; it also details the countries that have, want, or have given up weapons of mass destruction.
Download or read book Preventing Catastrophe written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes a response to the dangerous proliferation of nuclear weapons in India and Pakistan. This paper highlights the threat in "The Nuclear Catastrophe," a gripping projection of the worst-case scenario on the current realities of the Indian subcontinent. Written a year after the "catastrophe," it vividly describes the events leading up to the disaster as well as the grim aftermath of a South Asian nuclear war. The remainder of the paper looks at US regional objectives and suggests how they might be achieved. The author proposes a regional proliferation regime that realistically addresses the threat and moves the United States to a pragmatic approach to manage and limit the ongoing proliferation in South Asia. At present, India and Pakistan possess only marginal strategic delivery capabilities, and the tensions between them remain at the "simmering" stage. The United States is pursuing closer relations with India with tangible success, but its relations with Pakistan have soured over the last 10 years and reached a low point following the military coup of October 1999. The author believes this imbalance contributes to regional instability and leaves disturbing questions on the horizon. Can the United States help prevent the deployment of nuclear weapon systems in India and Pakistan? How does the United States help prevent the spread of nuclear weapons technology to less friendly, perhaps even hostile, countries? Can Washington prevent either India or Pakistan, or both, from turning hostile to the United States?
Download or read book Unthinkable written by Kenneth Pollack and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-09-10 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s foremost expert on Middle Eastern relations examines Iran’s current nuclear potential and charts America’s future course of action.
