Download or read book Modelling Offshore Wind Farm Operation and Maintenance with View to Estimating the Benefits of Condition Monitoring written by Yu, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore wind energy is progressing rapidly and playing an increasingly important role in electricity generation. Since the Kyoto Protocol in February 2005, Europe has been substantially increasing its installed wind capacity. Compared to onshore wind, offshore wind allows the installation of larger turbines, more extensive sites, and encounters higher wind speed with lower turbulence. On the other hand, harsh marine conditions and the limited access to the turbines are expected to increase the cost of operation and maintenance (O&M costs presently make up approximately 20-25% of the levelised total lifetime cost of a wind turbine). Efficient condition monitoring has the potential to reduce O&M costs. In the analysis of the cost effectiveness of condition monitoring, cost and operational data are crucial. Regrettably, wind farm operational data are generally kept confidential by manufacturers and wind farm operators, especially for the offshore ones.To facilitate progress, this thesis has investigated accessible SCADA and failure data from a large onshore wind farm and created a series of indirect analysis methods to overcome the data shortage including an onshore/offshore failure rate translator and a series of methods to distinguish yawing errors from wind turbine nacelle direction sensor errors. Wind turbine component reliability has been investigated by using this innovative component failure rate translation from onshore to offshore, and applies the translation technique to Failure Mode and Effect Analysis for offshore wind. An existing O&M cost model has been further developed and then compared to other available cost models. It is demonstrated that the improvements made to the model (including the data translation approach) have improved the applicability and reliability of the model. The extended cost model (called StraPCost+) has been used to establish a relationship between the effectiveness of reactive and condition-based maintenance strategies. The benchmarked cost model has then been applied to assess the O&M cost effectiveness for three offshore wind farms at different operational phases.Apart from the innovative methodologies developed, this thesis also provides detailed background and understanding of the state of the art for offshore wind technology, condition monitoring technology. The methodology of cost model developed in this thesis is presented in detail and compared with other cost models in both commercial and research domains.
Download or read book Modelling Offshore Wind Farm Operation and Maintenance written by Xi Yu and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wind turbine is of course far more complicated than just a tower topped with a big fan, especially for the offshore ones. Wind energy as a green energy resource with zero fuel requirements, and thus no processing waste, has been assuming an increasingly important role in energy generation. Offshore wind farms with their steady output and low sensual impact have been gradually accepted by the public and authorities. Once built, the only cost for a wind farm is the operation and maintenance cost. Therefore, the question of how to reduce the failure rate and the operation and maintenance costs, and make offshore wind energy cheaper, is particularly pertinent, and is discussed in great detail here. This book details the various aspects of wind energy, and is accessible to the lay reader without any specialist knowledge. It explores the numerous concepts associated with offshore wind farm operation and maintenance with condition monitoring system, and vividly presents the the basics of wind energy, augmenting this with a large amount of valuable real wind farm case studies.
Download or read book Modelling Offshore Wind Farm Operation and Maintenance written by XI. YU and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wind turbine is of course far more complicated than just a tower topped with a big fan, especially for the offshore ones. Wind energy as a green energy resource with zero fuel requirements, and thus no processing waste, has been assuming an increasingly important role in energy generation. Offshore wind farms with their steady output and low sensual impact have been gradually accepted by the public and authorities. Once built, the only cost for a wind farm is the operation and maintenance cost. Therefore, the question of how to reduce the failure rate and the operation and maintenance costs, and make offshore wind energy cheaper, is particularly pertinent, and is discussed in great detail here. This book details the various aspects of wind energy, and is accessible to the lay reader without any specialist knowledge. It explores the numerous concepts associated with offshore wind farm operation and maintenance with condition monitoring system, and vividly presents the the basics of wind energy, augmenting this with a large amount of valuable real wind farm case studies.
Download or read book Techno economic Evaluation of Condition Monitoring and Its Utilisation for Operation and Maintenance of Wind Turbines Using Probabilistic Simulation Modelling written by David McMillan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Condition monitoring systems are installed in wind turbines with the goal of providing component-specific information to wind farm operators, which is the key prerequisite of a condition-based maintenance policy. Theoretically, adoption of a condition based maintenance policy will increase equipment availability, operational efficiency and economic yield: this is achieved via maintenance and operating actions based on the condition monitoring information. As with many good theoretical ideas, condition monitoring for wind turbines is imperfect. This fact has inhibited widespread utilisation of the technology and associated maintenance policies until now. Electricity generation companies' experience of such systems is mixed: the most widely-held view being that onshore wind turbine condition monitoring systems are not cost-effective (or marginally so), whereas in the offshore case, economic and technical benefits of CM systems will be substantial - closer to the theoretical case. These views, however, are based on anecdotal evidence and extrapolation rather than any kind of analytic approach, and such perceptions cannot take account of all the relevant factors. It can be concluded that the economic case for condition monitoring applied to wind turbines is currently not well quantified and the factors involved are not fully understood. In order to make more informed decisions regarding whether deployment of condition monitoring for wind turbines is economically justified, a methodology for capturing the processes involved is proposed in this thesis. The specific form of the methodology is quantitative analysis comprising probabilistic methods: discrete-time Markov Chains, Monte Carlo methods and time series modelling. The flexibility and insight provided by this framework captures the operational nuances of this complex problem, thus enabling quantitative evaluation of wind turbine condition monitoring systems and condition based maintenance in a variety of operational scenarios. The proposed methodology therefore tackles a problem which has not been addressed in literature or by industry until now.
Download or read book Maintenance Management of Wind Turbines written by Fausto Pedro García Márquez and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Maintenance Management of Wind Turbines” considers the main concepts and the state-of-the-art, as well as advances and case studies on this topic. Maintenance is a critical variable in industry in order to reach competitiveness. It is the most important variable, together with operations, in the wind energy industry. Therefore, the correct management of corrective, predictive and preventive politics in any wind turbine is required. The content also considers original research works that focus on content that is complementary to other sub-disciplines, such as economics, finance, marketing, decision and risk analysis, engineering, etc., in the maintenance management of wind turbines. This book focuses on real case studies. These case studies concern topics such as failure detection and diagnosis, fault trees and subdisciplines (e.g., FMECA, FMEA, etc.) Most of them link these topics with financial, schedule, resources, downtimes, etc., in order to increase productivity, profitability, maintainability, reliability, safety, availability, and reduce costs and downtime, etc., in a wind turbine. Advances in mathematics, models, computational techniques, dynamic analysis, etc., are employed in analytics in maintenance management in this book. Finally, the book considers computational techniques, dynamic analysis, probabilistic methods, and mathematical optimization techniques that are expertly blended to support the analysis of multi-criteria decision-making problems with defined constraints and requirements.
Download or read book Operational Expenditure Optimisation Utilising Condition Monitoring for Offshore Wind Parks written by Allan May and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a strong desire to increase the penetration of renewable energy sources inthe UK electricity market. Offshore wind energy could be a method to achieve this. However, there are still issues, both technical and economical, that hinder the development and exploitation of this energy source.A condition based maintenance plan that relies on fully integrating the input from condition monitoring and structural health monitoring systems could be the method to solve many of these issues. Improved maintenance scheduling has the potential to reduce maintenance costs, increase energy production and reduce the overall cost of energy. While condition monitoring systems for gearboxes, generators and main bearings have become common place over the last few years, the deployment of other monitoring systems has been slower. This could be due to the expense and complication of monitoring an entire wind farm. Wind park operators, correctly, would like to see proof that their investment will be prudent.To assist wind park operators and owners with this decision, an offshore wind operations and maintenance model that attempts to model the impacts of using monitoring systems has been developed. The development of the model is shown in this analysis: multiple methodologies are used to capture deterioration and the abilities of monitoring systems. At each stage benchmarks are shown against other models and available data. This analysis has a breadth and scope not currently addressed in literature and attempts to give insight to industry that was previously unavailable.
Download or read book Offshore Wind Turbines written by Peter Tavner and published by IET. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore Wind Turbines clearly presents the facts and figures of wind turbine operation and maintenance in the inclement offshore environment.
Download or read book Structural Health and Prognostics Management for Offshore Wind Turbines written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operations and maintenance costs for offshore wind plants are significantly higher than the current costs for land-based (onshore) wind plants. One way to reduce these costs would be to implement a structural health and prognostic management (SHPM) system as part of a condition based maintenance paradigm with smart load management and utilize a state-based cost model to assess the economics associated with use of the SHPM system. To facilitate the development of such a system a multi-scale modeling approach developed in prior work is used to identify how the underlying physics of the system are affected by the presence of damage and faults, and how these changes manifest themselves in the operational response of a full turbine. This methodology was used to investigate two case studies: (1) the effects of rotor imbalance due to pitch error (aerodynamic imbalance) and mass imbalance and (2) disbond of the shear web; both on a 5-MW offshore wind turbine in the present report. Based on simulations of damage in the turbine model, the operational measurements that demonstrated the highest sensitivity to the damage/faults were the blade tip accelerations and local pitching moments for both imbalance and shear web disbond. The initial cost model provided a great deal of insight into the estimated savings in operations and maintenance costs due to the implementation of an effective SHPM system. The integration of the health monitoring information and O & M cost versus damage/fault severity information provides the initial steps to identify processes to reduce operations and maintenance costs for an offshore wind farm while increasing turbine availability, revenue, and overall profit.
Download or read book Structural Health and Prognostics Management for Offshore Wind Turbines written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operations and maintenance costs for offshore wind plants are significantly higher than the current costs for land-based (onshore) wind plants. One way to reduce these costs would be to implement a structural health and prognostic management (SHPM) system as part of a condition based maintenance paradigm with smart load management and utilize a state-based cost model to assess the economics associated with use of the SHPM system. To facilitate the development of such a system a multi-scale modeling and simulation approach developed in prior work is used to identify how the underlying physics of the system are affected by the presence of damage and faults, and how these changes manifest themselves in the operational response of a full turbine. This methodology was used to investigate two case studies: (1) the effects of rotor imbalance due to pitch error (aerodynamic imbalance) and mass imbalance and (2) disbond of the shear web; both on a 5-MW offshore wind turbine in the present report. Sensitivity analyses were carried out for the detection strategies of rotor imbalance and shear web disbond developed in prior work by evaluating the robustness of key measurement parameters in the presence of varying wind speeds, horizontal shear, and turbulence. Detection strategies were refined for these fault mechanisms and probabilities of detection were calculated. For all three fault mechanisms, the probability of detection was 96% or higher for the optimized wind speed ranges of the laminar, 30% horizontal shear, and 60% horizontal shear wind profiles. The revised cost model provided insight into the estimated savings in operations and maintenance costs as they relate to the characteristics of the SHPM system. The integration of the health monitoring information and O & M cost versus damage/fault severity information provides the initial steps to identify processes to reduce operations and maintenance costs for an offshore wind farm while increasing turbine availability, revenue, and overall profit.
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Maintenance Strategies for Offshore Wind Turbines Based on Condition Monitoring Systems written by Julia Walgern and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An offshore wind farm's cost of energy is, to a large extent, driven by operation and maintenance costs. Through the optimization of the maintenance strategies for offshore wind farms, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) will be further reduced, which will ceteris paribus lead to a higher competitiveness of offshore wind farms with other energy sources. This study pro-poses an event-based simulation of an offshore wind farm comprising 400 MW. The aim of the model is to minimize the total cost, and thus to maximize the revenues from the wind farm. Therefore, corrective, condition-based, and scheduled maintenance strategies are compared, and constraints, such as weather conditions and service team shifts, are taken into consideration. When hourly electricity spot prices are applied instead of feed-in tariffs, results show that weekly scheduled maintenance on a Saturday dayshift (starting at 8 am) is the most cost-efficient scenario. Condition monitoring systems have been found to be advantageous and are set as a standard application regarding the turbines. The impact of scheduled maintenance frequency, the distance between the offshore site and the coast, the interest rate, and altering reliability data are further analyzed.
Download or read book Offshore Wind Energy Generation written by Olimpo Anaya-Lara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The offshore wind sector’s trend towards larger turbines, bigger wind farm projects and greater distance to shore has a critical impact on grid connection requirements for offshore wind power plants. This important reference sets out the fundamentals and latest innovations in electrical systems and control strategies deployed in offshore electricity grids for wind power integration. Includes: All current and emerging technologies for offshore wind integration and trends in energy storage systems, fault limiters, superconducting cables and gas-insulated transformers Protection of offshore wind farms illustrating numerous system integration and protection challenges through case studies Modelling of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and full-converter wind turbines structures together with an explanation of the smart grid concept in the context of wind farms Comprehensive material on power electronic equipment employed in wind turbines with emphasis on enabling technologies (HVDC, STATCOM) to facilitate the connection and compensation of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms Worked examples and case studies to help understand the dynamic interaction between HVDC links and offshore wind generation Concise description of the voltage source converter topologies, control and operation for offshore wind farm applications Companion website containing simulation models of the cases discussed throughout Equipping electrical engineers for the engineering challenges in utility-scale offshore wind farms, this is an essential resource for power system and connection code designers and pratitioners dealing with integation of wind generation and the modelling and control of wind turbines. It will also provide high-level support to academic researchers and advanced students in power and renewable energy as well as technical and research staff in transmission and distribution system operators and in wind turbine and electrical equipment manufacturers.
Download or read book On Maintenance Optimization for Offshore Wind Farms written by François Besnard and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring Based on SCADA Data written by Yue Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind energy has an increasingly essential role in meeting electrical power demand and achieving environmental sustainability. The excellent offshore wind resource and the need to reduce carbon emissions from electricity generation are driving policy to increase offshore wind generation capacity in UK waters. Access and maintenance offshore can be difficult and will be more costly than onshore and availability correspondingly lower and as a result there is a growing interest in wind turbine condition monitoring allowing condition based, rather than responsive or scheduled, maintenance. Existing wind turbine condition monitoring methods, such as vibration analysis and oil debris detection, require expensive sensors. The additional costs can be substantial considering the number of turbines typically deployed in offshore wind farms and in addition, costly expertise is generally required to interpret the results. In contrast, the potential to extend the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data based analysis approach is considerable and could add real value to the condition monitoring with little or no cost to the wind farm operator. This thesis focuses on wind turbine condition monitoring that utilises exclusively data from SCADA systems. The aim is to detect incipient wind turbine operational faults or failures before they evolve to catastrophic failures, so that preventative maintenance or corrective action can be scheduled in time, hence reducing downtime and potentially preventing wider damage. Useful component condition indicators are derived by comparing incoming operational SCADA data with the results for relevant variables, like component temperature that reflect component condition, derived from relevant models trained on SCADA data from a healthy wind turbine. Incipient failures are identified through anomalous behaviour in the variables of interest manifest in the SCADA data. This approach is first applied to individual wind turbines, but then extended to include other wind turbines operating under similar conditions to derive component condition indicators through inter-machine comparison. This is demonstrated to facilitate significant savings in computational effort and model complexity compared to the repetitive development of individual turbine models. In addition, a real time wind turbine power curve is implemented based on SCADA data, and compared with a reference power curve to identify anomalous behaviour, through minor changes in the power curve, in a timely manner.
Download or read book Modelling the Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Wind Farms written by Iain Dinwoodie and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are ambitious plans for renewable energy sources to provide a significant contribution to the future energy mix. The huge potential capacity and relative maturity compared to other offshore technologies has resulted in a strong commercial focus on offshore wind, particularly in Europe. However, costs of offshore wind remain significantly higher than conventional generation approaches as well as onshore wind. Reducing the cost associated with operations and maintenance of offshore wind remains a key challenge in decreasing lifetime cost of energy and achieving cost parity with alternative generation technologies. The combination of nascent turbine and infrastructure design, moving into more challenging sea state and wind environments and the highly commercial nature of the industry has prevented the maintenance costs of offshore wind being adequately reduced through early operating experience alone. In order to accelerate the reduction of costs and critically to understand the uncertainty associated with future sites and novel operating strategies, it is necessary to simulate maintenance operations. This thesis has developed an offshore wind operations and maintenance expenditure model and specified a decision support methodology for this purpose. The models enable the quantification of the influence of cost drivers for current and future offshore wind farms and provide an improved understanding of the uncertainty associated with operating decisions. Using the developed models, a detailed sensitivity analysis of the influence on lifetime costs from operational climate, failure behaviour, wind farm configuration and external cost drivers has been carried out to provide new insights on the industry. Operational climate and failure behaviour are identified as the critical cost drivers and sources of uncertainty currently. In addition, a detailed analysis of operational strategies for major repairs that involve the use of high cost, specialist vessels has been carried out for the first time, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of different strategies. Finally, a case study demonstrating how decision support models can be used to determine the optimal strategy choices for operators and reduce uncertainty has been performed. The analysis in this thesis provides new insights on the industry and the developed methodologies have the potential to deliver significant financial savings in the future.
Download or read book Offshore Wind Energy Technology written by Olimpo Anaya-Lara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE TO THE MOST RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN OFFSHORE WIND TECHNOLOGY Offshore Wind Energy Technology offers a reference based on the research material developed by the acclaimed Norwegian Research Centre for Offshore Wind Technology (NOWITECH) and material developed by the expert authors over the last 20 years. This comprehensive text covers critical topics such as wind energy conversion systems technology, control systems, grid connection and system integration, and novel structures including bottom-fixed and floating. The text also reviews the most current operation and maintenance strategies as well as technologies and design tools for novel offshore wind energy concepts. The text contains a wealth of mathematical derivations, tables, graphs, worked examples, and illustrative case studies. Authoritative and accessible, Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Contains coverage of electricity markets for offshore wind energy and then discusses the challenges posed by the cost and limited opportunities Discusses novel offshore wind turbine structures and floaters Features an analysis of the stochastic dynamics of offshore/marine structures Describes the logistics of planning, designing, building, and connecting an offshore wind farm Written for students and professionals in the field, Offshore Wind Energy Technology is a definitive resource that reviews all facets of offshore wind energy technology and grid connection.
Download or read book Offshore Wind Farms written by Chong Ng and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore Wind Farms: Technologies, Design and Operation provides the latest information on offshore wind energy, one of Europe’s most promising and quickly maturing industries, and a potentially huge untapped renewable energy source which could contribute significantly towards EU 20-20-20 renewable energy generation targets. It has been estimated that by 2030 Europe could have 150GW of offshore wind energy capacity, meeting 14% of our power demand. Offshore Wind Farms: Technologies, Design and Operation provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging technologies, design, and operation of offshore wind farms. Part One introduces offshore wind energy as well as offshore wind turbine siting with expert analysis of economics, wind resources, and remote sensing technologies. The second section provides an overview of offshore wind turbine materials and design, while part three outlines the integration of wind farms into power grids with insights to cabling and energy storage. The final section of the book details the installation and operation of offshore wind farms with chapters on condition monitoring and health and safety, amongst others. Provides an in-depth, multi-contributor, comprehensive overview of offshore technologies, including design, monitoring, and operation Edited by respected and leading experts in the field, with experience in both academia and industry Covers a highly relevant and important topic given the great potential of offshore wind power in contributing significantly to EU 20-20-20 renewable energy targets
Download or read book Modeling Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems written by Karam Maalawi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is a major governmental goal worldwide. The main target, hopefully by 2050, is to move away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector and then switch to clean power to fuel transportation, buildings and industry. This book discusses important issues in the expanding field of wind farm modeling and simulation as well as the optimization of hybrid and micro-grid systems. Section I deals with modeling and simulation of wind farms for efficient, reliable and cost-effective optimal solutions. Section II tackles the optimization of hybrid wind/PV and renewable energy-based smart micro-grid systems.
