Download or read book Microwave Breast Imaging Techniques and Measurement Systems written by Lulu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic waves at microwave frequencies allow penetration into many optically non-transparent mediums such as biological tissues. Over the past 30 years, researchers have extensively investigated microwave imaging (MI) approaches including imaging algorithms, measurement systems and applications in biomedical fields, such as breast tumor detection, brain stroke detection, heart imaging and bone imaging. Successful clinical trials of MI for breast imaging brought worldwide excitation, and this achievement further confirmed that the MI has potential to become a low-risk and cost-effective alternative to existing medical imaging tools such as X-ray mammography for early breast cancer detection. This chapter offers comprehensive descriptions of the most important MI approaches for early breast cancer detection, including reconstruction procedures and measurement systems as well as apparatus.
Download or read book Microwave Imaging Methods and Applications written by Matteo Pastorino and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave Imaging Methods and Applications provides practitioners and researchers with a complete overview of the latest and most important noninvasive and nondestructive techniques for inspecting structures and bodies by using microwaves. Placing emphasis on applications, the book considers many areas, from medical imaging and security… to industrial engineering and subsurface prospection. For each application, readers are presented with the objectives of the inspection and related challenges. Moreover, this groundbreaking resource details computational methods that can be used to solve inverse problems related to specific applications. Including clear examples or the most significant practical results, this forward-looking reference focuses on systems that have been recently developed. Professionals gain the knowledge needed to compare imaging methods used in different applications and develop new uses of imaging apparatuses and systems.
Download or read book An Introduction to Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection written by Raquel Cruz Conceição and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collates past and current research on one of the most promising emerging modalities for breast cancer detection. Readers will discover how, as a standalone technology or in conjunction with another modality, microwave imaging has the potential to provide reliable, safe and comfortable breast exams at low cost. Current breast imaging modalities include X- ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Positron Emission Tomography. Each of these methods suffers from limitations, including poor sensitivity or specificity, high cost, patient discomfort, and exposure to potentially harmful ionising radiation. Microwave breast imaging is based on a contrast in the dielectric properties of breast tissue that exists at microwave frequencies. The book begins by considering the anatomy and dielectric properties of the breast, contrasting historical and recent studies. Next, radar-based breast imaging algorithms are discussed, encompassing both early-stage artefact removal, and data independent and adaptive beamforming algorithms. In a similar fashion, microwave tomographic reconstruction algorithms are reviewed in the following chapter, introducing the reader to both the fundamental and more advanced algorithms. Apart from imaging, the book also reviews research efforts in extracting clinically useful information from the Radar Target Signature of breast tumours, which is used to classify tumours as either benign or malignant. Finally, the book concludes by describing the current state of the art in terms of prototype microwave breast imaging systems, with a particular emphasis on those which have progressed to the clinical evaluation stage. This work is motivated by the fact that breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death amongst women in Europe and the US, and the second most common cancer in the world today. Such an important area of research will appeal to many scholars and practitioners.p>
Download or read book Mammography and Beyond written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-04 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray mammography screening is the current mainstay for early breast cancer detection. It has been proven to detect breast cancer at an earlier stage and to reduce the number of women dying from the disease. However, it has a number of limitations. These current limitations in early breast cancer detection technology are driving a surge of new technological developments, from modifications of x-ray mammography such as computer programs that can indicate suspicious areas, to newer methods of detection such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or biochemical tests on breast fluids. To explore the merits and drawbacks of these new breast cancer detection techniques, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences convened a committee of experts. During its year of operation, the committee examined the peer-reviewed literature, consulted with other experts in the field, and held two public workshops. In addition to identifying promising new technologies for early detection, the committee explored potential barriers that might prevent the development of new detection methods and their common usage. Such barriers could include lack of funding from agencies that support research and lack of investment in the commercial sector; complicated, inconsistent, or unpredictable federal regulations; inadequate insurance reimbursement; and limited access to or unacceptability of breast cancer detection technology for women and their doctors. Based on the findings of their study, the committee prepared a report entitled Mammography and Beyond: Developing Technology for Early Detection of Breast Cancer, which was published in the spring of 2001. This is a non-technical summary of that report.
Download or read book Microwave Breast Imaging Techniques in Two and Three Dimensions written by Anastasia Baran and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical imaging at microwave frequencies has shown potential for breast cancer detection and monitoring. The advantages of microwave imaging over current imaging techniques are that it is relatively inexpensive, and uses low-energy, non-ionizing radiation. It also provides a quantitative measurement of the dielectric properties of tissues, which offers the ability to characterize tissue types. Microwave imaging also comes with significant drawbacks. The resolution is poor compared to other imaging modalities, which presents challenges when trying to resolve fine structures. It is also not very sensitive to low contrast objects, and the accuracy of recovered tissue properties can be poor. This thesis shows that the use of prior information in microwave imaging inversion algorithms greatly improves the resulting images by minimizing mathematical difficulties in reconstruction that are due to the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. The focus of this work is to explore novel methods to obtain and use prior information in the microwave breast imaging problem. We make use of finite element contrast source inversion (FEM-CSI) software formulated in two and three dimensions (2D, 3D). This software has the ability to incorporate prior information as an inhomogeneous numerical background medium. We motivate the usefulness of prior information by developing a simulated annealing technique that segments experimental human forearm images into tissue regions. Tissue types are identified and the resulting map of dielectric properties is used as prior information for the 2D FEM-CSI code. This results in improvements to the reconstructions, demonstrating the ability of prior information to improve breast images. We develop a combined microwave tomography/radar algorithm, and demonstrate that it is able to reconstruct images of superior quality, compared to either technique used alone. The algorithm is applied to data from phantoms containing tumours of decreasing size and can accurately monitor the changes. The combined algorithm is shown to be robust to the choice of immersion medium. This property allows us to design an immersion medium-independent algorithm, in which a numerical background can be used to reduce the contrast. We also develop a novel march-on-background technique that reconstructs high quality images using data collected in multiple immersion media.
Download or read book Breast Imaging written by Arshad M. Malik and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book watches out for the issues on making moves for chest radiology in carcinoma of the chest. It focuses on all parts of radiological approaches to manage the breast illness, be it light (optical), sound (ultrasound), interest, microwave, electrical impedance, blend of these modalities, and a section of the incredibly intense issues on computer-aided detection. The dedication of the eminent analysts in this book has incorporated a lot of energy for the people who are adequately drawn in with the clinical organization of this ailment and also for the students of radiology and surgery alike. This book will definitely be appreciated and well taken by the surgeons, radiologists, and other professionals involved in this field. The contributions are excellent in terms of diagnostic approach by radiological means and would certainly be a step forward in making it possible to reach to a conclusive diagnosis of breast cancer much before it becomes inoperable. The chapters included will further our knowledge and to the best of my belief will make things easier and definable in terms of diagnosis of breast cancer.
Download or read book Application of Microwave Techniques in Breast Imaging written by Guangran Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microwave Imaging written by Matteo Pastorino and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-27 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the most relevant theoretical and algorithmic aspects of modern microwave imaging approaches Microwave imaging—a technique used in sensing a given scene by means of interrogating microwaves—has recently proven its usefulness in providing excellent diagnostic capabilities in several areas, including civil and industrial engineering, nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysical prospecting, and biomedical engineering. Microwave Imaging offers comprehensive descriptions of the most important techniques so far proposed for short-range microwave imaging—including reconstruction procedures and imaging systems and apparatus—enabling the reader to use microwaves for diagnostic purposes in a wide range of applications. This hands-on resource features: A review of the electromagnetic inverse scattering problem formulation, written from an engineering perspective and with notations The most effective reconstruction techniques based on diffracted waves, including time- and frequency-domain methods, as well as deterministic and stochastic space-domain procedures Currently proposed imaging apparatus, aimed at fast and accurate measurements of the scattered field data Insight on near field probes, microwave axial tomographs, and microwave cameras and scanners A discussion of practical applications with detailed descriptions and discussions of several specific examples (e.g., materials evaluation, crack detection, inspection of civil and industrial structures, subsurface detection, and medical applications) A look at emerging techniques and future trends Microwave Imaging is a practical resource for engineers, scientists, researchers, and professors in the fields of civil and industrial engineering, nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysical prospecting, and biomedical engineering.
Download or read book Contribution to Quantitative Microwave Imaging Techniques for Biomedical Applications written by Tommy Henriksson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Technologies for Medical Diagnostics written by Lorenzo Crocco and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic (EM) radio-wave technologies for medical imaging represent an emerging alternative diagnostic modality with some unique features, which is attracting the attention of many researchers worldwide. Diagnostic devices based on EM technology have no side-effects, as they exploit non-ionizing radiation, and their intrinsic low cost makes them sustainable for healthcare systems. This Special Issue provides a comprehensive account of this very active research area by gathering contributions that cover a variety of topics ranging from fundamental research questions to experimental validation and clinical translation.
Download or read book Microwave Time domain Radar for Monitoring Breast Health written by Emily Porter and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Early detection of breast cancer is vital for successful treatment of the disease. The current standard screening technology is X-ray mammography; however, it exposes the breast to ionizing radiation and painful compression, with poor sensitivity in dense tissues. Microwave imaging of the breast has been proposed in recent years as a complementary modality to X-ray mammography. Based on the contrast in dielectric properties of healthy and malignant breast tissues, microwave techniques offer the potential for low-cost, non-invasive breast screening without ionizing radiation.This thesis presents a newly developed experimental system for time-domain microwave breast cancer detection using multistatic radar. The system operates by transmitting a short-duration pulse into the breast, and collecting the scattered response. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a breast monitoring system that can track healthy patients with regular breast scans, comparing past and present ones to detect a possible abnormality at an early stage. The thesis first presents successful imaging of tumors in realistic breast phantoms, after compensation of measurement noise using a cross-correlation method for signal time-alignment. Then, the system is integrated into a patient-ready interface, and two clinical trials are performed: one trial follows 13 healthy patients over an 8-month period with monthly breast scans (total of 342 breast scans), and the other tracks a single patient with daily scans over one month (total of 108 scans). These trials are the first attempt at breast monitoring, with patients, using a time-domain microwave system. Data from the trials is used to quantify the level of change seen in both collected signals and reconstructed images due to healthy tissue variations. It is found that for several of the patients, the results are highly consistent over all scan occasions; however, the results for some patients are lacking in repeatability. Through this clinical trial, several potential avenues for improvement and optimization of the system have been identified. The thesis then presents the development of three wideband, flexible antennas for a microwave breast imaging application. The antennas are designed for use over the 2 - 4 GHz range, and are optimized for direct contact with the skin. The antenna behaviour is fully characterized, with return loss below -10 dB for all flexing positions, for measurements both on phantom and on-body. One of the antennas (a rectangular patch) is selected for implementation in a novel wearable array for breast imaging. The array is embedded in a bra, and a month-long clinical trial of daily scans of one patient is conducted. The wearable array represents a significant step forward in terms of a microwave system for breast monitoring, as the antennas and radome structure are both extremely cost-effective, lightweight, and relatively compact. The trial results with the new array demonstrate improved consistency in scans over that of the original trial scenario, and offer promise for future breast monitoring systems. " --
Download or read book Image Enhancement Techniques in a Microwave Breast Imaging System written by Navin Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Breast Imaging written by Keith D. Paulsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-11 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical imaging has been transformed over the past 30 years by the advent of computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and various advances in x-ray and ultrasonic techniques. An enabling force behind this progress has been the (so far) exponentially increasing power of computers, which has made it practical to explore fundamentally new approaches. In particular, what our group terms "model-based" modalities-which produce tissue property images from data using nonlinear, iterative numerical modeling techniques-have become increasingly feasible. Alternative Breast Imaging: Four Model-Based Approaches explores our research on four such modalities, particularly with regard to imaging of the breast: (1) MR elastography (MRE), (2) electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), (3) microwave imaging spectroscopy (MIS), and (4) near infrared spectroscopic imaging (NIS). Chapter 1 introduces the present state of breast imaging and discusses how our alternative modalities can contribute to the field. Chapter 2 looks at the computational common ground shared by all four modalities. Chapters 2 through 10 are devoted to the four modalities, with each modality being discussed first in a theory chapter and then in an implementation-and-results chapter. The eleventh and final chapter discusses statistical methods for image analysis in the context of these four alternative imaging modalities. Imaging for the detection of breast cancer is a particularly interesting and relevant application of the four imaging modalities discussed in this book. Breast cancer is an extremely common health problem for women; the National Cancer Institute estimates that one in eight US women will develop breast cancer at least once in her lifetime. Yet the efficacy of the standard (and notoriously uncomfortable) early-detection test, the x-ray mammogram, has been disputed of late, especially for younger women. Conditions are thus ripe for the development of affordable techniques that replace or complement mammography. The breast is both anatomically accessible and small enough that the computing power required to model it, is affordable.
Download or read book Development of a Dual mode Microwave ultrasound Breast Imaging System written by Hannah Fogel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis reports on the development and testing of 2-D and 3-D ultrasound (US) breast imaging systems, as well as a novel integrated microwave-ultrasound breast imaging system that uses US-derived prior information to enhance microwave imaging (MWI). The dual-mode system is designed to overcome the challenges present in current breast cancer screening and diagnostic techniques, namely, the use of ionizing radiation, the dependence on a skilled clinician to perform the scan and painful compression of the breast during imaging. The USI systems presented herein utilize a stationary array of transceivers that surround the breast being imaged. Tissue-mimicking phantoms designed to have sound-speeds similar to real breast tissue were developed, and details of their design are reported. Reconstruction results for several 2-D and 3-D phantoms are shown, demonstrating the ability of our USI system to produce quantitative images of the speed of sound inside an object of interest. The integrated dual-mode system makes use of the new 3-D USI system along with an existing air-based MWI system. Features of the dual-mode design include the ability to obtain scattered field measurements for both imaging modalities with little to no movement of the breast, as well as not requiring the breast to be compressed, nor the use of an immersion medium. A workflow for dual-mode imaging has been developed, including the investigation of several techniques for producing and incorporating US-derived prior information into the MW finite-element method contrast source inversion algorithm. Data were obtained using each imaging modality as well as the integrated system for two simple dual-mode breast phantoms, and the resulting quantitative reconstructions shown. The impact of different types of prior information on the MW reconstructions is discussed. An improved ability for tumour-detection using a simple thresholding technique is demonstrated for the dual-mode system, as compared to either system on its own.
Download or read book Medical Applications of Microwave Imaging written by Lawrence E. Larsen and published by IEEE. This book was released on 1986 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics of Mammographic Imaging written by Mia K. Markey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the increasing number of digital mammograms and the advent of new kinds of three-dimensional x-ray and other forms of medical imaging, mammography is undergoing a dramatic change. To meet their responsibilities, medical physicists must constantly renew their knowledge of advances in medical imaging or radiation therapy, and must be prepared to function at the intersection of these two fields. Physics of Mammographic Imaging gives an overview on the current role and future potential of new alternatives to mammography in the context of clinical need, complementary approaches, and ongoing research. This book provides comprehensive coverage on the fundamentals of image formation, image interpretation, analysis, and modeling. It discusses the use of mammographic imaging in the detection, diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of breast cancer. Expert authors give a balanced summary of core topics such as digital mammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, stereomammography, breast tomosynthesis, and breast CT. The book highlights the use of mammographic imaging with complementary breast imaging modalities such as ultrasound, MRI, and nuclear medicine techniques. It discusses critical issues such as computer-aided diagnosis, perception, and quality assurance. This is an exciting time in the development of medical imaging, with many new technologies poised to make a substantial impact on breast cancer care. This book will help researchers and students get up to speed on crucial developments and contribute to future advances in the field.
Download or read book Microwave Imaging and Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problems written by Loreto Di Donato and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-20 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave imaging techniques allow for the development of systems that are able to inspect, identify, and characterize in a noninvasive fashion under different scenarios, ranging from biomedical to subsurface diagnostics as well as from surveillance and security applications to nondestructive evaluation. Such great opportunities, though, are actually severely limited by difficulties arising from the solution of the underlying inverse scattering problem. As a result, ongoing research efforts in this area are devoted to developing inversion strategies and experimental apparatus so that they are as reliable and accurate as possible with respect to reconstruction capabilities and resolution performance, respectively. The intent of this Special Issue is to present the experiences of leading scientists in the electromagnetic inverse scattering community, as well as to serve as an assessment tool for people who are new to the area of microwave imaging and electromagnetic inverse scattering problems.
