Download or read book Optimization of Ultrasonic Flow Meters for Crude Oil Metering written by Isaac Kuma Yeboah and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optimization of liquid ultrasonic flow meter through modelling and simulation using the Reynolds and Nusselt number, is both a textbook and reference that engineers and technicians will want in their personal libraries. The three main objectives are: 1. A multipath meter with an integration method of velocity profile correction, to improve performance on high viscosity low Reynolds numbers applications. 2. Robustness in correcting asymmetric axial flow velocity profiles. 3. Compensation transverse flow components. Features include techniques such as velocity profile correction, accurate measurement at the lower flow range are shown in simulations.The type of oil samples which were considered are Light, Medium, Brad Penn, Heavy and Extra heavy oils. The use of analogies for modeling fluid flow, thermal and mechanical components. A brief introduction to computational fluid dynamics is presented, while any intelligent computer-literate person can run a CFD code.

Download or read book Optimization of an Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Binary Mixtures written by Gennaro Bozza and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-12 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluid dynamic design of a new acoustic flow meter is shown in this work. The acoustic flow meter is a new addition to the ATLAS silicon tracker cooling system. ATLAS is one of the 7 experiments at the LHC particle collider at CERN. In this instrument, which can also operate with binary mixtures, ultrasonic sound waves are produced with special transducers, and sound transit times are continuously measured in opposite directions in flowing gas for continuous real-time measurement of both the gas binary mixture ratio and the flow rate. Three geometries of the flow meter were studied through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques: the pinched axial geometry, the open axial geometry and the angled geometry. The optimal configurations, in terms of both measurement reliability and pressure drop in the device were found, and the results are shown in this work. The angled geometry was chosen and, after a short prototyping phase, is now successfully operating.

Download or read book Optimisation of an Ultrasonic Flow Meter Based on Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Ultrasound Propagation written by Neil Colin Temperley and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Ultrasonic Flowmeters written by Michal Bezdek and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's most popular technology of ultrasonic flow measurement is based on the transit time principle. In this work, a numerical simulation technique applicable to the analysis and optimization of transit time flowmeters is presented. A flowmeter represents a large simulation problem which also requires computation of acoustic fields in moving media. For this purpose, a novel boundary integral method, the Helmholtz integral-ray tracing method (HIRM), is derived and validated. For simulation of practical acoustic devices, a hybrid simulation scheme consisting of the finite element method (FEM) and HIRM is proposed. It is demonstrated that the FEM-HIRM scheme enables an accurate and efficient simulation of a complete transit time flowmeter. In an industrial environment, the new simulation technique can be applied to accelerate the traditional experimental-based design of ultrasonic flowmeters.

Download or read book Optimisation of an Ultrasonic Flow Meter Based on Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Flow and Ultrasound Propagation written by Neil Colin Temperley and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On Ultrasonic Flow Meters written by Jerker Delsing and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Application of Optimization Techniques to the Design of Ultrasonic Transit time Flowmeters written by Christopher J. Duffell and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimization of the Ultrasonic Transducers for Cross correlation Flowmeters written by Saul Abraham Jacobson and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multiphase Flow Metering written by Gioia Falcone and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two decades the development, evaluation and use of MFM systems has been a major focus for the Oil & Gas industry worldwide. Since the early 1990's, when the first commercial meters started to appear, there have been around 2,000 field applications of MFM for field allocation, production optimisation and well testing. So far, many alternative metering systems have been developed, but none of them can be referred to as generally applicable or universally accurate. Both established and novel technologies suitable to measure the flow rates of gas, oil and water in a three-phase flow are reviewed and assessed within this book. Those technologies already implemented in the various commercial meters are evaluated in terms of operational and economical advantages or shortcomings from an operator point of view. The lessons learned about the practical reliability, accuracy and use of the available technology is discussed. The book suggests where the research to develop the next generation of MFM devices will be focused in order to meet the as yet unsolved problems. The book provides a critical and independent review of the current status and future trends of MFM, supported by the authors’ strong background on multiphase flow and by practical examples. These are based on the authors’ direct experience on MFM, gained over many years of research in connection with both operators and service companies. As there are currently no books on the subject of Multiphase Flow Metering for the Oil & Gas industry, this book will fill in the gap and provide a theoretical and practical reference for professionals, academics, and students. * Written by leading scholars and industry experts of international standing* Includes strong coverage of the theoretical background, yet also provides practical examples and current developments* Provides practical reference for professionals, students and academics

Download or read book Investigation of Performance of an Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Potential Molten Salt Reactor Applications written by Michael Andrew Pantano and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molten salts for nuclear reactor applications are not a new idea, as these were investigated at Oak Ridge National Lab in the 1960s. However, the past decade or so has seen a large increase in the interest of these, with a variety of designs proposed. The high volumetric heat capacity is of great appeal, as is the low pressure operation with a several hundred degree Celsius margin to boiling. A wide range of passive safety features have also been proposed. However, no matter what the design, there is a need to measure the flow rate of the salt during operation. The nature of the salt greatly complicates the use of a flow meter that must be submerged in the salt. Ultrasonic flow meters have been used for decades with a variety of fluids. These clamp on the outside of the pipe and send an ultrasonic pulse through the pipe from one transducer to another to measure the flow rate. Unfortunately, these have never been used in conjunction with molten salts at the temperatures necessary for nuclear reactor designs. The high temperature of the molten salt presents a problem, as the transducers must be kept cooler. To facilitate this, a thin metal sheet, known as a Wave Injector, was designed to keep the transducer away from the pipe wall and to carry the pulse from the transducer to the pipe. Prior to testing this system on a molten salt facility, it was tested on a water loop to characterize its behavior in a known environment and help inform future design and testing with the molten salt. The bulk of the testing was done in comparing the flow rate measured by the ultrasonic flow meter with that from a reference, electromagnetic flow meter. While the measurements from both agreed well overall, there was significantly better agreement above 7 GPM than below. The ultrasonic flow meter did exhibit good linearity, giving a predictable response for a known change in flow rate. Other testing related to the installation and set-up of the ultrasonic flow meter. Unlike a more traditional flow meter, the ultrasonic flow meter can be configured in a range of ways. It was determined that, as predicted, having the ultrasonic signal take more paths through the fluid produced more precise flow rate data. Additionally, silver was found to be material of choice to go between the piping and the Wave Injector on the molten salt facility, to promote transfer of the pulse from one to the other. These design and configure settings have helped to inform aspects of the molten salt facility, such as tank size. Additionally, testing with and without the Wave Injector provides an anticipation of the spread in data that will be seen on the molten salt facility. Going forward, some additional tests can be done with flowing water to further evaluate configuration options, however the bulk of testing will be with molten salt. Most tests will be similar to those done with the water loop in this study, with either a single path or multipath configuration. Other tests will need to be done to examine the impact of averaging flow rate data on the spread of measurements as well as the loss of temporal resolution. The intended reactor applications should help inform the acceptable resolution in time for safety purposes. Overall, the ultrasonic flow meter performed well and has shown promise with respect to its use as a flow meter for molten salt measurements.

Download or read book Ultrasonic Flow Measurement for Pipe Installations with Non ideal Conditions written by Devin M. Stoker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the arid west, water is among the most valuable of resources. Typically, in order to successfully and accurately measure a flow rate using most types of flow meters, it is recommended that a straight section of pipe be installed immediately upstream from the flow meter to avoid distorted flow patterns and extreme turbulence at the metering location. In many field piping situations, however, such flow conditions are impossible to achieve. The performance of ultrasonic flow meters in non-ideal piping scenarios was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics models. A Fuji PortaflowX clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flow meter was calibrated in the laboratory and performed well within the manufacturer's stated level of accuracy of [plus or minus] 1% for straight pipe. The ultrasonic flow meter was also used downstream of a single 12-inch long-radius elbow and the error in flow measurement resulting from the flow disturbance was measured. These tests were performed at four locations downstream of the elbow, at three orientations on the circumference of the pipe, and for three flow rates with Reynolds numbers ranging from 250,000 to 750,000. Using the same physical conditions, numerical models were built that utilized the realizable k- [epsilon] eddy viscosity model for turbulent flows. The resulting downstream velocity profiles from the numerical models were used to integrate the velocity of the flow across the ultrasonic signal path. The resulting velocity profiles were compared to similar profiles for fully developed flow to determine the error in flow measurement. The ultrasonic flow meter measurement errors downstream of the elbow were always negative, and were found to be as great as -16%. In general, the ultrasonic flow meter performed less accurately closer to the elbow due to the turbulent fluctuations and flow separation created by the elbow. A correction curve was applied to the results of this study, which provided a method to correct the ultrasonic flow measurement. By applying the correction equation to the laboratory ultrasonic flow meter measurements downstream of the elbow, the measurement error was reduced by nearly 90%. Computational Fluid Dynamics appears to be a viable tool for studying flow disturbances and making appropriate corrections for ultrasonic flow measurement in pipes.

Download or read book Analyses of Ultrasonic Flowmeters for Leak Detection in Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipelines written by Stacy E. Gehman and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A program was conducted to determine repeatability and linearity of the ultrasonic time-delay types of flowmeters, so that their applicability to leak detection on underwater pipelines could be assessed. Field tests using merchantable crude oil were conducted on two off-the-shelf, commercially available flowmeters at a refinery meter proving station. These tests showed a short-term repeatability of 0.2 percent for both meters. Long-term (7 hours) repeatability was 0.6 percent for one meter and 2.5 percent for the other. For a leak detection system in which line balance is continually computed and line packing is compensated for, slow drifts in line balance due to drifts of meter factors can be compensated for by periodically adjusting meter factors. For a meter with drift characteristics similar to those measured, a computerized simulation indicates that the probability of detecting a leak greater than 0.6 of the total flow in 10 minutes is greater than 99 percent. The probability of a false alarm for the same conditions is about once per week. (Author).

Download or read book Ultrasonic Measurements for Process Control written by Lawrence C. Lynnworth and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-07-19 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers, scientists, and technologists will find here, for the first time, a clear and comprehensive account of applications of ultrasonics in the field of process control. Using numerous examples of high-volume, low-cost applications, the author illustrates how the use of new transducer materials and designs, combined with microprocessor-based electronics, make technical and financial sense for concepts that only a few years ago might have been of interest only to academicians. Some of the important topics covered include coupling, acoustic isolation, transducer and sensor design, and signal detection in the presence of noise.

Download or read book The Application of an Ultrasonic Flowmeter to Unsteady Flow Measurement written by J. E. Carrington and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Shell Flow Meter Engineering Handbook written by Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference 2018 written by Scott. M. Shemwell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 2nd International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference (IPPTC 2018). The work focuses on petroleum & petrochemical technologies and practical challenges in the field. It creates a platform to bridge the knowledge gap between China and the world. The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience but also promotes the development of scientific research in petroleum & petrochemical technologies. The book will benefit a broad readership, including industry experts, researchers, educators, senior engineers and managers.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Sustainable Development written by Liandong Zhu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Since the emergence of climate and global warming onto the international agenda, research in sustainability has been underpinned by the development in energy and environmental science. Highlighted 30 years ago by the Brundtland Commission, "sustainable development" was defined as: meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This has very much defined the scope and aims of this conference. This conference proceedings book contains the selected papers presented in the 2015 International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD2015) held in September 25-27, 2015, in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The conference positions itself as an international forum for researchers all over the world to come together to share and discuss their findings and contributions in all aspects of sustainability; including theory, methodology and applications covering a wide spectrum of topics and issues. The conference proceedings put together a total of 119 papers in sustainable development, covering issues in environmental, energy, and economical aspects of the subjects."--Provided by publisher