Download or read book Nutrition and Amino Acid Metabolism in Critically Ill Patients written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metabolism and Artificial Nutrition in the Critically Ill written by G. Guarnieri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critically ill patient in intensive care may present with serious metabolic alterations caused directly by the illness or secondarily by complications (e.g. infections, organ failure or sepsis) developing within a few hours of hospitaliza tion or in the following days. Among the situations which maintain and further trigger rapidly evolving altered metabolism are complex hormonal reactions, particularly those of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis, and abnormal stimulation of the autonomic nervous system. In fact, the sympathetic nervous system is known to cause significant metabolic alterations. For example, a surgery patient afflicted by septic complications may become hypercatabolic and experience significant nitrogen loss; the altered protein metabolism may in turn heavily influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well. Thus, it is apparent that for optimal care of patients with altered metabolic functions, further knowledge is necessary regarding the physiopathology of metabolism and the physiopathological mechanisms, which alter the consump tion of principal energy substrates. Many experimental and clinical studies have investigated the metabolic aspects of individual organs or organ systems. However, for a correct evaluation of such metabolic events, in addition to studying the roles of metabolic enzymes, active metabolites, and the glutathione system, it is interesting to consider the use of indirect calorimetry as a valid and important investigative technique. The critically ill patient with major alterations in nutritional status may require artificial nutritive support administered through either parenteral or enteral routes.
Download or read book Amino Acids in Critical Care and Cancer written by Rifat Latifi and published by R. G. Landes. This book was released on 1994 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the role and function of certain amino acids as applied to the field of surgery. Topics covered include amino acid requirements of critically ill patients; glutamine in surgical nutrition and metabolism; arginine in nutrition and surgery; use of taurine in total parenteral nutrition; dipeptides in clinical nutrition; potential use of nucleosides and nucleotides in parenteral nutrition; current and potential applications of biosynthetic human growth hormone; hepatic encephalopathy; amino acids in renal failure; amino acid therapy in children and neonates; plasma amino acid profile in cancer patients; arginine and ornithine in tumor metabolism and growth; effect of alanylglutamine on tumor growth, cellular immunity and intestinal immune responses; etc.
Download or read book Metabolic Support of the Critically Ill Patient written by Douglas W. Wilmore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional support of critically ill patients is a major treatment modality which will enhance recovery and shorten convalescence. New knowledge has emphasized that much of the organ dysfunction associated with sepsis and altered blood flow is related to oxidative injury. Specific nutrients are highly effective in counteracting these effects and their early administration may attenuate cellular damage and multi-organ failure. Patient outcome may also be enhanced by the route of feeding, administration of newer nutrient combinations, utilization of evolving methods of monitoring and the use of growth factors. This new knowledge has evolved to a new area of metabolic support which is addressed for the first time by a group of international experts. The topics presented and general conclusions are of major importance to the practitioners in this field, for they show, for the first time, a departure from the more traditional approaches of nutritional support in patients with life-threatening diseases.
Download or read book Metabolic Therapeutic Aspects of Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition written by Luc A. Cynober and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-11-13 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this innovative book brought a new perspective to the metabolic and therapeutic aspects of amino acids in clinical nutrition. Since its publication, a number of very important advances have been made in the field and interesting new findings have emerged. Until now, no reference has fully explored the promising new developments
Download or read book Nutrition in Critical Care written by Jean-Charles Preiser and published by Remedica. This book was released on 2005-03 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrition Support for the Critically Ill Patient written by Gail A. Cresci PhD and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, Nutrition Support for the Critically Ill Patient: A Guide to Practice, Second Edition presents an unbiased, evidence-based examination of critical nutrition across the life cycle. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, each chapter has been carefully designed to provide a comprehensive review of the literature and a de
Download or read book Nutritional Aspects of Care in the Critically Ill written by John Rooney Richards and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrition in Critical Care written by Gary P. Zaloga and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with nutritional support of critically ill patients. Discusses nutritional assessment, fuel metabolism, and macronutrient (protein, fat, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, mineral) and micronutrient (vitamins, trace element) metabolism. Discusses the route and timing of nutritional support, enteral feeding, parenteral nutrition, wound healing, inflammatory mediators, immunity, the gut barrier, bacterial translocation, and use of growth factors. Also discusses nutritional support of common disease states treated in critical care units, such as trauma, neuroinjury, sepsis, burns, gastrointestinal disease, respiratory and heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, AIDS, and diabetes mellitus.
Download or read book Nutritional Interventions with Protein Or Amino Acid Supplementation in Metabolic Stress written by Mengyin Hong and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Background: Metabolic responses to stress result in insulin resistance and net catabolism. Nutritional substrates, such as amino acids (AAs), are reprioritized from anabolism to support immune and stress responses, altering whole-body protein and glucose turnover, nitrogen balance, AA concentrations, hepatic protein synthesis, and glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Stress from inflammatory bowel disease, surgery, and critical illness share some metabolic characteristics. Therefore, a series of studies was designed to investigate: 1) protein and glucose metabolism under malnutrition superimposed with metabolic stress response; and 2) the nutritional and metabolic benefits of protein or AA supplementation. Methods: (Study 1) Colitis piglets (n =16) received a protein-deficient enteral diet for 10 days. They were then randomized to either control or supplementation with adequate protein or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Protein and glutathione syntheses were measured by L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine and [15N,1,2-13C2]glycine, respectively. (Study 2) Patients undergoing colorectal surgery with (n = 8) or without diabetes (n = 10) received parenteral AAs at 20% of their individually measured resting energy expenditure (REE) perioperatively for 72 hours. (Study 3) Patients undergoing cardiac surgery while on a hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp received parenteral AAs equivalent to either a high dose of 35% (n = 8) or a moderate dose of 20% (n = 8) of REE. (Study 4) Critically ill patients received either exclusive enteral nutrition (n=8) or enteral nutrition combined with parenteral AA supplementation to achieve a total protein intake of 1.75 (n = 9) or 2.5 g/(kg·d) (n = 9). Stable isotope tracers, such as D-[6,6-2H2]glucose, L-[1-13C]leucine and L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine, were infused to determine glucose and protein kinetics in all three patient studies. Results: Protein repletion ameliorated plasma protein and tissue protein turnover and systemic GSH kinetics in piglets with colitis and pre-existing protein deficiency, whereas NAC supplementation alone increased cysteine concentrations, but it did not change GSH status. In patients with colorectal surgery, perioperative supplementation of AA alone improved protein balance in patients with diabetes similar to their non-diabetic counterparts. However, postoperative hyperglycemia was prevented only in patients with good glycemic control, but not in those with poor glycemic control before surgery. In patients receiving a hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp during cardiac surgery, high dose parenteral AAs prevented hypoaminoacidemia. In critically ill patients, high dose parenteral AA ameliorated plasma AA concentrations and improved protein balance compared to exclusive enteral nutrition without supplementation. The dietary protein response (net protein balance) was negatively correlated with clinical scores at ICU admission. Conclusion: Protein or AA supplementation in metabolic stress states improved protein and glucose metabolism. These studies provided insights into the limitations of current nutrition support strategies and a paradigm to improve nutritional interventions to develop optimal regimens. These may be applied in the design and conduct of larger clinical trials"--
Download or read book Organ Metabolism and Nutrition written by John M. Kinney and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1994 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Metabolic Management of the Critically Ill written by Douglas W. Wilmore and published by Springer. This book was released on 1977-12-31 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HOW DO I USE THIS BOOK? This book is organized to answer specific questions about the metabolic and nutritional problems of critically ill patients. Thc questions are listed under five chapter headings in the Contents. Each question is self-contained with its own charts, tables, and references, although, in some instances, you may be referred to another section of the book for additional information. A detailed subject outline appears on the first page of each chapter, and there is an index for cross-reference to specific subjects. A metabolic support plan and accompanying metabolic and nutritional worksheet are locatcd in the Appendix. This plan pro vides the best estimates available for predicting the metabolic requirements of patients, and outlines approaches to feeding the hospitalized patient which will satisfy these nutritional needs. Clin ical cases are presented in this section to help you get started using the support plan. This volume is a handbook organized for frequent use - place the appropriate tables and nomograms on the bulletin board of the intensive care unit or in your office for convenient reference. Use the metabolic and nutritional support plan and establish the habit of assessing the metabolic requirements of your patients. Refer to the references cited to explore in further detail specific questions or areas of interest. By applying our knowledge of the metabolic and nutritional alterations which occur following disease, we can improve our care of the critically ill.
Download or read book Nutrition and Critical Care written by Luc A. Cynober and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete state-of-the-art manual on nutritional support for ICU patients, the present book, written by internationally renowned specialists, addresses fundamental aspects of the pathophysiological response to injury as well as practical issues of nutritional care. New features include an analysis of gene polymorphism and its possible consequences for the survival of traumatized patients. A better understanding of this process could become a basis for defining new nutritional strategies. Hence the discussion on indications for immune-enhancing diets. Of special interest is the research on copathologies (i.e. obesity) which can change the prognosis of ICU patients who thus require specific nutritional support. Entirely new is the merging of the recommendations of international and national societies (e.g. ASPEN, ESPEN), first realized for this publication. This book is a basic tool for any professional in the field of nutritional care for ICU patients: intensivists, surgeons, pharmacists, dieticians, and PhD students.
Download or read book Glutamine in Clinical Nutrition written by Rajkumar Rajendram and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-16 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid and is a major contributor to whole body nitrogen metabolism and is considered to be “conditionally essential.” Glutamine in Health and Disease presents the application of current nutritional knowledge by physicians and dietitians and incorporates emerging fields of science and important discoveries. Section 1 covers glutamine structure and function, glutamine synthetase, glutamine binding protein, glutamine transport, glutamine-rich activation domains and transcription, glutamine transaminase and cell biochemistry. Section 2 covers glucose-independent glutamine metabolism, intestinal barrier function, thyroid-stimulating hormone, glutamine resonances, focal ischemia, plasma glutamine, metabolic stress, cancer and absorption. Section 3 covers dipeptide-bound glutamine, DNA protection, oxidative stress, NF-KB, the inflammatory response, the lung, kidney, GI tract and liver, autophagy, ethanol and diabetes. Finally, Section 4 covers the use of glutamine in preoperative states, enteral and parenteral nutrition, pulmonary infections, cancer, hypoxic injury, arginyl-glutamine, paediatrics, pancreatic surgery, the elderly, gastric emptying gastric bypass and use glutamine cocktails. Written by authors of international and national standing, leaders in the field and trendsetters, Glutamine in Health and Disease is essential reading for nutritionists and dietitians, public health scientists, physicians, epidemiologists, policy makers, and health care professionals of various disciplines.
Download or read book From Nutrition Support to Pharmacologic Nutrition in the ICU written by Claude Pichard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critically ill and critically injured patients require specialized nutrition support to avoid the complications of progressive malnutrition. There is a paucity of information providing practical solutions to these difficult clinical problems. From Nutrition Support to Pharmacologic Nutrition in the ICU focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of the management of this high-risk patient population. Each chapter presents a state-of-the-art discussion of nutritional and metabolic issues relevant to this resource-intensive patient population and contains current references, liberal tables and figures, and the personal insights of recognized international leaders in this field.
Download or read book Nutrition in Intensive Care Medicine written by Pierre Singer and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reaching beyond traditional nutrition support The care of ICU patients has seen many improvements over the years, both with regard to technical aspects and supportive measures. The first part of this book analyzes nutritional support at various levels, ranging from the cell level to the whole-body aspect; drawing on recent prospective randomized studies, the authors propose a new approach for oral, enteral and/or parenteral nutrition. The second part underlines the interference between nutrition and outcome to reach recovery, giving to this field an increased importance for better short and long term management: The best glucose control, individualized nutritional support and the avoidance of harmful interferences is extensively discussed. The final part deals with patients suffering from multi-organ failure and the need for a better understanding of the interactions between disease and nutrition. Identification of the metabolic condition of the patient, existence or not of evidence-based medicine, expert opinion, treatment opportunities and the case manager recognizing threats are all integrated to reach the appropriate decision. This last part will help the reader to untangle the complexity of the ICU patient of the 21st century and to propose a personalized nutritional support process.
Download or read book Nutrition in Critical Care written by Peter Faber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive and practical guidance for managing the nutritional requirements of critically ill patients and thereby improving prognosis.
