Download or read book Optimal Energy to Total Lys Ratios for Broiler Performance from Day Old to 35 Days of Age written by Franscois Crots and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimal Energy to Lysine Ratio for Performance of Broilers from Day old to 21 Days of Age written by Bilqees Mahomed and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seven day period post hatching is considered critical as it is thought to account for 8-10% of the final body weight of broilers at 40 days of age. The digestive capacity of newly hatched chicks is quite low, and increases with age to support growth. By meeting the nutritional requirements of the young chick, broiler performance may be improved throughout the production cycle by means of carryover effects. Not only will this increase the return of investment on feed costs but will also reduce the negative environmental effects that result from broiler production. Despite models using 21 day old birds having proven to yield better estimates of nutritional requirements during the early feeding phase, birds older than 40 days of age are still widely used in models for determination thereof. This trial was conducted in an effort to identify the optimal dietary energy (metabolisable energy) to protein ratio (expressed on the basis of total lysine) for Ross 308 broiler chicks from 0 to 21 days of age. Birds were provided with 12 treatments comprising of three metabolisable energy (ME) levels (11.31, 12.13 and 12.97 MJ/kg) in combinations with four total lysine (TLys) levels (1.3%, 1.4%, 1.6% and 1.7%). Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Following the experimental feeding phase, all birds were fed the same Grower, Finisher and Post-finisher diets until slaughter at 35 days of age. At day twenty-one of the trial, two male birds were randomly selected from each pen, euthanised and these carcasses were analysed for crude fat, fibre and protein. Body weight, feed intake and mortality were measured on days zero, three, seven, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of the trial. Optimal broiler growth was found at TLys1.4 with no differences between ME levels. However, at the lowest TLys level body weight (BW) improved with every increase in ME level. Body weight gain (BWG) was similarly favoured by TLys1.4 during the experimental feeding phase but an inversed effect was observed in the carryover phase, where improved BWG was noted at high TLys levels and low ME levels. Feed intake (FI) was more influenced by TLys than ME levels, with increased FI when TLys increased from TLys1.3 to 1.4 at ME 11.30 and 12.13. Resultant 35 day feed conversion ratio (FCR) did not improve beyond TLys1.4 and differences due to ME levels were only observed at the lowest and highest TLys levels (ME 11.30 being the least favourable). No treatment effects were observed for mortality. The calculated performance efficiency factor (PEF) of the broilers in this study was maximised at TLys1.4 with no differences between ME levels; however, these results were matched when TLys1.3 was combined with ME 11.30. Carcass fat was observed to decrease with increasing TLys levels across all ME levels and carcass protein conformed to expected trends by increasing with increased TLys levels. Results based on broiler performance suggest that TLys of 1.4% in combination with ME levels as low as 11.30 MJ/kg may be successfully used in the early feeding phase.

Download or read book Determination of Methionine and Lysine Requirements of Growing Broilers Using the Ideal Protein Concept written by Changji Lu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of broiler performance to Lysine (Lys) and Methionine (Met) during the starter, grower, and finisher feeding phases. All the experimental diets were formulated based on the Ideal Protein Concept. Experiment 1 evaluated the responses to Lys and Met on live performance of young broiler chickens from 0 to 18 d of age. The mean amino acid ratios to Lys suggested by literature values were used in the formulation based on the Ideal Protein Concept. Six levels of Lys and eight levels of supplemental Met were used in the diets resulting in a total of 48 experimental treatments. There were significant effects of Lys levels and added Met levels on feed intake (FI), body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P≤0.05). Significant interactions were also observed between Lys and added Met in response to these parameters (P≤0.05). There were differences in the estimated ratios of Met or total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) to Lys required for optimizing FI, BW, and FCR for chicks fed different Lys levels. These results indicated that the optimal ratios of indispensable amino acids to Lys may depend on dietary Lys level in the diet. Experiment 2 evaluated the response to Lys and Met in diets on live performance of young broiler chickens during the grower period of 14-35 d. Experimental diets were designed similarly as the experiment 1 with six levels of Lys and eight levels of supplemental Met. Two consecutive trials using the same experimental diets were conducted with identical design. There were significant effects of dietary Lys levels on FI, BW and FCR (P≤0.05), with optimal Lys level for FI, BW and FCR of 1.20, 1.10 and 1.12, respectively. There were significant effects of added Met levels on BW and FCR (P≤0.05). No significant interactions between Lys and Met were observed based on FI, BW and FCR. There were differences in the estimated ratios of Met or TSAA to Lys required for optimizing FI, BW, and FCR for broiler chickens fed different Lys levels. Results of this study suggest that the response to variation in Lys level is independent of Met level and optimal ratio of Met or TSAA to Lys varies with different dietary Lys level in the diets. Experiment 3 was conducted to evaluate the response to Lys and Met in diets on live performance of broiler chickens during the finisher period of 35-49 d. Similar design as the previous two experiments was used with six levels of Lys and four levels of supplemental Met. There were significant effects of dietary Lys levels on body weight gain (BWG) and FCR, with optimal Lys level for BWG and FCR of 1.01 and 1.05, respectively. There was a significant effect of supplemental Met on FCR. No significant interactions were observed between Lys and supplemental Met for FI, BWG, and FCR. Increasing Lys level significantly improved dressing percentage and breast meat yield. There were differences in the estimated ratios of Met or TSAA to Lys required for optimizing FI, BWG, and FCR for broiler chickens fed different Lys levels. Results of this study suggest that the response to variation in Lys level is independent of Met level in broiler finisher diets and that the ideal amino acid profile may depend on the Lys level in the diets. In conclusion, the ideal ratios of Met and TSAA to Lys based on the Ideal Protein Concept vary for broiler chickens fed different Lys level in the diets at each of the growing phases.

Download or read book Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health written by Guoyao Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health and well-being of individuals. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book The Amino Acid Maintenance and Growth Requirements of Male Broilers written by Milan Hrubý and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Poultry Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Protein and Energy Intake on Body Fat and Growth Rate of Broilers written by Phillip Herbert Hargis and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Poultry Nutrition written by Vincenzo Tufarelli and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.

Download or read book Determining the Optimal DIle dLys Ratio for Ross 708 X Ross YP Male Broilers Throughout Multiple Grow Out Phases Starter Grower and Finisher written by Andrew Taylor Brown and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within commercial broiler production, feed and feed manufacturing costs account for 60 to 70% of production costs. Of these feed costs specifically, ingredients that supply energy and protein represent the highest expenditure, verifying the importance of knowing the nutrient requirements of current broiler strains to ensure accurate least-cost formulation. To reduce these production costs and optimize performance, primary breeder companies and nutritionists continuously strive to improve nutrient utilization of commercial broiler strains. As a result of this, a great magnitude of work is conducted to determine the nutrient requirements for broilers, especially amino acids. Therefore, the overall objective of this dissertation was to utilize processing measurements, multiple statistical models, and economics as a whole to determine the optimal percent digestible Isoleucine:digestible Lysine ratio (dIle:dLys) for Ross 708 x Ross YP male broilers to improve growth performance and economic return. Chapter 2 determined the optimal dIle:dLys ratio for the starter phase (d 0-18), while Chapter 3 determined the optimal ratio for the grower phase (d 14-28), and Chapter 4 determined the optimal ratio for the finisher phase (d 28-42). All experimental diets for each respective growth phase were created from a common deficient corn and soybean meal-based diet. After manufacturing, half was retained to create the summit diet through the addition of crystalline Ile. The remaining five experimental diets for each respective growth phase were obtained by blending proportions of the deficient and summit diets. All dIle:dLys ratios were estimated using quadratic regression (QR; 95% of the asymptote), as well as linear and quadratic broken line models (LBL; QBL). Regression analysis from d 0-18 using multiple regression models estimated the ratios to range from 63-73% for BW and BWG and 68-74% for FCR. Based on the data from the grower phase and using multiple regression models, the estimated ratios ranged from 62-68% for BW and BWG and 67-70% for FCR and are similar to the current breeder nutrient specifications. Data from the finisher phase and once again using multiple regression models estimated the ratios to range from 62-66% for BW and BWG and 63-66% for FCR.

Download or read book Calculating Apparent Metabolisable Energy AME of Different Oils with and Without Lysophospholipids for Broilers written by Zancia Swart and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing raw material costs, feed formulations are becoming more expensive. Formulating a less energy dense diet and adding an emulsifier to improve lipid digestion and absorption is an option to try and decrease feed costs. Different lipid sources are available on the market but due to their unknown quality it is not always certain what the energy value of the lipid source is and this might lead to over or under supplying of energy to the animal. This study evaluated two commonly used lipid sources in South Africa, soya oil and F10 oil (an unsaturated blend of animal fats and vegetable oils with a maximum of 10% FFA content) which were supplied by Energy Oil (165 Tedstone Road, Wadeville, Gauteng). Both oils were chemically analysed and their AME values were calculated with the Wiseman equation corrected for moisture, impurities and unsaponifiables (MIU), before diets were formulated and the effect of the addition of LYSOFORTE EXTEND dry (LEX) on digestible and performance parameters were investigated. A metabolic study in broilers was conducted to investigate the effect of 2 different oil sources (soya oil and F10 oil) and varying dosage levels of LEX on diet digestibility and apparent metabolisable energy (AME). The study contained 10 treatments: 5 treatments included 3% soya oil and LEX at increasing dosages (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 g/kg) and 5 treatments included 3% F10 oil and LEX at increasing dosages (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 g/kg). Diet digestibility parameters were improved for soya oil treatments with the addition of 0.25 g/kg LEX with significant differences for crude protein (CP) digestibility (69.88%), crude fat (EE) digestibility (84.49%) and AME (10.95 MJ/kg). Digestibility parameters for F10 oil treatments were improved with 0.75 g/kg LEX addition, with significant differences for DM digestibility (94.10%) and EE digestibility (84.79%). Following the metabolic study, a 35-day broiler performance trial was conducted to evaluate if the addition of LEX can overcome a 0.42 MJ/kg energy decrease in final feed. The trial included 10 treatments. Five treatments comprised of a basal diet with added soya oil, the positive control contained 3% soya oil (PC) and the negative control (NC) contained 1.8% soya oil with LEX addition at 0, 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75 g/kg, respectively. The other five treatments comprised of a basal diet with added F10 oil, the positive control contained 3% F10 oil (PC) and the negative control (NC) contained 1.8% F10 oil with LEX addition at 0, 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75 g/kg, respectively. Performance parameters including body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly during the trial. Growth parameters for both soya oil and F10 oil treatments were improved with the addition of 0.25 g/kg LEX compared to the NC, and this was more noticeable for the F10 oil treatments. A significant difference was noticed for FCR for F10 oil NC (1.63) and F10 oil NC + 0.25 g/kg LEX (1.59) at the end of the 35-day performance period. It was concluded from the metabolic study that an aÌ22́Ơ¿3on topaÌ22́Ơ℗+ application of LEX at 0.25 g/kg for a soya oil demonstrated an improved CP digestibility, EE digestibility and AME value for these diets. For diets containing a blended oil an improvement was noticed for DM digestibility, and CF digestibility and AME value when 0.75 g/kg LEX was added. It is recommended to use LEX in an aÌ22́Ơ¿3on topaÌ22́Ơ℗+ application at 0.25 g/kg for pure vegetable oils and at 0.75 g/kg for blended oils. For the broiler performance trial, diets were formulated to contain 0.42 MJ/kg less than the PC. Broilers that received soya oil containing diets supplemented with 0.50 g/kg LEX showed a significant improvement in body weight at 28 days of age. Feed conversion ratio at 35 days of age showed a significant with the inclusion of 0.50 g/kg LEX. It is recommended to use LEX in an aÌ22́Ơ¿3on topaÌ22́Ơ℗+ application at 0.50 g/kg for both pure vegetable oils and blended oils during commercial broiler farming.

Download or read book Responses of Two Strains of Broilers to Diets Varying in Essential Amino Acid Density and Energy Levels written by Tyler James Clark and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The responses of two different commercial strains of broilers to diets varying in overall amino acid levels and metabolizable energy levels were observed. Amino acid levels used were 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, 120%, and 130% of Ross recommended minimum digestable levels of essential amino acids. Energy levels used were either below or above Ross recommended metabolizable energy levels. Diets were fed for 56 days. The two strains were a fast growing broiler strain and a slower growing broiler strain. A selection of birds from each pen was processed at 35, 43, and 56 days of age. Average body weights, cumulative weight gain, cumulative feed:gain, carcass weights and yields, parts weights, breast meat yield, and tender yield were negatively impacted by reduction of amino acid levels. Abdominal fat weights and yields were increased when energy levels were increased or amino acid levels decreased. Cumulative feed:gain was improved with increased amino acids in both strains through 35 and 42 days of age, and was improved in slow growing broilers through 56 days of age. Increased energy levels improved cumulative feed:gain at all ages in both strains and increased body weight gains through 35 days of age in fast growing broilers and 42 days of age in slow growing broilers. The results of this experiment suggest that increasing energy and amino acid content of broiler feed, especially in early feed phases, can lead to improved live performance. Increased energy can lead to higher abdominal fat %, but increased amino acid levels can help reduce the percentage abdominal fat.

Download or read book Scott s Nutrition of the Chicken written by Steven Leeson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition represents a total update and revision of all the important aspects of nutrition and metabolism covered previously, together with new chapters on Digestion, and Natural Toxins. The reference material reflects the most recent research conducted in all areas of poultry nutrition and metabolism of the major nutrients. The Chapters on Energy, and Proteins and Amino Acids cover in detail the most recent methods of quantitation and partitioning for maintenance and production. The classical sections on Vitamins and Minerals have been extensively modified to cover all aspects of potential interactions and antagonisms together with consequences of simple or induced deficiencies. The authors have once again produced an important reference text that maintains the standard established by Dr Scott and colleagues. The book is an essential resource for professionals and students involved with nutrition, feeding and health management of the chicken.

Download or read book Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production written by Fulvia Bovera and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the scientific contributions published within the Animals topical collection “Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production”. Originally a Special Issue, it has turned into a permanent collection, with its first article being published in July 2019 and more than 30 published articles a year later: evidence of the great interest from the scientific community regarding the topics addressed. The articles, which are grouped by species (poultry, ruminants, pigs, etc.) and by topic, deal with a wide range of arguments that, first of all, highlight the extraordinary complexity and diversity that exists in the animal production sector, and then, the great influence that nutrition and feeding can have in terms of optimizing the use of environmental resources and improving the welfare of farmed animals. In addition, all this is closely connected with the urgent need to safeguard the resources of the planet on which we live.

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Poultry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic reference for poultry nutrition has been updated for the first time since 1984. The chapter on general considerations concerning individual nutrients and water has been greatly expanded and includes, for the first time, equations for predicting the energy value of individual feed ingredients from their proximate composition. This volume includes the latest information on the nutrient requirements of meat- and egg-type chickens, incorporating data on brown-egg strains, turkeys, geese, ducks, pheasants, Japanese quail, and Bobwhite quail. This publication also contains new appendix tables that document in detail the scientific information used to derive the nutrient requirements appearing in the summary tables for each species of bird.

Download or read book The Role of Chromium in Animal Nutrition written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-11-17 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American feed industry manufactures tons of dietary supplements and additives each year for inclusion in the diets of food-producing animals. Some scientists have suggested that chromium should be a key ingredient in nutritional supplements. Controversy exists, however, over whether chromium sources should be approved as feed additives and whether enough data exist to establish dietary requirements. Chromium use has been suggested to have positive impacts on farm profitability, and many animal health benefits have been attributed to chromium supplementation, including increased longevity; enhanced reproduction; decreased incidence of metabolic disorders, stress effects, and disease; reduced need for antibiotic usage; improved immune response; and lean carcass quality. This book addresses recent research on chromium in animal diets; metabolic interactions between chromium and other nutrients; assessments of form and species interactions; supplementation effects; bioavailability of chromium forms and sources; and effects of diet composition, stressors, and animal physiological status on chromium utilization. It also provides recommendations on the essentiality of dietary chromium in domestic animal species and guidelines for use of dietary chromium.

Download or read book Poultry Production in Hot Climates written by N. J. Daghir and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an overview of the poultry industry in the warm regions of the world and covers research on breeding for heat resistance. And highlights some of the findings on nutrient requirements of chickens and turkeys.