Download or read book cGMP Generators Effectors and Therapeutic Implications written by Harald H. H. W. Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-17 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the discovery of endogenous NO formation in the late '80s and the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, many researchers and physicians again became interested in the NO/sGC interaction and cGMP-dependent signaling. This book is an enthusiastic celebration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and amply illustrates the importance of this field of science to patients and the way in which the field has evolved. It is exclusively devoted to this exciting and important signaling molecule, addressing all recent advances in understanding guanylate cyclase regulation, NO/sGC interactions, cGMP effector mechanisms and their pathophysiological and pharmacological implications. Particular attention will also be given to clinical applications of the novel cGMP-elevating drugs which are on the horizon, thus spanning the continuum from basic science to clinic.

Download or read book Reactive Oxygen Species written by Harald H. H. W. Schmidt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in almost every human disease phenotype, without much, if any, therapeutic consequence foremost exemplified by the failure of the so-called anti-oxidants. This book is a game changer for the field and many clinical areas such as cardiology and neurology. The term ‘oxidative stress’ is abandoned and replaced with a systems medicine and network pharmacology-based mechanistic approach to disease. The ROS-related drugs discussed here target either ROS- forming or ROS -modifying enzymes for which there is strong clinical evidence. In addition, ROS targets are included as they jointly participate in causal mechanisms of disease. This approach is transforming the ROS field and represents a breakthrough in redox medicine indicating a path to patient benefit. In the coming years more targets and drugs may be discovered, but the approach will remain the same and this book will thus become, and for many years remain, the leading reference for ROSopathies and their treatment by network pharmacology. Chapter "Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators and Activators" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Download or read book Nitric Oxide written by Louis J. Ignarro and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-09-13 with total page 1023 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that transmits signals in an organism. Signal transmission by a gas that is produced by one cell and which penetrates through membranes and regulates the function of another cell represents an entirely new principle for signaling in biological systems. NO is a signal molecule of key importance for the cardiovascular system acting as a regulator of blood pressure and as a gatekeeper of blood flow to different organs. NO also exerts a series of other functions, such as acting a signal molecule in the nervous system and as a weapon against infections. NO is present in most living creatures and made by many different types of cells. NO research has led to new treatments for treating heart as well as lung diseases, shock, and impotence. Scientists are currently testing whether NO can be used to stop the growth of cancerous tumors, since the gas can induce programmed cell death, apoptosis. This book is the first comprehensive text on nitric oxide to cover all aspects--basic biology, chemistry, pathobiology, effects on various disease states, and therapeutic implications. - Edited by Nobel Laureate Louis J. Ignarro, editor of the Academic Press journal, Nitric Oxide - Authored by world experts on nitric oxide - Includes an overview of basic principles of biology and chemical biology - Covers principles of pathobiology, including the nervous system, cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, and immune defense

Download or read book Organic Nitrates written by P. Needleman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina pectoris. Millions of patients, throughout the world, have placed nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue and have experienced rapid and dramatic relief from the chest pain that frequently occurs as a manifestation of disease of the coronary arteries. The empirical observation of the safe use of nitrates for tile alleviation of the symptoms of angina have led to their widespread medical acceptance. The use of organic nitrates preceded any knowledge of their mechanism of action or their ultimate metabolic fate. Thus, more simply stated, although sub lingual nitrates helped the patients, little was known concerning what these drugs do to the body or what the body does to the drugs. A substantial number of investigators have focused on these questions especially during the last two decades. We now have considerably more insight into the pathways of degradation of organic nitrates and the relationship of the metabolic processes to the biological action of these agents. Similarly, considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of action of these agents directly on vascular smooth muscle and on cardiac work and performance. Finally, there is a more substantive understanding of the physiology of the coronary circulation as well as the" pathophysiologic manifestations of myocardial disease.

Download or read book Structural Genomics written by Yu Wai Chen and published by Humana. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of Structural Genomics has produced many technological advances that transform and accelerate structure solution and analysis. Structural Genomics: General Applications emphasizes the benefits to the wider structural research community. It also reflects the current trend in tackling the more ambitious challenges of studying macromolecular machineries and complexes. Divided into three convenient sections, topics include the cloning and production of proteins for structural studies, experimental methods, and computational methods and data analysis. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Structural Genomics: General Applications aims primarily to channel spin-off technologies to the average structural biologist in a small or medium-sized laboratory.

Download or read book Nitric Oxide Synthase written by Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-17 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitric Oxide Synthase - Simple Enzyme-Complex Roles provides information on nitric oxide synthase, a biomolecule of key importance for the different biological systems, including central and peripheral nervous, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. With recent links to the role of nitric oxide in the reactions that can impact cell signaling, and discoveries surrounding the complex role of nitric oxide synthase that have increased research attention across the fields of cell and molecular biology, physiology, pharmacology, toxicology, neuroscience, cardiology, urology, and endocrinology, this book tries to provide a comprehensive overview of biology/pathobiology of nitric oxide synthases and a perspective from possible therapeutic indication of the enzyme inhibitors.

Download or read book Hemoglobin and Myoglobin in Their Reactions with Ligands written by Eraldo Antonini and published by North-Holland. This book was released on 1971 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological processes are driven by complex systems of functionally interacting signaling molecules. Thus, understanding signaling molecules is essential to explain normal or pathological biological phenomena. A large body of clinical and experimental data has been accumulated over these years, albeit in fragmented state. Hence, systems biological approaches concomitant with the understanding of each molecule are ideal to delineate signaling networks/pathways involved in the biologically important processes. The control of these signaling pathways will enrich our healthier life. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities. This encyclopedia presents 350 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike During past years, there were multiple databases to gather this information briefly and very partially. Amidst the excitement of these findings, one of the great scientific tasks of the coming century is to bring all the useful information into a place. Such an approach is arduous but at the end will infuse the lacunas and considerably be a streamline in the understanding of vibrant signaling networks. Based on this easy-approach, we can build up more complicated biological systems.

Download or read book Handbook of Cell Signaling written by Ralph A. Bradshaw and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-03 with total page 3188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Cell Signaling, Three-Volume Set, 2e, is a comprehensive work covering all aspects of intracellular signal processing, including extra/intracellular membrane receptors, signal transduction, gene expression/translation, and cellular/organotypic signal responses. The second edition is an up-to-date, expanded reference with each section edited by a recognized expert in the field. Tabular and well illustrated, the Handbook will serve as an in-depth reference for this complex and evolving field. Handbook of Cell Signaling, 2/e will appeal to a broad, cross-disciplinary audience interested in the structure, biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of cellular effectors. - Contains over 350 chapters of comprehensive coverage on cell signaling - Includes discussion on topics from ligand/receptor interactions to organ/organism responses - Provides user-friendly, well-illustrated, reputable content by experts in the field

Download or read book Neuroscience in the 21st Century written by Donald W. Pfaff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited and authored by a wealth of international experts in neuroscience and related disciplines, this key new resource aims to offer medical students and graduate researchers around the world a comprehensive introduction and overview of modern neuroscience. Neuroscience research is certain to prove a vital element in combating mental illness in its various incarnations, a strategic battleground in the future of medicine, as the prevalence of mental disorders is becoming better understood each year. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by mental, behavioral, neurological and substance use disorders. The World Health Organization estimated in 2002 that 154 million people globally suffer from depression and 25 million people from schizophrenia; 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by drug use disorders. A more recent WHO report shows that 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million from Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Because neuroscience takes the etiology of disease—the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors—as its object of inquiry, it is increasingly valuable in understanding an array of medical conditions. A recent report by the United States’ Surgeon General cites several such diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, early-onset depression, autism, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder, among many others. Not only is this volume a boon to those wishing to understand the future of neuroscience, it also aims to encourage the initiation of neuroscience programs in developing countries, featuring as it does an appendix full of advice on how to develop such programs. With broad coverage of both basic science and clinical issues, comprising around 150 chapters from a diversity of international authors and including complementary video components, Neuroscience in the 21st Century in its second edition serves as a comprehensive resource to students and researchers alike.

Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation written by Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation" book explains how the neuronal cells become swollen at the moment of the blood-brain barrier disruption and how they lose their immunological isolation. A cascade of cytokines and immune cells from the bloodstream enters the nervous system, inflaming neurons and activating the glia. This produces a neuroinflammatory process that can generate different neurodegenerative diseases. Better understanding of mechanisms that are activated at the time when the damage to the brain occurs could lead to the development of suitable therapies that revert the neuronal inflammation and thus prevent further damage to the nervous system.

Download or read book Essentials of Medical Biochemistry written by Chung Eun Ha and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-01-28 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expert biochemist N.V. Bhagavan's new work condenses his successful Medical Biochemistry texts along with numerous case studies, to act as an extensive review and reference guide for both students and experts alike. The research-driven content includes four-color illustrations throughout to develop an understanding of the events and processes that are occurring at both the molecular and macrolecular levels of physiologic regulation, clinical effects, and interactions. Using thorough introductions, end of chapter reviews, fact-filled tables, and related multiple-choice questions, Bhagavan provides the reader with the most condensed yet detailed biochemistry overview available. More than a quick survey, this comprehensive text includes USMLE sample exams from Bhagavan himself, a previous coauthor. - Clinical focus emphasizing relevant physiologic and pathophysiologic biochemical concepts - Interactive multiple-choice questions to prep for USMLE exams - Clinical case studies for understanding basic science, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases - Instructional overview figures, flowcharts, and tables to enhance understanding

Download or read book Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease written by AnnMarie Kocher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease delivers a comprehensive review of nitrite and nitrate biology, from basic biochemistry to the complex physiology and metabolism of these two naturally occurring molecules in the human body. Well-organized and well referenced chapters cover the rich history of nitrite and nitrate, sources of exposure, and the physiological effects when consumed through foods containing nitrite and nitrate. The chapters are written by leading experts, all of whom share their research and perspectives in order to help define the context for benefits vs. any potential risks associated with nitrite and nitrate use, either through dietary ingestion or therapeutic dosing. This diverse collection of authors includes vascular biologists, physiologists, physicians, epidemiologists, cancer biologists, registered dieticians, chemists, and public health experts from five countries in both academia and government. Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease provides a balanced view of nitric oxide biochemistry, and nitrite and nitrate biochemistry in physiology and in the food sciences.

Download or read book Goodness of Fit Techniques written by RalphB. D'Agostino and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conveniently grouping methods by techniques, such as chi-squared and empirical distributionfunction , and also collecting methods of testing for specific famous distributions, this usefulreference is the fust comprehensive.review of the extensive literature on the subject. It surveysthe leading methods of testing fit . .. provides tables to make the tests available . .. assessesthe comparative merits of different test procedures . .. and supplies numerical examples to aidin understanding these techniques.Goodness-of-Fit Techniques shows how to apply the techniques . .. emphasizes testing for thethree major distributions, normal, exponential, and uniform . .. discusses the handling of censoreddata .. . and contains over 650 bibliographic citations that cover the field.Illustrated with tables and drawings, this volume is an ideal reference for mathematical andapplied statisticians, and biostatisticians; professionals in applied science fields, including psychologists,biometricians , physicians, and quality control and reliability engineers; advancedundergraduate- and graduate-level courses on goodness-of-fit techniques; and professional seminarsand symposia on applied statistics, quality control, and reliability.

Download or read book Liver Pathophysiology written by Pablo Muriel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver Pathophysiology: Therapies and Antioxidants is a complete volume on morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and treatment of liver diseases. It uses an integral approach towards the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury, and how their deleterious effects may be abrogated by the use of antioxidants. Written by the most prominent authors in the field, this book will be of use to basic and clinical scientists and clinicians working in the biological sciences, especially those dedicated to the study and treatment of liver pathologies. - Presents the most recent advances in hepatology, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress in liver injury. - Provides in vivo and in vitro models to study human liver pathology. - Explains the beneficial effects of antioxidants on liver diseases. - Contains the most recent and modern treatments of hepatic pathologies, including, but not limited to, stem cells repopulation, gene therapy and liver transplantation.