Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Mammary Tumor induced Osteolysis During Bone Metastasis written by Kalyan C. Nannuru and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bone Metastasis and Molecular Mechanisms written by Gurmit Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patients with advanced breast or prostate cancers usually develop bone metastases. The principal complications resulting from metastatic bone disease are pain, spinal cord compression, pathologic fractures and bone marrow suppression. Improving the management of bone metastases is crucial to quality of life for patients with breast and prostate cancer. Advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bone metastasis are driving the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Download or read book Molecular Mediators of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis written by Anna Mourskaia and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Canadian women. The most devastating and deadly feature of the disease is the emergence of metastases. Breast cancer most commonly metastasizes to bone, often leading to a significantly decreased quality of life in affected patients. Despite progress in understanding the underlying molecular biology of breast tumors that relapse to bone, to date there are no therapies capable of curing the disease. Hence, it is essential to gain a more in-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the emergence and growth of breast cancer skeletal metastases. Consequently, it was attempted to: 1) examine the efficacy of targeting a known pathway important for breast cancer metastasis to bone, 2) identify novel mediators of this process and 3) develop a stratification tool capable of identifying patients with breast cancer that possesses a high likelihood of spreading to bone. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-[beta]) signaling is a potent modulator of the invasive and metastatic behavior of breast cancer cells. The work in this thesis demonstrates that expression of a TGF-[beta] ligand trap, which neutralizes TGF-[beta]1 and TGF-[beta]3 in breast cancer cells, diminished their outgrowth in bone and reduced the severity of osteolytic lesion formation. It is further shown that a reduction or loss of host-derived TGF-[beta]1 reduced the incidence of breast tumor outgrowth in the skeleton. Moreover, tumor cells capable of growing within the bone of a TGF-[beta]1 deficient host up-regulated expression of all three TGF-[beta] isoforms within the tumor cells themselves, effectively bypassing the host-deficiency. Next, a gene discovery approach was undertaken to identify novel candidate mediators of breast cancer skeletal metastasis. Invasive breast epithelium was selectively isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM) performed on bone metastases and primary tumors from patients displaying breast cancer with subsequent recurrence to the skeleton. In this search, ABCC5 was found to be overexpressed in osseous metastases compared to primary mammary tumors metastatic to bone. Furthermore, this protein was detected at substantially higher levels in human and mouse breast cancer cells, which metastasize to bone in animal models. Importantly, removal of this protein from these cells resulted in their decreased ability to induce osteolytic bone lesions, which was correlated with a decreased recruitment of osteoclasts, cells responsible for the bone resorption process. Finally, the molecular changes occurring within the primary breast tumor were investigated in an attempt to identify a prognostic bone metastatic signature. Gene expression profiling was performed on estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary breast tumors metastastatic to bone and breast cancers, which spread to soft tissue. A 25-gene signature was derived from the top 100 differentially expressed probes and was found to be capable of discriminating breast tumors metastatic to bone from cancers recurring to visceral sites in an independent gene expression dataset." --
Download or read book Bone Metastasis written by Gurmit Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Most of the morbidity and mortality associated with malignant disease arise from metastases rather than primary tumors. Patients with advanced breast or prostate cancers usually develop bone metastases; at the time of death the skeleton often bears the bulk of their tumor burden. This book covers the latest advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bone metastasis that are now driving the development of new therapeutic strategies, as exemplified by the successful use of bisphosphonates for metastatic bone disease.
Download or read book Bone Metastases written by Vassilios Vassiliou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this book serves both as an introductory and reference book focusing on the field of metastatic bone disease. Featuring contributions from experts in the field, this volume describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of bone metastases, presents the newer advances made in the understanding of the clinical picture and symptoms of patients, analyses the role of bone markers in research and clinical practice and deals with all aspects of imaging modalities applied for the detection and evaluation of bone metastases. Moreover, the use of all available treatment methods, such as radiotherapy, surgery and systemic treatments for the management of patients with metastatic bone disease is discussed in detail. Overall this volume presents a thorough overview of all aspects of metastatic bone disease and provides a comprehensive and concise information resource for researchers, oncologists, orthopaedic surgeons and clinicians dealing with patients with metastatic bone disease.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Gli2 Regulation in Osteolytic Bone Disease written by Rachelle Whitney Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterizing the Roles of IL 11 and CD68 in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis written by McCoy Erin Mills and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular mechanisms regulating the preferential metastasis of breast cancer to bone have not been fully elucidated, but it is hypothesized that local conditions in the bone create an environment conducive to colonization by breast cancer cells and that the breast cancer cells interact directly with cells in the bone. In this dissertation, two goals were pursued: (1) to explore breast cancer secreted interleukin (IL)-11's role on osteoclast function and (2) investigate the expression and potential role of CD68 in breast cancer adhesion to bone. Higher rates of bone metastasis occur in human breast cancer tumors expressing IL-11, a cytokine shown to promote osteoclast formation, but the specific mechanisms are controversial. I determined that breast cancer secreted IL-11 was unable to directly support osteoclast survival or formation in sub-optimal RANKL conditions but instead supports a population of osteoclast progenitors. These findings clarify IL-11's specific role in breast cancer bone metastasis, and future studies are warranted to address the therapeutic potential of IL-11 for treating and preventing breast cancer induced osteolysis. For the second aim, I examined breast cancer cell lines and found that CD68, a lysosomal associated membrane protein associated with breast cancer recurrence, is upregulated in breast cancer lines that have a high capacity to metastasize to bone. A fragment of CD68 was independently identified in a phage display assay to pan for bone adhesion molecules, suggesting CD68 may be involved in breast cancer bone metastasis by acting as a bone adhesion molecule. Expression of CD68 correlated with ability of breast cancer cell lines to adhere to bone, but more specific assays failed to reveal a direct role of CD68 in adhesion to bone. Future studies are needed to characterize CD68's exact role in breast cancer, but the discovery of breast cancer expression may have implications for the common use of CD68 as a macrophage marker, and may provide insight into CD68's correlation as a risk factor for breast cancer recurrence. These studies contribute to the foundation of work necessary for developing specific therapeutics by contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating breast cancer bone metastasis.
Download or read book Principles of Bone Biology written by John P. Bilezikian and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-09-29 with total page 2074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Bone Biology provides the most comprehensive, authoritative reference on the study of bone biology and related diseases. It is the essential resource for anyone involved in the study of bone biology. Bone research in recent years has generated enormous attention, mainly because of the broad public health implications of osteoporosis and related bone disorders. Provides a "one-stop" shop. There is no need to search through many research journals or books to glean the information one wants...it is all in one source written by the experts in the field The essential resource for anyone involved in the study of bones and bone diseases Takes the reader from the basic elements of fundamental research to the most sophisticated concepts in therapeutics Readers can easily search and locate information quickly as it will be online with this new edition
Download or read book Evaluating Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Breast Cancer Bone Metastases written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Apo2L TRAIL in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis written by Le Minh Thai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes two studies, one in vitro and one in vivo, which show that Apo2L/TRAIL can prevent breast cancer-induced bone destruction, and highlight the potential of this ligand for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in bone. They also highlight the complexity of Apo2L/TRAIL signalling, and the need for further studies into this area to fully exploit the potential of Apo2L/TRAIL as an anti-cancer agent for breast and other cancers.
Download or read book Metastatic Cancer Clinical and Biological Perspectives written by Rahul Jandial and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.
Download or read book Myeloma Bone Disease written by G. David Roodman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-28 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the forefront in the science and clinical management of myeloma bone disease. Coverage begins with sections on clinical presentation, imaging, and biochemical markers and goes on to discuss radiation, surgical, and medical therapies.
Download or read book Tumor Invasion and Metastasis written by L.A. Liotta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The clinical significance of tumor spread has always been appreciated. Yet, in spite of the pioneering work and outstanding contributions of investigators such as D. Coman, H. Green, B. Fisher, S. Wood and I. Zeidman, studies on metastasis rarely achieved the popularity afforded to more esoteric areas of tumor biology. Tumor dissemination, occurring as it does in a responding host and being composed of a series of dynamic int~ractions, is a highly complex phenomenon. Few investigators were brave enough to attempt to unravel the mechanisms involved. Paradoxically, this very complexity may have contributed, in part, to the recent upsurge of interest in metastasis research. More and more researchers are becoming fascinated by the complexities of the cellular interactions involved in tumor spread. Accompanying this intellectual stimulation have been technological advances in related fields which allow the derivation of new model systems. The mechanisms of metastatic spread are increasingly amenable to both the reductionist and holistic approaches and it is the purpose of this volume to present many of these model systems while emphasizing the intricacy and complexity of the processes they mimic. We have attempted to emphasize two topics not previously covered in depth in previous books on metastases. These are in vitro models of invasion and in teractions of tumor cells with connective tissue.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance written by Aamir Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.
Download or read book Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein written by Bernard P. Halloran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-03-04 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its discovery, a substantial body of information has been amassed concerning the functions of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in normal and malignant states. This book provides a state-of-the-art discussion of the major aspects of PTHrP biology and pathophysiology, in addition to presenting a historical perspective and discussions on the molecular biology of PTHrP, its mechanism of action, bioassays and radioimmunoassays, and its role in normal physiology. The book will be a primary resource for physicians interested in the clinical aspects of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia and mineral metabolic disorders. It will also serve as a primary resource for basic scientists in skeletal and renal physiology, tumor biology, and hormone action. PROPOSED CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION (A. BROADUS). HISTORY. Identification of Clinical Syndrome of MAH. Evidence for Unique PTH-Like Factor. ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF PTHrP. CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION OF PTHrP. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PTHrP (D. GOLTZMAN). GENE STRUCTURE. Intron and Exon Boundaries. Identification of Promoter and Putative Regulatory Elements. Alternative Splicing. EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP TO PTH GENE. EXPRESSION OF PTHrP (M. THIEDE). EXPRESSION IN TUMOR TISSUES. EXPRESSION IN NORMAL TISSUES. EXPRESSION IN CELL CULTURE. SECRETED FORMS. ASSAY OF PTHrP AND ITS ROLE IN MAH (A. STEWART, W. BURTIS). BIO- AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS. SERUM CONCENTRATIONS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND CANCER PATIENTS. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPRESSION OF PTHRP AND HYPERCALCEMIA. EFFECTS ON TARGET TISSUES. Bone. Kidney. ROLE OF FACTORS OTHER THAN PTHrP IN MAH. MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PTHrP (R. NISSENSON, G. STREWLER). RECEPTOR BINDING AND CELL SIGNALING. IMPLICATIONS FOR STRUCTURE-FUNCTION FOR PTHrP FAMILY. PTHrP IN NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY (J. MARTIN). EMBRYONIC AND NEONATAL DEVELOPMENT. LACTATION. RELATIONSHIP TO PTH.
Download or read book Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy written by Neil J. Clendeninn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-09-17 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutting-edge investigators review the current status of the entire field, from the biology of MMPs through the current clinical studies. The authors include many leading scientists from pharmaceutical companies who present all the latest concepts and results on the preferred design strategies for MMP inhibitors, their molecular mechanisms, and their substrates. In addition, they fully describe their personal research on specific MMP inhibitors, detailing vanguard design strategies, their in vitro activity, the outcome of animal model studies and, where available, their toxicology, safety, efficacy in human clinical trials. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy offers basic and clinical investigators alike a richly informative summary of all the latest research on these powerful new drugs, and their high promise as emerging cancer therapeutics.
Download or read book Hypercalcemia of Malignancy written by Friedhelm Raue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypercalcemia is the most common life-threatening metabolic disorder associated with cancer. The pathophysiological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of hypercalcemia of malignancy are presented in this issue, with a focus on the recently discovered humoral factor responsible for the development of hypercalcemia. With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition and the development of new potent drugs, capable of inhibiting bone resorption, especially bisphosphonates, the clinician will be more successful in correcting hypercalcemia in the great majority of patients.
