Download or read book Microbial Metal Respiration written by Johannes Gescher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-21 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes can respire on metals. This seemingly simple finding is one of the major discoveries that were made in the field of microbiology in the last few decades. The importance of this observation is evident. Metals are highly abundant on our planet. Iron is even the most abundant element on Earth and the forth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Hence, in some environments iron, but also other metals or metalloids, are the dominant respiratory electron acceptors. Their reduction massively drives the carbon cycle in these environments and establishes redox cycles of the metallic electron acceptors themselves. These redox cycles are not only a driving force for other biotic reactions but are furthermore necessary for initiating a number of geochemically relevant abiotic redox conversions. Although widespread and ecologically influential, electron transfer onto metals like ferric iron or manganese is biochemically challenging. The challenge is to transfer respiratory electrons onto metals that occur in nature at neutral pH in the form of metal oxides or oxihydroxides that are effectively insoluble. Obviously, it is necessary that the microbes specially adapt in order to catalyze the electron transfer onto insoluble electron acceptors. The elucidation of these adaptations is an exciting ongoing process. To sum it up, dissimilatory metal reduction has wide-spread implications in the field of microbiology, biochemistry and geochemistry and its discovery was one of the major reasons to establish a novel scientific field called geomicrobiology. Recently, the discovery of potential applications of dissimilatory metal reducers in bioremediation or current production in a microbial fuel cell further increased the interest in studying microbial metal reduction.
Download or read book Microbial Respiration written by Walter P. Hempfling and published by Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company. This book was released on 1979 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycles written by Katerina Dontsova and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elements move through Earth's critical zone along interconnected pathways that are strongly influenced by fluctuations in water and energy. The biogeochemical cycling of elements is inextricably linked to changes in climate and ecological disturbances, both natural and man-made. Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact examines the influences and effects of biogeochemical elemental cycles in different ecosystems in the critical zone. Volume highlights include: Impact of global change on the biogeochemical functioning of diverse ecosystems Biological drivers of soil, rock, and mineral weathering Natural elemental sources for improving sustainability of ecosystems Links between natural ecosystems and managed agricultural systems Non-carbon elemental cycles affected by climate change Subsystems particularly vulnerable to global change The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Book Review: http://www.elementsmagazine.org/archives/e16_6/e16_6_dep_bookreview.pdf
Download or read book Respiration in Archaea and Bacteria written by Davide Zannoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-02-17 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the achievements of the past decade in the biochemistry, bioenergetics, structural and molecular biology of respiratory processes in selected genera of the domain Bacteria along with an extensive coverage of the redox chains of extremophiles belonging to the Archaean domain. The volume is a unique piece of work since it contains a series of chapters dealing with metabolic features having important microbiological and ecological relevance such as the use of ammonium, iron, methane, sulfur and hydrogen as respiratory substrates or nitrous compounds in denitrification processes. Particular attention is also dedicated to peculiar groups of prokaryotes such as Gram positives, acetic acid bacteria, pathogens of the genera Helicobacter and Campylobacter, nitrogen fixing symbionts and free-living species, oxygenic phototrophs (Cyanobacteria) and anoxygenic (purple non-sulfur) phototrophs. The book is intended to be a long-term source of information for Ph.D. students, researchers and undergraduates from disciplines such as microbiology, biochemistry and ecology, studying basic and applied sciences, medicine and agriculture.
Download or read book Microbial Respiration in Soil written by Cinthia Kleis Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiology written by Nina Parker and published by . This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology's art program enhances students' understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs. Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology."--BC Campus website.
Download or read book Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria has made in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function essential in order to give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the genomic information. Clearly describing the important metabolic processes that occur in prokaryotes under different conditions and in different environments, this advanced text provides an overview of the key cellular processes that determine bacterial roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Prokaryotic structure is described as well as the means by which nutrients are transported into cells across membranes. Glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the TCA cycle are discussed, as well as other trophic variations found in prokaryotes, including the use of organic compounds, anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic respiratory processes, and photosynthesis. The regulation of metabolism through control of gene expression and control of the activity of enzymes is also covered, as well as survival mechanisms used under starvation conditions.
Download or read book Respiration in Archaea and Bacteria written by Davide Zannoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-03-31 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiration in Archaea and Bacteria summarizes the achievements of the past decade in the biochemistry, bioenergetics, structural and molecular biology of respiratory processes in selected groups of prokaryotes. It includes a series of Chapters providing an extensive coverage of the respiratory membrane-bound bacterial redox complexes and enzymes; it also covers evolution of respiration, cytochrome c biogenesis, bacterial haemoglobins, and oxidases as redox sensors.
Download or read book Microbial Ecology of the Oceans written by Josep M. Gasol and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The newly revised and updated third edition of the bestselling book on microbial ecology in the oceans The third edition of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans features new topics, as well as different approaches to subjects dealt with in previous editions. The book starts out with a general introduction to the changes in the field, as well as looking at the prospects for the coming years. Chapters cover ecology, diversity, and function of microbes, and of microbial genes in the ocean. The biology and ecology of some model organisms, and how we can model the whole of the marine microbes, are dealt with, and some of the trophic roles that have changed in the last years are discussed. Finally, the role of microbes in the oceanic P cycle are presented. Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, Third Edition offers chapters on The Evolution of Microbial Ecology of the Ocean; Marine Microbial Diversity as Seen by High Throughput Sequencing; Ecological Significance of Microbial Trophic Mixing in the Oligotrophic Ocean; Metatranscritomics and Metaproteomics; Advances in Microbial Ecology from Model Marine Bacteria; Marine Microbes and Nonliving Organic Matter; Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Oxygen-Deficient Water Columns; The Ocean’s Microscale; Ecological Genomics of Marine Viruses; Microbial Physiological Ecology of The Marine Phosphorus Cycle; Phytoplankton Functional Types; and more. A new and updated edition of a key book in aquatic microbial ecology Includes widely used methodological approaches Fully describes the structure of the microbial ecosystem, discussing in particular the sources of carbon for microbial growth Offers theoretical interpretations of subtropical plankton biogeography Microbial Ecology of the Oceans is an ideal text for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and colleagues from other fields wishing to learn about microbes and the processes they mediate in marine systems.
Download or read book Respiration in Archaea and Bacteria written by Davide Zannoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-20 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the achievements of the past decade in the biochemistry, bioenergetics, structural and molecular biology of respiratory processes in selected genera of the domain Bacteria along with an extensive coverage of the redox chains of extremophiles belonging to the Archaean domain. The volume is a unique piece of work since it contains a series of chapters dealing with metabolic features having important microbiological and ecological relevance such as the use of ammonium, iron, methane, sulfur and hydrogen as respiratory substrates or nitrous compounds in denitrification processes. Particular attention is also dedicated to peculiar groups of prokaryotes such as Gram positives, acetic acid bacteria, pathogens of the genera Helicobacter and Campylobacter, nitrogen fixing symbionts and free-living species, oxygenic phototrophs (Cyanobacteria) and anoxygenic (purple non-sulfur) phototrophs. The book is intended to be a long-term source of information for Ph.D. students, researchers and undergraduates from disciplines such as microbiology, biochemistry and ecology, studying basic and applied sciences, medicine and agriculture.
Download or read book Diversity of Bacterial Respiratory Systems written by Christopher J. Kowles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the aim of this book to present reviews on a wide range of aspects of bacterial respiratory systems. Because the on-going publication elsewhere of reviews on bacterial respiration, ablanket coverage of the field has not been attempted. Rather, a range of topics have been selected, either because they are of special current interest, they have not been reviewed recently, or they have never been reviewed.
Download or read book The Rhizosphere written by Zoe G. Cardon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Below the soil surface, the rhizosphere is the dynamic interface among plant roots, soil microbes and fauna, and the soil itself, where biological as well as physico-chemical properties differ radically from those of bulk soil. The Rhizosphere is the first ecologically-focused book that explicitly establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes. This book includes chapters that emphasize the effects of rhizosphere biology on long-term soil development, agro-ecosystem management and responses of ecosystems to global change. Overall, the volume seeks to spur development of cross-scale links for understanding belowground function in varied natural and managed ecosystems. First cross-scale ecologically-focused integration of information at the frontier of root, microbial, and soil faunal biology Establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes Includes valuable information on ecosystem response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhanced global nitrogen deposition Chapters written by a variety of experts, including soil scientists, microbial and soil faunal ecologists, and plant biologists
Download or read book Modeling Microbial Respiration written by Paul Igboji and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-07-31 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms are major agents by which C and energy move through the soil. Soils provide a major source and sink for greenhouse gases particularly CO2, CH4 and N2O.The global C cycle (Pidwimy, 2005; RCEP, 1996; Houghton and Hackler., 1995). The world's soils represent a very large reservoir of C. The amount of C in decaying plant litter and soil organic matter (SOM) may exceed the amount in living biomass by a factor of 2 or 3 (RCEP, 1996; EE, 1993). A pool of 9,322 Mt C is present in British soils, peat and litter and 114 Mt C in British vegetation (with 80% of this value in forests and woodlands). The release of CO2 from soils is a natural process, occurring through the oxidation of SOM and plant litter by microbial populations. The rate at which CO2 is released depends on land use and soil management. Accelerated loss can be triggered by the changes in land use for example when forests or grasslands are converted to arable cropping (RCEP, 1996).C can accumulate in soil when arable land is converted to grassland or forest but it takes about ten times longer to build up soil C following conversion to pasture than it takes to deplete C stocks after pasture land has been ploughed (RCEP, 1996). It has been observed that C accumulates much more slowly following a change from arable to pasture; 49 t C ha-1 might be added over 275 years half of it in the first 38 years (RCEP, 1996; Cannel et al., 1994). Human influence on the natural cycle has resulted in the accelerated release as atmospheric CO2, contained in the chalk, limestone, and fossil fuels formed over a very long time from oceanic sediments (RCEP, 1996). Living cells need a constant supply of energy, which for heterotrophic microflora is derived from the transformation of organic matter such as cellulose, proteins, nucleotides and humifieds compounds. Energy supplying reactions in the cell are redox reactions based on the transfer of electrons from a donor to an acceptor. Through aerobic respiration that is the oxidation of organic matter by aerobic micro-organisms oxygen functions as the terminal acceptor of the electrons. The metabolic activities of soil micro-organisms can therefore be quantified by measuring the CO2 production or O2 consumption (Alef, 1995; Nannipieri et al., 1990). Soil respiration is one of the oldest and still most frequently used parameters for quantifying microbial activities in soils (Kieft and Rosacker, 1991). Basal respiration is defined as respiration without the addition of organic substance to soil. Substrate-induced respiration (SIR) is the soil respiration measured in the presence of an added substrate such as glucose. Respiration is not only restricted to micro-organisms but it is also carried out by other organisms inhabiting the soils. Like other metabolic activities it depends on the physiological state of the cells and is influenced by different factors in the soil (Alef, 1995). Respiration is influenced by soil moisture, temperature, the availability of nutrients, soil structure and tillage. Air drying significantly reduces soil respiration. Re-moistened soils however show very high initial activities; probably as a result of the high concentrations of easily degradable organic compounds such as amino and organic acids caused by chemical and physical processes at the moistening of dry soils (Clark and Kemper, 1967; Anderson, 1975; Wilson and Griffin, 1975a, 1975b; Kowalenko et al., 1978; Krockel and Stolp, 1986; Kieft et al., 1987). The re-moistening of air dry soils containing carbonate also causes the release of abiotic CO2. In this case it is recommended that the O2 consumption is measured (Anderson, 1982; Kieft et al., 1987). Soil respiration decreases with the depth of soil and correlates significantly with SOM (Corg), and most microbial parameters. This book describes additional benefits of using CENTURY 4.0 model to simulate microbial respiration.
Download or read book Kinetics of Microbial Respiration written by Qusheng Jin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Download or read book Microbial BioEnergy Hydrogen Production written by Davide Zannoni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme of this book “Microbial BioEnergy: Hydrogen Production” is focused on the biological machinery that microorganisms use to produce hydrogen gas. The book summarizes the achievements over the past decade in the biochemistry, structural and molecular biology, genomics and applied aspects of microbial H2-production, including microbial fuel cells (MFC), by phototrophs such as purple sulfur and non-sulfur bacteria (Thiocapsa spp., Rhodobacter and Rhodopseudomonas spp.) microalgae (Chlamydomonas) and cyanobacteria (Anabaena spp.) along with anaerobes and thermophiles such as Caldicellulosiruptor and Thermotoga. This is the first book of this series entirely devoted to microbial bio-hydrogen production and is intended to be a precious source of information for PhD students, researchers and undergraduates from disciplines such as microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, photochemistry and chemical engineering, interested in basic and applied sciences.
Download or read book Root and Microbial Respiration in Soils a Review written by María del Carmen Santa-Regina and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest soil respiration is the sum of heterotrophic (microbes, soil fauna) and autotrophic (root) respiration. The contribution of each group needs to be understood to evaluate implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO2. This CO2 is acquired from the atmosphere and converted into organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis. Plants use these organic compounds to build structural components or respire them to release energy. When plant respiration occurs below-ground in the roots, it adds to soil respiration. Over time, plant structural components are consumed by heterotrophs. This heterotrophic consumption releases CO2 and when this CO2 is released by below-ground organisms, it is considered soil respiration. The amount of soil respiration that occurs in an ecosystem is controlled by several factors. The temperature, moisture, nutrient content and level of oxygen in the soil can produce extremely disparate rates of respiration. These rates of respiration can be measured in a variety of methods as well as to separate the source components.
