Download or read book On Plutonium Assay of Heavily Contaminated Fuels by Gamma ray Measurements written by V. A. Wichers and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Measurements for Assay of Plutonium Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The data presented summarize experience in obtaining plutonium and americium isotopic data using two systems: a 70 cc Ge(Li) system with 1.8 keV resolution at 1332 keV for acquisition of spectra up to 700 keV gamma-ray energy and a 1 cc planar system with 600 eV resolution at 122 keV for the acquisition of spectra up to 220 keV. Plutonium samples include ash samples with plutonium-240 concentrations of 9 to 20 percent; plutonium metal samples 6 percent--plutonium-240; ZPPR fuel pins; and various waste categories of 6 percent--plutonium-240 material. Nondestructive isotopic ratios obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy are compared to chemical data obtained from these samples.

Download or read book Gamma ray Assay of Plutonium 238 in Waste Cans written by W. W. Strohm and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two techniques are described for assaying the amount of plutonium-238 in cans of contaminated waste by measuring the intensity of the 765-keV gamma-ray from the decay of plutonium-238 with a NaI(Tl) detector. In both techniques, the transmission T of the 765-keV gamma-ray through the waste material in the can is determined from the weight w of the can. The determination of T(w) = 1.04e−0·000̇212w and its very small dependence on the material in the can is described. The first technique is a single-channel analysis of the 765-keV photoelectric peak developed for an in-line assay. For these measurements, one standard deviation is +59% and -14%. The second technique utilizes a multichannel analyzer, and contributions of higher-energy gamma-rays to the 765-keV photoelectric peak are subtracted. The accuracy of this technique is ± 15% at the 95% confidence level when the can contains 0.100 g or more of plutonium- 238.

Download or read book Portable Gamma ray Holdup and Attributes Measurements of High and Variable burnup Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High burnup-plutonium holdup has been assayed quantitatively by low resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The assay was calibrated with four plutonium standards representing a range of fuel burnup and 241Am content. Selection of a calibration standard based on its qualitative spectral similarity to gamma-ray spectra of the process material is partially responsible for the success of these holdup measurements. The spectral analysis method is based on the determination of net counts in a single spectral region of interest (ROI). However, the low-resolution gamma-ray assay signal for the high-burnup plutonium includes unknown amounts of contamination from 241Am. For most needs, the range of calibration standards required for this selection procedure is not available. A new low-resolution gamma-ray spectral analysis procedure for assay of 239Pu has been developed. The procedure uses the calculated isotope activity ratios and the measured net counts in three spectral ROIs to evaluate and remove the 241Am contamination from the 239Pu assay signal on a spectrum-by-spectrum basis. The calibration for the new procedure requires only a single plutonium standard. The procedure also provides a measure of the burnup and age attributes of holdup deposits. The new procedure has been demonstrated using portable gamma-ray spectroscopy equipment for a wide range of plutonium standards and has also been applied to the assay of 239Pu holdup in a mixed oxide fuel fabrication facility. 10 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurement of Plutonium in Spent Nuclear Fuel by Self induced X ray Fluorescence written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct measurement of the plutonium content in spent nuclear fuel is a challenging problem in non-destructive assay. The very high gamma-ray flux from fission product isotopes overwhelms the weaker gamma-ray emissions from plutonium and uranium, making passive gamma-ray measurements impossible. However, the intense fission product radiation is effective at exciting plutonium and uranium atoms, resulting in subsequent fluorescence X-ray emission. K-shell X-rays in the 100 keV energy range can escape the fuel and cladding, providing a direct signal from uranium and plutonium that can be measured with a standard germanium detector. The measured plutonium to uranium elemental ratio can be used to compute the plutonium content of the fuel. The technique can potentially provide a passive, non-destructive assay tool for determining plutonium content in spent fuel. In this paper, we discuss recent non-destructive measurements of plutonium X-ray fluorescence (XRF) signatures from pressurized water reactor spent fuel rods. We also discuss how emerging new technologies, like very high energy resolution microcalorimeter detectors, might be applied to XRF measurements.

Download or read book Rapid Assay of Plutonium in Soils by Passive L X ray Counting written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technique has been developed to rapidly measure the presence of plutonium in soils, filters, smears, and glass waste forms by measuring the uranium L-shell x-ray emissions associated with the decay of plutonium. In addition, the technique can simultaneously acquire spectra of samples and automatically analyze them for the amount of americium, and gamma-ray emitting activation and fission products present. The samples are counted with a large area, thin-window, n-type Ge spectrometer which is equally efficient for the detection of low energy x-rays (>10 key), as well as high-energy gamma rays (>1 MeV). A 8192-channel analyzer is used to acquire the entire photon spectrum at one time. A dual-energy, time-tagged pulser, that is injected into the test input of the preamplifier to monitor the energy scale, detector resolution, and pulse pile-up will be installed in FY-92. The L x-ray portion of each spectrum is analyzed by a linear least-squares spectral fitting technique originally developed for the analysis of spectra from NaI(Tl) detectors. The gamma-ray portion of each spectrum is analyzed by a standard Ge gamma-ray analysis package. Detection limits (also referred to as lower limits of detection) for plutonium in contaminated soils that have been achieved by this technique are reported.

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-06 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 1420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritative reference providing the principles, practical techniques, and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government wide Index to Federal Research Development Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Data for Science and Technology written by K.H. Bockhoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1049 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the International Conference, Antwerp, Belgium, September 6-10, 1982

Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes material from conference proceedings and hard-to-find documents, in addition to journal articles. Over 1,000 journals are indexed and literature published from 1981 to the present is covered. Topics in pollution and its management are extensively covered from the standpoints of atmosphere, emissions, mathematical models, effects on people and animals, and environmental action. Major areas of coverage include: air pollution, marine pollution, freshwater pollution, sewage and wastewater treatment, waste management, land pollution, toxicology and health, noise, and radiation.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: