Download or read book Mechanism and Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Neurodegenerative Disease Therapies written by Zhi Sun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating disorders defined as loss of function or progressive destructing structure of the nervous system with high prevalence among the aging population. These diseases mainly include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They are significantly associated with age and degeneration, becoming a devastating global health issue as a result of the growth of mean life expectancy worldwide. Few or no effective treatments are available for age-related neurodegenerative diseases, causing large socioeconomic and personal costs. The last 15 years have seen a boom in the use and integration of “omic” approaches (such as genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic and metabolomic techniques) to study neurodegenerative disease in an unprecedented way. While, to date, no therapy based on these approaches is available to cure neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new, safe, and effective drug candidates and treatment strategies. In this Research Topic, our prime focus would be on the use and integration of “omic” approaches to study biomarkers, pathogenesis, disease progression and new therapeutic target of neurodegenerative diseases, so as to search for new, safe, and effective drug candidates.
Download or read book Levodopa pharmacokinetics from stomach to brain written by Maria Nord and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and it is caused by a loss of dopamine (DA) producing neurons in the basal ganglia in the brain. The PD patient suffers from motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity and treatment with levodopa (LD), the precursor of DA, has positive effects on these symptoms. Several factors affect the availability of orally given LD. Gastric emptying (GE) is one factor and it has been shown to be delayed in PD patients resulting in impaired levodopa uptake. Different enzymes metabolize LD on its way from the gut to the brain resulting in less LD available in the brain and more side effects from the metabolites. By adding dopa decarboxylase inhibitors (carbidopa or benserazide) or COMT-inhibitors (e.g. entacapone) the bioavailability of LD increases significantly and more LD can pass the blood-brain-barrier and be converted to DA in the brain. It has been considered of importance to avoid high levodopa peaks in the brain because this seems to induce changes in postsynaptic dopaminergic neurons causing disabling motor complications in PD patients. More continuously given LD, e.g. duodenal or intravenous (IV) infusions, has been shown to improve these motor complications. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) has also been proven to improve motor complications and to make it possible to reduce the LD dosage in PD patients. In this doctoral thesis the main purpose is to study the pharmacokinetics of LD in patients with PD and motor complications; in blood and subcutaneous tissue and study the effect of GE and PD stage on LD uptake and the effect of continuously given LD (CDS) on LD uptake and GE; in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when adding the peripheral enzyme inhibitors entacapone and carbidopa to LD infusion IV; in brain during STN DBSand during oral or IV LD treatment. To conclude, LD uptake is more favorable in PD patients with less severe disease and GE is delayed in PD patients. No obvious relation between LD uptake and GE or between GE and PD stage is seen and CDS decreases the LD levels. Entacapone increases the maximal concentration of LD in blood and CSF. This is more evident with additional carbidopa and important to consider in avoiding high LD peaks in brain during PD treatment. LD in brain increases during both oral and IV LD treatment and the DA levels follows LD well indicating that PD patients still have capacity to metabolize LD to DA despite probable pronounced nigral degeneration. STN DBS seems to increase putaminal DA levels and together with IV LD treatment also increases LD in brain possibly explaining why it is possible to decrease LD medication after STN DBS surgery. Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är en av de vanligaste s.k. neurodegenerativasjukdomarna och orsakas av förlust av dopamin(DA)producerande nervceller i hjärnan. Detta orsakar motoriska symptom såsom skakningar, stelhet och förlångsammade rörelser. Levodopa (LD) är ett ämne, som kan omvandlas till DA i hjärnan och ge symptomlindring och det är oftast förstahandsval vid behandling av patienter med PS. Flera faktorer påverkar tillgängligheten av LD, bl.a. den hastighet som magsäcken tömmer sig med och denna verkar förlångsammad hos personer med PS vilket ger sämre tillgänglighet av LD i blodet och därmed i hjärnan. LD bryts även ner i hög grad av olika enzym ute i kroppen vilket leder till mindre mängd LD som hamnar i hjärnan och till fler nedbrytningsprodukter som orsakar biverkningar. Tillägg av enzymhämmare leder till ökad mängd LD som kan nå hjärnan och omvandlas till DA. Det anses viktigt att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan då dessa verkar bidra till utvecklandet av besvärliga motoriska komplikationer hos patienter med PS. Om LD ges mer kontinuerligt, exempelvis som en kontinuerlig infusion in i tarmen eller i blodet, så minskar dessa motoriska komplikationer. Inopererande av stimulatorer i vissa delar av hjärnan (DBS) har också visat sig minska dessa motoriska komplikationer och även resultera i att man kan minska LD-dosen. Huvudsyftet med den här avhandlingen är att studera LD hos patienter med PS; i blod och fettvävnad då LD ges i tablettform och se om det finns något samband med LD-upptag och hastigheten på magsäckstömningen (MT) och om kontinuerligt given LD påverkar LD-upptaget eller MT; i blod och i ryggmärgsvätska då enzymhämmarna entakapon och karbidopa tillsätts LD; i hjärna vid behandling med DBS och då LD ges både som tablett och som infusion i blodet. Sammanfattningsvis kan vi se att LD-upptaget är mer gynnsamt hos patienter med PS i tidigare skede av sjukdomens komplikationsfas. MT är förlångsammad hos patienter med PS och det är inget tydligt samband mellan LD-upptag och MT eller mellan MT och sjukdomsgrad. Kontinuerligt given LD minskar LDnivåerna. Enzymhämmaren entakapon ökar den maximala koncentrationen av LD i blod och ryggmärgsvätska och effekten är mer tydlig vid tillägg av karbidopa vilket är viktigt att ta i beaktande vid behandling av PS för att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan. LD ökar i hjärnan då man behandlar med LD i tablettform och som infusion i blodet och DA-nivåerna i hjärnan följer LD väl vilket visar på att patienter med PS fortfarande kan omvandla LD till DA trots trolig uttalad brist av de DA-producerande nervcellerna i hjärnan. DBS verkar öka DA i vissa områden i hjärnan och tillsammans med LD-infusion i blodet verkar det även öka LD i hjärnan och det kan förklara varför man kan sänka LDdosen efter DBS-operation.
Download or read book Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Nagehan Ersoy Tunalı and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurodegenerative diseases represent a very large group of heterogeneous disorders affecting specific subtypes of neurons in the brain. This book contributes insight both to the awareness of the brain and its neurodegenerative states. The chapters present current knowledge regarding genetics, molecular mechanisms, and new therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative disorders. The book is intended to serve as a source to aid clinicians and researchers in the field, and also life science readers to increase their understanding and awareness of the clinical correlations, genetic aspects, neuropathological findings, and current therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. I believe that this book will enlighten the curiosity for neurodegeneration and also encourage researchers to work on potentially effective molecular therapies for still mysterious neurodegenerative disorders.
Download or read book Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Shamim I. Ahmad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editor of this volume, having research interests in the field of ROS production and the damage to cellular systems, has identified a number of enzymes showing ·OH scavenging activities details of which are anticipated to be published in the near future as confirmatory experiments are awaited. It is hoped that the information presented in this book on NDs will stimulate both expert and novice researchers in the field with excellent overviews of the current status of research and pointers to future research goals. Clinicians, nurses as well as families and caregivers should also benefit from the material presented in handling and treating their specialised cases. Also the insights gained should be valuable for further understanding of the diseases at molecular levels and should lead to development of new biomarkers, novel diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic drugs to treat the clinical problems raised by these devastating diseases.
Download or read book Neurological Disorders written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there are several gaps in understanding the many issues related to neurological disorders, we know enough to be able to shape effective policy responses to some of the most common. This book describes and discusses the increasing public health impact of common neurological disorders such as dementia, epilepsy, headache disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuroinfections, neurological disorders associated with malnutrition, pain associated with neurological disorders, Parkinson's disease, stroke and traumatic brain injuries. It provides information and advice on public health interventions that may reduce their occurrence and consequences, and offers health professionals and planners the opportunity to assess the burden caused by these disorders. The clear message that emerges is that unless immediate action is taken globally, the neurological burden is likely to become an increasingly serious and unmanageable.
Download or read book Kyoto University Bulletin written by Kyōto Daigaku and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parkinson s Disease written by National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain) and published by Royal College of Physicians. This book was released on 2006 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System written by Kewal K. Jain and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2009-12-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Playing an important role in the treatment of neurological disorders, the delivery of drugs to central nervous system (CNS), both administered directly and administered systematically for targeted action, encounters a major challenge in the form of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the access of drugs to the brain substance. In Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System, experts in the field present essential methods used to deliver therapeutics across the BBB, both in experimental animals and in humans. In addition to those methods, several overviews of innovative methods and their applications are presented in order to give a glimpse of the future of this research. As a volume in the successful Neuromethods series, this book presents its protocols with the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System serves as an ideal guide to scientists continuing to pursue knowledge of the delicate interactions between pharmaceuticals and the brain.
Download or read book Regenerative Pharmacology written by George J. Christ and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art primer on the role of pharmacological sciences in regenerative medicine, for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers.
Download or read book Nutraceuticals written by Ramesh C Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 1397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutraceuticals: Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity, Second Edition, brings together everything that is currently known about nutraceuticals and their potential toxic effects. The book introduces readers to nutraceuticals, herbal medicines, Ayurvedic medicines, prebiotics, probiotics, adaptogens, and their uses and specific applications. This essential reference discusses the mechanism of action for the judicious use of these nutraceuticals and the best tools for their evaluation before detailing the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals and interactions with other therapeutic drugs. Finally, and crucially, regulatory aspects from around the world are covered. Completely revised and updated, this updated edition provides toxicologists, pharmacologists, pharmaceutical scientists, and those interested in medicinal plants and natural products with a comprehensive overview of the most effective tools upon which to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics and alternative medicines. Presents a completely revised and updated resource on the impact of nutraceuticals and various disease states such as diabetes and ophthalmic and dermal diseases Grants an overview of the current state-of-the-science of nutraceuticals, their use and applications, and known adverse effects Provides effective tools to evaluate the potential toxicity of any nutraceutical Includes details of regulatory issues as written by international experts
Download or read book Traditional Chinese Medicine Organ Vascular Injury Volume II written by Jing-Yan Han and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-25 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organ vascular injury is the basis of multiple organ damage. which is a complex pathological process with multiple mechanisms and links among mechanisms contributing to the disease. To cope much management often focuses a single drug on a single target which is frequently not entirely effective. Chinese medicine with a long traditional history extending more than 2000 years is a medical system that applies multiple ingredients associated with the resolution of complex disease problems. Numerous compounded Chinese medicines have shown very desirable effects on organ vascular injury related disease in clinical use. For example, a number of studies over the past decades has revealed a positive protective and therapeutic effect of compounded Chinese medicines and their major ingredients on Ischemia reperfusion-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and lungs. These compounded medications contain diverse bioactive components with demonstrated ability to target energy metabolism; possess antioxidant effects; inhibit inflammatory cytokine release; alter adhesion molecule expression in leukocytes, platelets, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protect against thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation.
Download or read book Scientific Basis for Ayurvedic Therapies written by Lakshmi C. Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-29 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguably the oldest form of health care, Ayurveda is often referred to as the "Mother of All Healing." Although there has been considerable scientific research done in this area during the last 50 years, the results of that research have not been adequately disseminated. Meeting the need for an authoritative, evidence-based reference, Scientific Basis for Ayurvedic Therapies is the first book to analyze and synthesize current research supporting Ayurvedic medicine. This book reviews the latest scientific information, evaluates the research data, and presents it in an easy to use format. The editor has carefully selected topics based on the availability of scientific studies and the prevalence of a disease. With contributions from experts in their respective fields, topics include Ayurvedic disease management, panchkarma, Ayurvedic bhasmas, the current status of Ayurveda in India, clinical research design, and evaluation of typical clinical trials of certain diseases, to name just a few. While there are many books devoted to Ayurveda, very few have any in-depth basis in scientific studies. This book provides a critical evaluation of literature, clinical trials, and biochemical and pharmacological studies on major Ayurvedic therapies that demonstrates how they are supported by scientific data. Providing a natural bridge from Ayurveda to Western medicine, Scientific Basis for Ayurvedic Therapies facilitates the integration of these therapies by health care providers.
Download or read book Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology written by James E. Barrett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-24 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celebrating 100 years of HEP, this volume will discuss key pharmacological discoveries and concepts of the past 100 years. These discoveries have dramatically changed the medical treatment paradigms of many diseases and these concepts have and will continue to shape discovery of new medicinies. Newly evolving technologies will similarly be discussed as they will shape the future of the pharmacology and, accordingly, medical therapy.
Download or read book Directory of European Research and Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Memory Deficits in Alzheimer s Disease written by Ralf J. Braun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-16 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuroscientific Foundations of Anesthesiology written by George A. Mashour and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the perioperative care of patients by anesthesiologists draws on diverse clinical skills, the principles of anesthesiology and pain management are rooted in the neurosciences. The Neuroscientific Foundations of Anesthesiology thoroughly examines the anesthetic modulation of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems and will help redefine anesthesiology as a fundamentally neuroscientific field. The book is organized by sections, with each focusing on a different part of the nervous system. State-of-the-art chapters written by thought-leaders in anesthesiology and neuroscience provide a novel and invaluable resource.
Download or read book Statin Associated Muscle Symptoms written by Paul D. Thompson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-25 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) from clinical presentation to treatment and possible metabolic causes. It examines the risk factors, presentations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, clinical management, and financial costs of SAMS. The book also highlights patients’ perspectives on SAMS such as the psychosocial, emotional, and societal factors influencing their perceptions and experiences. Finally, the book presents the results of observational and clinical trials on the prevalence of SAMS, clinical trials for treatments, and potential future research approaches for improving the understanding and treatment of SAMS. A key addition to the Contemporary Cardiology series, Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms is an essential resource for physicians, medical students, residents, fellows, and allied health professionals in cardiology, endocrinology, pharmacotherapy, primary care, and health promotion and disease prevention.
