Download or read book Noninvasive Assessment of Trabecular Bone Architecture and The Competence of Bone written by Sharmila Majumdar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of bone microarchitecture is flourishing because of a recent shift in perspective that has taken researchers beyond utilizing bone mineral density as the primary source of information about certain matters related to bone. In the area of osteoporosis and skeletal changes, bone mineral density (BMD) is widely used for screening, monitoring and assessing therapeutic efficacy, and yet, it is currently accepted that BMD does not fully explain the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the process of aging, nor mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy. In this context, the study of trabecular microarchitecture has much to contribute. The emerging field of trabecular microarchitecture, however, is diverse, inter-disciplinary and encompasses many different imaging modalities. This volume represents a compilation of papers from world-renowned researchers, reflecting the most current research in the area of noninvasive assessment of trabecular microcarchitecture. This varied research applies sophisticated imaging tools to questions of bone biomechanics at both the basic science and clinical levels. The authors' works range from review articles and research articles to works in progress. Taken together, they offer a foray into the "state of the art" of investigating bone at its most basic levels.
Download or read book Assessment of Trabecular Bone Quality Using Quantitative Image Analysis written by Chunsheng Jiang and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bone Research in Biomechanics written by G. Lowet and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the structure of bone, and its consequences for the mechanical behaviour of the bone structure. The first part of this book focuses on the development of models to predict the adaptation of bone due to changes on the mechanical loading situation (such as provoked by an implant). But far more important than the computer power presently available, the incorporation of knowledge on the biological processes have led to new kinds of models. Next to the development of models itself, the issue of model validation though comparison with clinical data is a main issue addressed in the papers of this symposium. The second part, dealing with the relationship between bone architecture and competence of bone, focuses on the morphology of trabecular bone structure. This work is mainly carried out in the context of research on osteoporosis, and look for the relation between bone structure and fracture risk. The last part is devoted to ultrasound research in bone biomechanics. Several methods have been described for the in vitro and in vivo measurement of ultrasound velocity and attenuation, both on cortical and on trabecular bone. The reader will not only discover the state-of-the-art when reading though this book. This book can give a taste of the fascinating perspectives the research in bone biomechanics still have to offer, even after more than 100 years.
Download or read book Image Analysis for Trabecular Bone Properties on Cone Beam CT Data written by Eva Klintström and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trabecular bone structure as well as bone mineral density (BMD) have impact on the biomechanical competence of bone. In osteoporosis-related fractures, there have been shown to exist disconnections in the trabecular network as well as low bone mineral density. Imaging of bone parameters is therefore of importance in detecting osteoporosis. One available imaging device is cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This device is often used in pre-operative imaging of dental implants, for which the trabecular network also has great importance. Fourteen or 15 trabecular bone specimens from the radius were imaged for conducting this in vitro project. The imaging data from one dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), two multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT), one high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and four CBCT devices were segmented using an in-house developed code based on homogeneity thresholding. Seven trabecular microarchitecture parameters, as well as two trabecular bone stiffness parameters, were computed from the segmented data. Measurements from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) data of the same bone specimens were regarded as gold standard. Correlations between MSCT and micro-CT data showed great variations, depending on device, imaging parameters and between the bone parameters. Only the bone-volume fraction (BV/TV) parameter was stable with strong correlations. Regarding both HR-pQCT and CBCT, the correlations to micro-CT were strong for bone structure parameters as well as bone stiffness parameters. The CBCT device 3D Accuitomo showed the strongest correlations, but overestimated BV/TV more than three times compared to micro-CT. The imaging protocol most often used in clinical imaging practice at our clinic demonstrated strong correlations as well as low radiation dose. CBCT data of trabecular bone can be used for analysing trabecular bone properties, like bone microstructure and bone biomechanics, showing strong correlations to the reference method of micro-CT. The results depend on choice of CBCT device as well as segmentation method used. The in-house developed code based on homogeneity thresholding is appropriate for CBCT data. The overestimations of BV/TV must be considered when estimating bone properties in future clinical dental implant and osteoporosis research.
Download or read book PET CT MRI Applications in Musculoskeletal Disorders Part II An Issue of PET Clinics written by Abass Alavi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of PET Clinics is Part II of a two-part issue, and focuses on PET-CT-MRI Applications of Musculoskeletal Disorders. It is edited by Drs. Abass Alavi (the Consulting Editor of PET Clinics), Ali Salavati, Ali Gholamrezanezhad and Ali Guermazi. Articles will include:Applications of PET-CT-MR in the management of benign musculoskeletal disorders; Diagnostic management of primary and secondary spinal neoplastic disease: The role of PET-CT-MRI; Skeletal Metastasis Evaluation: Value and impact of PET/CT on Diagnosis, Management and Prognosis; Hybrid imaging (PET CT/PET MRI) of bone metastases; Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in Evaluating Bone Metastases; Imaging of Osteoarthritis by Conventional Radiography, MRI, PET-CT and PET-MRI; Evolving Role of MRI and PET in Assessing Osteoporosis; Evolving Role of Novel PET-CT-MRI based quantitative technique for Assessing Muscle Disorders; Pediatric musculoskeletal applications of PET-CT-MRI; In vivo molecular imaging of inflammation and infection; Future perspective of the application of PET-CT-MRI in musculoskeletal disorders; and more!
Download or read book Cancellous Bone written by Ardiyansyah Syahrom and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-05 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive mechanobiological insights into bone, including the microstructure of cancellous bone and its realistic loading in the human body. This approach considers different types of loads, i.e. static and dynamic, and the response under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. The book also reviews additional factors influencing biomechanical properties, e.g. fluid transport. In closing, the mechanobiological approach is discussed in the context of the finite element method.
Download or read book Patient Specific Modeling in Tomorrow s Medicine written by Amit Gefen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the frontier of research and clinical applications of Patient Specific Modeling, and provides a state-of-the-art update as well as perspectives on future directions in this exciting field. The book is useful for medical physicists, biomedical engineers and other engineers who are interested in the science and technology aspects of Patient Specific Modeling, as well as for radiologists and other medical specialists who wish to be updated about the state of implementation.
Download or read book Photon Counting Computed Tomography written by Scott Hsieh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-27 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of Photon Counting CT technology for X-ray medical imaging, especially as it pertains to new detectors. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in CT medical imaging. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the X-ray signal into analogue/digital value will be covered in some chapters. The authors also provide a review of CMOS chips for X-ray image sensors, methods of material discrimination and image reconstruction techniques. Covers a broad range of topics, including an introduction to novel spectral Computed Tomography; Includes in-depth analysis on how to optimize X-ray detection; Discusses analysis of electronics for X-ray detection.
Download or read book Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing VipIMAGE 2011 written by João Manuel R.S. Tavares and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains invited lecturers and full papers presented at VIPIMAGE 2011 - III ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing (Olh Algarve, Portugal, 12-14 October 2011). International contributions from 16 countries provide a comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in: Image Processing
Download or read book MicroComputed Tomography written by Stuart R. Stock and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the availability of commercial laboratory systems and the emergence of user facilities at synchrotron radiation sources, studies of microcomputed tomography or microCT have increased exponentially. MicroComputed Technology provides a complete introduction to the technology, describing how to use it effectively and understand its results. The first part of the book focuses on methodology, covering experimental methods, data analysis, and visualization approaches. The second part addresses various microCT applications, including porous solids, microstructural evolution, soft tissue studies, multimode studies, and indirect analyses. The author presents a sufficient amount of fundamental material so that those new to the field can develop a relative understanding of how to design their own microCT studies. One of the first full-length references dedicated to microCT, this book provides an accessible introduction to field, supplemented with application examples and color images.
Download or read book Advanced Bioimaging Technologies in Assessment of the Quality of Bone and Scaffold Materials written by L. Qin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-28 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a perspective on the current status of bioimaging technologies developed to assess the quality of musculoskeletal tissue with an emphasis on bone and cartilage. It offers evaluations of scaffold biomaterials developed for enhancing the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. These bioimaging techniques include micro-CT, nano-CT, pQCT/QCT, MRI, and ultrasound.
Download or read book Mycotoxins and Food Safety written by Jonathan W. DeVries and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins, from the Greek "mukes" referring to fungi or slime molds and toxin from the Latin "toxicum" referencing a poison for arrows, have earned their reputation for being potentially deleterious to the health and well being of a consuming organism, whether it be animal or human. Unfortunately, mycotoxins are a ubiquitous factor in the natural life cycle of food producing plants. As such, control of the potential impact of mycotoxins on food safety relies heavily upon accurate analysis and surveys followed by commodity segregation and restricted use or decontamination through processing. The purpose of this book is to provide the most comprehensive and current information on the topic of mycotoxins and assuring food safety. Chapters represented in the book reflect such diverse topics ranging from occurrence and impact, analysis, reduction through processing and plant breeding, toxicology and safety assessments to regulatory perspectives. Authors represent a range of international perspectives.
Download or read book Bioactive Components of Human Milk written by David S. Newburg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major emphasis in this book is a compilation and definition of what is known about components of human milk, including glycoconjugates, that inhibit common pathogens of the infant. Also discussed are other bioactive constituents whose relevant biological roles are also beginning to be defined. Hormonal and cytokine activity, immunomodulating and autoinflammatory agents, xenobiotics, and conditionally essential nutrients in milk could have roles in the protection of the infant, but may also participate in digestive processes, maternal-infant communication, maturation of the gut, central nervous system, and other components of infant growth and development. Like the protective activities, these are discussed in terms of their presence in milk, structures, potential functions, and structure/function relationship. Components whose role is nutritional support during early development of the infant are also included.
Download or read book Intractable Seizures written by W. McIntyre Burnham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 20% of people with epilepsy have seizures which are resistant to anticonvulsant medications. These drug-resistant seizures are called `intractable', and the patients who have them - about 1 in 500 of the general population - present a major challenge to neurologists and epilepsy associations. The present volume describes the symptomatology of the major `intractable' syndromes, the most appropriate drugs for each, and the possibilities for surgical control. Research related to the causes and effects of unchecked seizures is presented, and new directions in prevention and therapy are discussed.
Download or read book Genome Instability in Cancer Development written by Erich A. Nigg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-14 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research over the past decades has firmly established the genetic basis of cancer. In particular, studies on animal tumour viruses and chromosome rearrangements in human tumours have concurred to identify so-called ‘proto-oncogenes’ and ‘tumour suppressor genes’, whose deregulation promotes carcinogenesis. These important findings not only explain the occurrence of certain hereditary tumours, but they also set the stage for the development of anti-cancer drugs that specifically target activated oncogenes. However, in spite of tremendous progress towards the elucidation of key signalling pathways involved in carcinogenesis, most cancers continue to elude currently available therapies. This stands as a reminder that “cancer” is an extraordinarily complex disease: although some cancers of the haematopoietic system show only a limited number of characteristic chromosomal aberrations, most solid tumours display a myriad of genetic changes and considerable genetic heterogeneity. This is thought to reflect a trait commonly referred to as ‘genome instability’, so that no two cancers are ever likely to display the exact same genetic alterations. Numerical and structural chromosome aberrations were recognised as a hallmark of human tumours for more than a century. Yet, the causes and consequences of these aberrations still remain to be fully understood. In particular, the question of how genome instability impacts on the development of human cancers continues to evoke intense debate.
Download or read book Biological Reactive Intermediates Vi written by Patrick M. Dansette and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a discussion of the biological effects produced following the metabolism of xenobiotic chemicals to chemically reactive metabolites, i.e., toxic and carcinogenic effects, which have been the basis of all five earlier volumes in this series. In particular, this volume devotes sections to structure-activity relationships, recent advances in the understanding of the chemistry of reactive metabolites, and the generation and activity of reactive oxygen species with special emphasis on nitric oxide. There are also segments on DNA damage by reactive metabolites and DNA repair, tissue specific responses to BRIs, and human health effects of BRIs. The papers that comprise this volume were submitted by world class scientists who were in attendance at The Symposium on Biological Reactive Intermediates VI at the Université René Descartes, July 16-20, 2000.
Download or read book Integrating Population Outcomes Biological Mechanisms and Research Methods in the Study of Human Milk and Lactation written by Margarett K. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating Population Outcomes, Biological Mechanisms and Research Methods in the Study of Human Milk and Lactation is the product of the 10th Conference of the International Society for Research on Human Milk and Lactation, held on September 15-19, 2000, in Tucson, Arizona. The presented sessions at the meeting are as diverse as the volume itself. These sessions include the impact of micronutrient deficiencies during lactation on maternal and infant health, the premature infant, developmental immunology, breastfeeding in the industrialized world, and viral transmission in milk. Whenever possible, the sessions were organized to include human population research, research showing the biological underpinnings of the effects on human health, and important methodological issues. This volume is a contemporary and influential tool for human milk biologists, breastfeeding epidemiologists, biochemists, immunologists, clinical specialists, and all professionals and researchers in the field.
