Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.

Download or read book Nutrient Pollution from Agricultural Production written by Arlene Walters and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrients are elements essential to plant and animal growth. In agricultural production, the focus generally rests on the three primary macronutrients -- nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) -- because of their relative abundance in plants. As crops grow and are harvested, they gradually remove the existing nutrients from the soil and over time will require additional nutrients to maintain or increase crop yield. When nutrients are added in excess of the plants' ability to utilize them, there is an increased risk that the nutrients will enter the surrounding environment (water or air) and create environmental problems. The nutrients of primary environmental concern in agriculture are nitrogen and phosphorus. This book discusses the types and sources of nutrient pollution from agricultural production; possible environmental effects of nutrient pollution; examples of current control measures; the federal response to excess nutrients, including regulatory and incentive-based programs; and future considerations for nutrient management policy at the federal level.

Download or read book Nutrient Pollution in Coastal Waters written by Robert Howarth and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrients in the Nation s Waters written by David K. Mueller and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrients in water are necessary for productive aquatic ecosystems, but in high concentrations, nutrients such as nitrates, ammonia, and phosphates can adversely affect aquatic life and human health.

Download or read book River Conservation Challenges and Opportunities written by Sergi Sabater and published by Fundacion BBVA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Running Roughshod Over States and Stakeholders written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrient Trading and Water Quality written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrient Control Actions for Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-08-13 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large area of coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico experiences seasonal conditions of low levels of dissolved oxygen, a condition known as hypoxia. Excess discharge of nutrients into the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers causes nutrient overenrichment in the gulf's coastal waters and stimulates the growth of large algae blooms. When these algae die, the process of decomposition depletes dissolved oxygen from the water column and creates hypoxic conditions. In considering how to implement provisions of the Clean Water Act to strengthen nutrient reduction objectives across the Mississippi River basin, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requested advice from the National Research Council. This book represents the results of the committee's investigations and deliberations, and recommends that the EPA and U.S. Department of Agriculture should jointly establish a Nutrient Control Implementation Initiative to learn more about the effectiveness of actions meant to improve water quality throughout the Mississippi River basin and into the northern Gulf of Mexico. Other recommendations include how to move forward on the larger process of allocating nutrient loading caps-which entails delegating responsibilities for reducing nutrient pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus-across the basin.

Download or read book Riverine Ecosystem Management written by Stefan Schmutz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelisation and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human acitivities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this. Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.

Download or read book Water Quality and Agriculture written by James Shortle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-12 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water pollution control has been a top environmental policy priority of the world’s most developed countries for decades, and the focus of significant regulation and public and private spending. Yet, significant water quality problems remain, and trends for some pollutants are in the wrong direction. This book addresses the economics of water pollution control and water pollution control policy in agriculture, with an aim towards providing students, environmental policy analysts, and other environmental professionals with economic concepts and tools essential to understanding the problem and crafting solutions that can be effective and efficient. The book will also examine existing policies and proposed reforms in the developed world. Although this book addresses and has a general applicability to major water pollutants from agriculture (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals, sediments, nutrients), it will focus on the sediment and nutrient pollution problem. The economic and scientific foundations for pollution management are best developed for these pollutants, and they are currently the top priorities of policy makers. Accordingly, the authors provide both highly salient and informative cases for developing concepts and methods of general applicability, with high profile examples such as the Chesapeake Bay, Lake Erie, and the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone in the US; the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe; and Lake Taupo in New Zealand.

Download or read book Nutrients in Natural Waters written by Herbert Ellis Allen and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1972 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest thinking and research on nutrients have been brought together by experts in the chemical and biological sciences and in engineering. The authors represent educational institutions, government, and industry. The book features a broad discussion of the topic. In addition to chapters on the three principal nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon), chapters on nutrient geochemistry and nutrient regeneration in hypolimnetic waters are included. Both chemical and bioassay analyses of nutrients are discussed by experts in their respective fields. Computer models of nutrient biochemical processes are described with the use of many illustrations, so that even those unfamiliar with computer techniques can appreciate their utility.

Download or read book Nutrient Pollution written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient pollution : an overview of nutrient reduction approaches : hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, October 4, 2011.

Download or read book The Impacts of Nutrients on Water Quality in the Great Lakes written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Issues in Nutrient Pollution Control written by Aaron Matthew Cook and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient pollution represents one of the most signicant threats to water quality in the United States and worldwide due to its physical complexity and the magnitude of its attendant environmental costs. Nutrient pollution problems involve elements of hydrology, biology, and engineering that complicate the economic analysis of optimal management and the design of efficient policy. These elements include 1) the persistent nature nutrient pollution, 2) the capital intensity of nutrient abatement processes, 3) lags times between nutrient discharge and delivery, and 4) the need to manage multiple pollutants jointly. Each essay in thisdissertation treats some combination of these four elements.The first essay examines the combined implications of elements 1, 2, and 3, developing a model to capture these aspects of the nutrient pollution problem and solving for the optimal time path of nutrient reductions across two polluting sectors--wastewater and agriculture. The model is calibrated to conditions in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and the optimal solution is compared to the reductions specified by the Chesapeake Bay's current Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) policy. The optimal plan calls for much more aggressive nutrient reductions in early periods relative to the TMDL, and the TMDL's total socialcost exceeds the least-cost dynamic solution by 5-9% (depending on the lag length in the agricultural sector). An alternative policy--a time-invariant plan that jumps immediately to and maintains the optimal steady state loads for all time--exceeds the cost of the dynamically optimal plan by only 0.05%, suggesting the gains to a time-varying policy to be small despite the inherently dynamic character of the problem.The second essay examines the implications of lag times for the design of markets for nutrient reductions. I characterize the first-best solution to the problem of managing discharges among sources with varying lag lengths, noting that optimality requires separate "regimes" of control corresponding to sets of sources that delivery their pollution at the same time. While this first-best solution would be prohibitively complex with either a forward market or a trading ratio system, the essay proposes a second-best trade ratio system that incorporates an adjustment to the trading rules based on the lag length disparity between the sources involved in the trade. This second-best system will implement the optimal steady state loads in the long run, representing a practical approach to governing trades between the point and nonpoint sectors given differences in lag lengths.The third essay examines the implications of complementarity in the costs of nitrogen and phosphorus removal at wastewater treatment facilities for the timing of policy implementation. When policies for two or more interdependent pollutants are implemented sequentially, potential cost savings may be overlooked. I develop a conceptual framework for evaluating the efficiency loss associated with managing two pollutants through a sequential policy. Analysis shows that the sequential policy is inecient only for a subset of possible joint discharge targets (even when cost interdependencies exist). This framework is useful not only for evaluating and designing markets for nutrient reductions where municipal wastewater dischargers feature prominently, but also for other areas of environmental policy such as land conservation, habitat protection, and carbon sequestration where multiple environmental goods are produced jointly.Overall, the essays represent three novel approaches for modeling several complex elements of the nutrient pollution problem. The findings therein offer conceptual guidance for the design of policies to help control it.

Download or read book Control of Water Pollution from Cropland written by United States. Agricultural Research Service and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book More people more food worse water written by Mateo-Sagasta, Javier and published by Rome, Italy: FAO Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Quality Monitoring and Management written by Daoliang Li and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Quality Monitoring and Management: Basis, Technology and Case Studies presents recent innovations in operations management for water quality monitoring. It highlights the cost of using and choosing smart sensors with advanced engineering approaches that have been applied in water quality monitoring management, including area coverage planning and sequential scheduling. In parallel, the book covers newly introduced technologies like bulk data handling techniques, IoT of agriculture, and compliance with environmental considerations. Presented from a system engineering perspective, the book includes aspects on advanced optimization, system and platform, Wireless Sensor Network, selection of river water quality, groundwater quality detection, and more. It will be an ideal resource for students, researchers and those working daily in agriculture who must maintain acceptable water quality. Discusses field operations research and application in water science Includes detection methods and case analysis for water quality management Encompasses rivers, lakes, seas and groundwater Covers water for agriculture, aquaculture, drinking and industrial uses