Download or read book North Korea written by Congressional Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-16 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. economic sanctions imposed on North Korea are instigated by that country's activities related to weapons proliferation, especially its tests since 2006 of nuclear weapons and missile technology; regional disruptions; terrorism; narcotics trafficking; undemocratic governance; and illicit activities in international markets, including money laundering, counterfeiting of goods and currency, and bulk cash smuggling. Trade is limited to humanitarian-related goods. Imports from North Korea and exports to North Korea of most U.S.-origin goods, services, or technology are prohibited. The Department of Commerce denies export licenses for reasons of nuclear proliferation, missile technology, U.N. Security Council requirements, and international terrorism. Financial transactions are prohibited. U.S. persons are prohibited from providing financial services for the purpose of evading sanctions, or from providing financial services to a person or entity designated for sanctions. The President, in September 2017, authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to designate for sanctions any foreign financial institution that conducts or facilitates "any significant transaction on behalf of any [designated] person," or "in connection with trade with North Korea." North Korea is designated as a jurisdiction of primary money laundering concern by the Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN. U.S. new investment is prohibited, and investment in North Korea's transportation, mining, energy, or financial sectors is prohibited. North Korea is also ineligible to participate in any U.S. government program that makes credit, credit guarantees, or investment guarantees available. Kim Jong-un, the Korean Workers' Party, and others-banks, shipping companies, seagoing vessels, state agencies, and other individuals affiliated with the state's security regime-are identified as being among those engaged in illicit and punishable activities, possibly including nuclear or ballistic missile programs, undermining cybersecurity, censorship, and sanctions evasion. As a result, effective March 15, 2016, any of their assets under U.S. jurisdiction are frozen, and U.S. persons and entities are prohibited from entering into trade and transactions with the designees. From the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, the United States had imposed fairly comprehensive economic, diplomatic, and political restrictions on North Korea. In 1999, however, President Clinton announced the United States would lift many restrictions on U.S. exports to and imports from North Korea in areas other than those controlled for national security concerns; the Departments of Commerce, Treasury, and Transportation issued new regulations a year later that implemented the new policy. On June 26, 2008, President George W. Bush delisted North Korea as a state sponsor of international terrorism, and removed restrictions based on authorities in the Trading With the Enemy Act and the terrorism designation, replacing them with more circumscribed economic restrictions related to proliferation concerns. The U.S. sanctions are a result of requirements incorporated into U.S. law by Congress, decisions made in the executive branch to exercise discretionary authorities, and obligations placed on member states of the United Nations by the U.N. Security Council. Though the President, in accordance with the Constitution, leads the way in conducting foreign policy, Congress holds substantial power to shape foreign policy by authorizing and funding programs, advising on appointments, and specifically defining the terms of engagement in accordance with U.S. political and strategic interests. This report presents the legislative basis for U.S. sanctions policy toward North Korea. These sanctions are a critical tenet of the larger bilateral relationship, and this report highlights Congress's role and responsibility in determining the nature of U.S.-North Korea relations.

Download or read book North Korea Legislative Basis for U S Economic Sanctions written by Dianne E. Rennack and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book North Korea written by Dianne E. Rennack and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book North Korea written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. economic sanctions imposed on North Korea are instigated by that country's activities related to weapons proliferation; regional disruptions; terrorism; narcotics trafficking; undemocratic governance; and illicit activities in international markets, including money laundering, counterfeiting of goods and currency, and bulk cash smuggling. The sanctions have the following consequences for U.S.-North Korea relations:

Download or read book North Korea Sanctions Regulations Us Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation Ofac 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea Sanctions Regulations (US Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation) (OFAC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the North Korea Sanctions Regulations (US Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation) (OFAC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 The Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is amending the North Korea Sanctions Regulations and reissuing them in their entirety, in order to implement three recent Executive orders and to reference the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 and the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act. OFAC is also incorporating several general licenses that have, until now, appeared only on OFAC's website on the North Korea Sanctions page, adding several new general licenses, and adding and expanding provisions to issue a more comprehensive set of regulations that will provide further guidance to the public. Finally, OFAC is updating certain regulatory provisions and making other technical and conforming changes. Due to the number of regulatory sections being updated or added, OFAC is reissuing the North Korea Sanctions Regulations in their entirety. This book contains: - The complete text of the North Korea Sanctions Regulations (US Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation) (OFAC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Download or read book Economic Sanctions Against a Nuclear North Korea written by Suk Hi Kim and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States economic sanctions against North Korea began on June 28, 1950, three days after the outbreak of the Korean War. Since then, the United States, its allies, and the United Nations have increasingly imposed economic sanctions against North Korea in an attempt to destabilize and manipulate the North Korean regime. This book first provides a thorough historical overview of U.S. and U.N. sanctions against North Korea since 1950. Then, several essays propose ways to make such sanctions more politically effective while limiting their harmful humanitarian consequences. Finally, the book discusses the impact of the newest, six-nation agreement signed in February 2007 which would shut down North Korea's nuclear facility in return for economic aid and a security guarantee. Several appendices provide brief guides to the history of North Korea and the country's nuclear weapons program.

Download or read book Legislative Authority of U S Unilateral Economic Sanctions Against the Democratic People s Republic Of North Korea DPRK written by Frederick Appiah Afriyie and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study on Economic Sanctions written by Seung Jin Oh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book North Korea written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea has presented one of the most vexing and persistent problems in U.S. foreign policy in the post-Cold War period. The United States has never had formal diplomatic relations with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (the official name for North Korea), although contact at a lower level has ebbed and flowed over the years. Negotiations over North Korea's nuclear weapons program have occupied the past three U.S. administrations, even as some analysts anticipated a collapse of the isolated authoritarian regime. North Korea has been the recipient of over $1 billion in U.S. aid (though none since 2009) and the target of dozens of U.S. sanctions.

Download or read book Efficacy of Economic Sanctions written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since World War I, the popularity of using economic sanctions by western nations to influence the behavior of states not conforming to international norms has increased. The end of the Cold War renewed the zeal within the international community and unleashed a wave of new sanctions during the 1990s that earned it the "Sanctions Decade" title. Questions regarding the success of recent sanctions to influence Iraq, Haiti, Iran, and North Korea have fueled the debate among scholars and diplomats regarding the effectiveness of economic sanctions. This paper will summarize some of the key theories of economic sanctions along with criteria for successful implementation as learned from lessons. How sanctions have been applied towards Iran and North Korea will be presented along with an evaluation of their effectiveness to date. These two case studies will be examined by applying theory, practice, and historical context to evaluate and make recommendations regarding the continued use of economic sanctions to persuade North Korea and Iran to abandon their nuclear ambitions. Are economic sanctions useful in forcing the modification of a nation's behavior? Has globalization of the world's economies made sanctions ineffective except in minor disagreements? Are the US and UN left with only the military option to dissuade the proliferation of nuclear weapons? Unfortunately recent cases increasingly indicate that successful application of sanctions is becoming a rare outcome. Economic sanctions are currently the instrument of choice by western nations to influence or modify the behavior of actors deemed not meeting accepted norms set by the international community. The use of sanctions has risen to prominence exponentially since World War I, peaking in the 1990s. This paper will review the relevant theories on the application of economic sanctions as a tool of national power and their effectiveness in achieving success. The theories and lessons will be applied to analyze the effectiveness of the current sanctions imposed against Iran and North Korea in order to identify if success can be expected by maintaining the current course. The commonalities and differences between the two case studies will be highlighted and recommendations to change implementation in order to improve the possibility of success will be provided. Economic Sanction Theory Economic sanctions represent one tool available as nations exercise their instruments of national power, generally categorized in terms of diplomatic, military, informational, and economic, to influence the behavior of other actors in the pursuit of national objectives. The popularity of sanctions has risen in the twentieth century for a variety of reasons. The scar of World War I left many with a desire of never again using military force. World War II, nuclear weapons, and the Cold War provided further incentives to find other tools beside military force. Many saw the collapse of the Soviet Union, leaving the US as the sole remaining super power, as fertile ground for increased use of sanctions.

Download or read book Sanction Dynamics in the Cases of North Korea Iran and Russia written by Julian Walterskirchen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the sanction regimes imposed by the United States, the European Union, and the United Nations against Russia, Iran, and North Korea. While the application of sanctions as a foreign policy tool has developed considerably, particularly over the last three decades, their empirically verifiable effects remain contested. Based on detailed empirical evidence, this book investigates the dynamic nature of individual sanctions measures, their multi-layered objectives as a foreign policy tool, their effects on the targeted economies and governments, and how targeted states respond to them. Furthermore, it offers a rare comparative perspective. The book presents a concise summary of the most important aspects and describes some key characteristics that could improve the use of sanctions as a foreign policy tool. This book will appeal to researchers, scholars, and students of international relations, as well as practitioners and policy-makers interested in a better understanding of the effects of sanction regimes and the improvement of sanctions as a foreign policy tool.

Download or read book North Korea written by Dianne E. Rennack and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. economic sanctions are imposed against North Korea for four primary reasons: (1) North Korea is seen as posing a threat to U.S. national security; (2) North Korea is designated by the Secretary of State as a state sponsor or supporter of international terrorism; (3) North Korea is a Marxist-Leninist state, with a Communist government; and (4) North Korea has been found by the State Department to have engaged in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The United States has also taken steps to isolate the Macau-based Banco Delta Asia for counterfeiting and money-laundering activities, actions North Korea has characterized as attacks against it. In accordance with U.S. law, the United States limits some trade, denies trade in dual-use goods and services, limits foreign aid, and opposes entry into or support from international financial institutions. At the President's discretion, North Korea would also be subject to the economic sanctions pursuant to the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, under which the administration has identified North Korea as a "country of particular concern" since 2001, and pursuant to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, under which the administration has classified North Korea in the category of most severe offender (Tier 3) since 2003. In October 2002, after meetings between high-level U.S. and North Korean government officials, the United States reported that North Korea had confirmed suspicions that it had reactivated its nuclear weapons development program. An international crisis ensued, with North Korea expelling International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors and declaring that it would withdraw from the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Participants in the Korean Energy Development Organization (KEDO) -- including United States, Japan, South Korea and European Union -- in turn suspended shipments of fuel oil. KEDO also suspended construction of the light-water reactors, the completion of which had been planned for 2003. North Korea officially withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty on January 10, 2003 (effective three months hence), the first signatory country to do so. In August 2003, North Korea joined the United States, Japan, South Korea, China and Russia in six-party talks. The six nations have met for four rounds; at the last, in September 2005, a preliminary agreement was signed by all parties. North Korea would end its pursuit of nuclear weapons, rejoin the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, and readmit IAEA inspectors. Other signatories would, in turn, provide security guarantees, energy infrastructure, and aid. Different signatories had different views of what should happen next, however, and the agreement was essentially scuttled amid tense exchanges. In July 2006, North Korea conducted ballistic missile tests. In October 2006, it detonated a nuclear explosive device. This paper explains the U.S. economic sanctions currently in place, and summarizes recent events as they relate to the potential application of additional restrictions.

Download or read book U S and UN Sanctions on North Korea written by Kimberly Holmes and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea is a closely controlled society, and its regime has taken actions that threaten the United States and other United Nations member states. North Korean tests of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles have prompted the United States and the UN to impose sanctions on North Korea. This book identifies the activities that are targeted by U.S. and UN sanctions specific to North Korea; describes how the United States implements its sanctions specific to North Korea and examines the challenges it faces in doing so; and describes how the UN implements its sanctions specific to North Korea and examines the challenges it faces in doing so.

Download or read book Engaging North Korea written by Stephan Haggard and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph reviews the efficacy of economic statecraft vis- -vis North Korea, with a particular focus on the use of sanctions and inducements on the part of the United States in seeking to achieve nonproliferation and wider foreign policy objectives. Two structural constraints operate: North Korea's particularly repressive state, with a narrowing governing coalition; and the country's changing economic relations. As an empirical matter, there is little evidence that sanctions had effect, or did so only in conjunction with inducements. However, inducements did not yield significant results either, in part because of severe credibility and sequencing problems in the negotiations.

Download or read book North Korean Sanctions Evasion Techniques written by King Mallory and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details the entities involved in North Korea's sanctions evasion activities and sanctions evasion techniques in the areas of hard-currency generation, restricted and dual-use technology acquisition, covert transport, and covert finance.

Download or read book North Korea written by Petr G. Lasserson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores current foreign relations and economic ties with North Korea. Topics discussed in this compilation include foreign assistance to North Korea including energy aid and food assistance; China-North Korea relations including PRC objectives and policy issues for the United States; the legislative basis for U.S. economic sanctions; imports from North Korea including existing rules, implications of the KORUS FTA and the Kaesong Industrial Complex and non-governmental organisations' (NGOs) activities in North Korea.

Download or read book Authoritarian Regimes and Economic Sanction Effectiveness written by Dursun Peksen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea has been under several rounds of economic sanctions since the beginning of the Korean War in 1950. Economic coercion, however, has had no major effect on the Kim regime's political stability and nuclear program. Drawing from the literature on the survival of authoritarian regimes and sanction effectiveness, this article focuses on key domestic policies the regime has employed to survive foreign pressure. I posit that Pyongyang has been able to remain defiant against foreign pressure through the use of two main domestic strategies: positive inducements and repression. I specifically argue that the North Korean regime has evaded the negative effects of sanctions by offering selective rewards to the small ruling coalition in exchange for loyalty and quelling opposition through the total surveillance of society and efficient institutions of repression. The analysis suggests that neither comprehensive economic sanctions targeting the entire economy nor selective sanctions aiming at the ruling elites have been fully successful in achieving the ambitious goals of regime change and denuclearization in North Korea. Extensive sanctions might have even done more harm than good by further worsening the dire living conditions of ordinary citizens. The U.S. and other major sanctioning countries should have instead sought alternative policies to empower average citizens to create a strong domestic opposition pushing for political liberalization and other reforms. Selective sanctions targeting the regime's nuclear and military capabilities could still be useful to slow down the development of advanced nuclear weapons and contain aggressive state behavior.