Download or read book Microvascular Networks written by Aleksander Popel and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1986 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 2800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine offers researchers over 200 articles covering every aspect of cardiovascular research and medicine, including fully annotated figures, abundant color illustrations and links to supplementary datasets and references. With contributions from top experts in the field, this book is the most reputable and easily searchable resource of cardiovascular-focused basic and translational content for students, researchers, clinicians and teaching faculty across the biomedical and medical sciences. The panel of authors chosen from an international board of leading scholars renders the text trustworthy, contemporary and representative of the global scientific expertise in these domains. The book's thematic structuring of sections and in-depth breakdown of topics encourages user-friendly, easily searchable chapters. Cross-references to related articles and links to further reading and references will further guide readers to a full understanding of the topics under discussion. Readers will find an unparalleled, one-stop resource exploring all major aspects of cardiovascular research and medicine. Presents comprehensive coverage of every aspect of cardiovascular medicine and research Offers readers a broad, interdisciplinary overview of the concepts in cardiovascular research and medicine with applications across biomedical research Includes reputable, foundational content on genetics, cancer, immunology, cell biology and molecular biology Provides a multi-media enriched color-illustrated text with high quality images, graphs and tables.

Download or read book Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction written by Filippo Crea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades a number of studies have shown that abnormalities in the function and structure of coronary microcirculation can be detected in several cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of the clinical setting in which it occurs, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) can be classified into four types: CMD in the absence of any other cardiac disease; CMD in myocardial diseases; CMD in obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease; and iatrogenic CMD. In some instances CMD represents an epiphenomenon, whereas in others it represents an important marker of risk or may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, thus becoming a possible therapeutic target. This book provides an update on coronary physiology and a systematic assessment of microvascular abnormalities in cardiovascular diseases, in the hope that it will assist clinicians in prevention, detection and management of CMD in their everyday activity.

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Download or read book Vascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine written by Wolfgang Holnthoner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work presents the basic principles of angiogenesis induction, including the roles of signaling factors such as hypoxia-inducible factors, biophysical stimulation and angiogenic cells. The book also covers lymphogenesis induction. Both the established fundamentals in the field as well as new trends in the vascularization of engineered tissues are discussed. These include pre-vascularization strategies using preparation of channeled scaffolds and preparation of decellularized blood vessel trees, approaches to inducing formation of microvasculature and approaches to inducing the growth of vascular networks. The authors expand on these concepts with current studies of dual-level approaches to engineer vascularized tissue composites. The book concludes with a discussion of current clinical approaches and the use of vascular grafts in the context of providing clinical practice with new tissue engineering strategies.

Download or read book Three dimensional Microvascular Networks for Tissue Engineering written by Taylor M. Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microvascular Mechanics written by Jen-Shih Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . we do not know a truth without knowing its cause. Aristotle Perhaps the greatest hope that may be entertained for a scientific work, whether experimental or theoretical, is that it leads to new thoughts and new avenues of investigation on the part of its readers. In microvascular mechanics, the interplay of rheology, anatomy, and cellular and organ function has only just begun to be addressed. To understand the operational behavior of microcirculation, there is a need to integrate studies at the cellular or molecu lar level with a quantitative, biomechanical description of the circulatory system. The symposium entitled "Frontiers in Cardiopulmonary Mechanics" held in June 1988 at the University of Virginia was intended to provide a fundamental approach to the description of the circulation from the per spective of microvascular mechanics and to examine new methodology that may advance this effort. This book arose out ofthe work presented at the symposium. Aristotle expressed well the need to pursue the causes of a phenomenon in order to achieve a truthful understanding of its nature. In this spirit has each of the quantitative sciences progressed, and in this spirit we hope that this book will provide some understanding of the microvascular events and bio mechanical mechanisms underlying the behavior of circulation in general, and of pulmonary and skeletal muscle microcirculation in particular. The integrated treatment of pulmonary and systemic microcirculation provided here is intended to encourage the cross-fertilization of these two research fields.

Download or read book Engineered Perfusable Human Microvascular Networks on a Microfluidic Chip written by Jordan Ari Whisler and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we developed a reliable platform for engineering perfusable, microvascular networks on-demand using state of the art microfluidics technology. We have demonstrated the utility of this platform for studying cancer metastasis and as a test bed for drug discovery and analysis. In parallel, this platform enabled us to study, in a highly controlled environment, the physiologic processes of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis to further elucidate their underlying mechanisms. In addition to using our platform for real-time observation of physiological processes, we also took advantage of the ability to influence these processes through precise control of the extracellular environment. By manipulating the mechanical and bio-chemical inputs to our system, we controlled the dynamics of microvascular network formation as well as key properties of the network morphology. These findings will aid in the design and engineering of organ specific constructs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Finally, we explored the potential use of stem cells for engineering microvascular networks in our system. We found that human mesenchymal stem cells can act as secondary, support cells during microvascular network formation.

Download or read book Inflammation and the Microcirculation written by D. Neil Granger and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microcirculation is highly responsive to, and a vital participant in, the inflammatory response. All segments of the microvasculature (arterioles, capillaries, and venules) exhibit characteristic phenotypic changes during inflammation that appear to be directed toward enhancing the delivery of inflammatory cells to the injured/infected tissue, isolating the region from healthy tissue and the systemic circulation, and setting the stage for tissue repair and regeneration. The best characterized responses of the microcirculation to inflammation include impaired vasomotor function, reduced capillary perfusion, adhesion of leukocytes and platelets, activation of the coagulation cascade, and enhanced thrombosis, increased vascular permeability, and an increase in the rate of proliferation of blood and lymphatic vessels. A variety of cells that normally circulate in blood (leukocytes, platelets) or reside within the vessel wall (endothelial cells, pericytes) or in the perivascular space (mast cells, macrophages) are activated in response to inflammation. The activation products and chemical mediators released from these cells act through different well-characterized signaling pathways to induce the phenotypic changes in microvessel function that accompany inflammation. Drugs that target a specific microvascular response to inflammation, such as leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion or angiogenesis, have shown promise in both the preclinical and clinical studies of inflammatory disease. Future research efforts in this area will likely identify new avenues for therapeutic intervention in inflammation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Historical Perspectives / Anatomical Considerations / Impaired Vasomotor Responses / Capillary Perfusion / Angiogenesis / Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion / Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions / Coagulation and Thrombosis / Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction / Epilogue / References

Download or read book Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function written by Sarah Y. Yuan and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood–tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care.

Download or read book Directed Assembly of Three Dimensional Microvascular Networks written by Daniel Therriault and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Direct Ink Writing of Microvascular Networks written by Willie Wu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature is replete with examples of embedded microvascular systems that enable efficient fluid flow and distribution for autonomic healing, cooling, and energy harvesting. The ability to incorporate microvascular networks in functional materials systems is therefore both scientifically and technologically important. In this PhD thesis, the direct-write assembly of planar and 3D biomimetic microvascular networks within polymer and hydrogel matrices is demonstrated. In addition, the influence of network design of fluid transport efficiency is characterized. Planar microvascular networks composed of periodic lattices of uniformal microchannels and hierarchical, branching architectures are constructed by direct-write assembly of a fugitive organic ink. Several advancements are required to facilitate their patterning, including pressure valving, dual ink printing, and dynamic pressure variation to allow tunable control of ink deposition. The hydraulic conductance is measured using a high pressure flow meter as a function of network design. For a constant vascular volume and areal coverage, 2- and 4-generation branched architectures that obey Murray's Law exhibited the highest hydraulic conductivity. These experimental observations are in good agreement with predictions made by analytic models. 3D microvascular networks are fabricated by omnidirectional printing a fugitive organic ink into a photopolymerizable hydrogel matrix that is capped with fluid filler of nearly identical composition. Using this approach, 3D networks of arbitrary design can be patterned. After ink deposition is complete, the matrix and fluid filler are chemically cross-linked via UV irradiation, and the ink is removed by liquefication. Aqueous solutions composed of a triblock copolymer of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-PEO constitute the materials system of choice due to their thermal- and concentration-dependent phase behavior. Specifically, the fugitive ink consists of a 23 w/w% PEO-PPO-PEO (Pluronic F127) solution, while matrix (25 w/w%) and fluid filler (20 w/w%) are composed of an acrylate-modified form of the Pluronic F127 that can be subsequently photopolymerized. The ink and matrix concentrations exceed the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 22 w/w% and thus reside in a physical gel state. At their respective concentrations, they possess an elastic plateau modulus G' > 104 Pa needed for ink filament formation, shape retention, and support during the printing process. By contrast, the fluid filler is formulated below the CMC to facilitate its flow into void spaces created as the nozzle translates through the matrix during printing. After printing is completed, photopolymerization is carried out to yield a chemically cross-linked matrix from which the fugitive ink is removed leaving behind the desired 3D microvascular network. Due to the potential application of 3D microvasularized hydrogels in tissue engineering, dye diffusion through the cured Pluronic F127-diacrylate matrix is investigated via fluorescent microscopy. Image analysis is used to extract diffusion profiles of the dye as a function of time. Extraction of the 1-D Gaussian fitting parameters is used to determine the spatial peak variance 1̐đ2 and plotted as a function of time to determine the dye diffusivity.

Download or read book Radiation Induced Changes in Microvascular Networks written by Noah M. Roth and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microvascular Networks written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microvascular Research Biology and Pathology Two Volume Set written by David Shepro and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 1353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microvasculature refers to the smallest blood vessels, arterial and venous, that nurture the tissues of each organ. Apart from transport, they also contribute to the systematic regulation of the body. In everyday terminology, the microcirculation is "where the action is." Microcirculation is directly involved in such disease states as Alzheimers, inflammation, tumor growth, diabetic retinopathy, and wound healing- plus cardiovascular fitness is directly related to the formation of new capillaries in large muscles. Microvascular Research is the first book devoted exclusively to this vital systemic component of the cardiovascular system and provides up to date mini-reviews of normal functions and clinical states. The contributing authors are senior scientists with international reputation in their given disciplines. This two-volume set is a broad, interdisciplinary work that encompasses basic research and clinical applications equally. * Broad coverage of both basic and clinical aspects of microvasculature research * Contains 167 chapters from over 300 international authors * Each chapter includes key figures and annotated references

Download or read book Oxygen Sensing written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-05-10 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in oxygenation underlies a multitude of developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. This volume provides a comprehensive compendium of experimental approaches to the study of oxygen sensing in 48 chapters that are written by leaders in their fields.